Revelation 11 in the early church

[Vulgate: Apocalypse]

85 passages quote, allude to, or echo Revelation 11, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19

Revelation 11:1

Then I was given a measuring rod like a staff and was told, “Go and measure the temple of God and the altar, and count the number of worshipers there.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:1	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.1 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 11:1	Letter 46.6 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–419

Revelation 11:2

But exclude the courtyard outside the temple. Do not measure it, because it has been given over to the nations, and they will trample the holy city for 42 months.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:2	Heads against Gaius, fragment V (on Rev 11:2-12) · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200-235
Rev 11:2	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.2 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 11:2	Letter 46.6 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 11:2	Book of Rules 5 · Tyconius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380
Rev 11:2	Part 4, chapter 13 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	allusion, high confidence	ca. 445-450

Revelation 11:3

And I will empower my two witnesses, and they will prophesy for 1,260 days, clothed in sackcloth.”
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:3	On Christ and Antichrist 43 · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 200–215
Rev 11:3	On Christ and Antichrist 47 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
Rev 11:3	Heads against Gaius, fragment VI (on Matt 24:15-22) · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200-235
Rev 11:3–7	On Mount Sinai and Mount Zion 5 · Anonymous	allusion, medium confidence	3rd cent. (disputed)
Rev 11:3	Commentary on Daniel 4.35-37 · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 202-204
Rev 11:3	Commentary on Daniel 4.57-58 · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 202-204
Rev 11:3–7	On the Soul 50 · Tertullian	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 210
Rev 11:3	Lines 837–860 · Commodian	allusion, high confidence	3rd century (disputed)
Rev 11:3	Instructions 1.41 · Commodian	allusion, medium confidence	3rd century (disputed)
Rev 11:3	On the Computation of Easter 14 · Anonymous	allusion, high confidence	243
Rev 11:3	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.2 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 11:3	Divine Institutes 7.17.1 · Lactantius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 303–311
Rev 11:3	On the Deaths of the Persecutors 2.8 · Lactantius	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 314–315
Rev 11:3–7	Commentary on Matthew 20 · Hilary of Poitiers	allusion, high confidence	ca. 353–355
Rev 11:3–10	Commentary on 1 Corinthians 4:9 · Ambrosiaster	allusion, high confidence	ca. 366–384
Rev 11:3–7	Letter 59.3 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 11:3	Book of Rules 5 · Tyconius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380
Rev 11:3	Letter 193.5 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, high confidence	ca. 386–430
Rev 11:3	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 45.10.3 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 387-397
Rev 11:3–12	Sermon 299.11 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, high confidence	ca. 391-430
Rev 11:3	Literal Commentary on Genesis 9.6 · Augustine of Hippo	allusion, low confidence	ca. 401–415
Rev 11:3	Part 1, chapter 6 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	allusion, high confidence	ca. 445-450
Rev 11:3–4	Part 4, chapter 13 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

Revelation 11:4

These witnesses are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that stand before the Lord of the earth.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:4	On Christ and Antichrist 47 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
Rev 11:4	Heads against Gaius, fragment VI (on Matt 24:15-22) · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 200-235
Rev 11:4	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.3 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 11:4	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.4 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century

Revelation 11:5

If anyone wants to harm them, fire proceeds from their mouths and devours their enemies. In this way, anyone who wants to harm them must be killed.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:5	On Christ and Antichrist 47 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
Rev 11:5	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.2 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 11:5	Divine Institutes 7.17.2 · Lactantius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 303–311

Revelation 11:6

These witnesses have power to shut the sky so that no rain will fall during the days of their prophecy, and power to turn the waters into blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague as often as they wish.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:6	On Christ and Antichrist 47 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
Rev 11:6	Lines 837–860 · Commodian	allusion, high confidence	3rd century (disputed)
Rev 11:6	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.2 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, medium confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 11:6	Divine Institutes 7.17.2 · Lactantius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 303–311
Rev 11:6	Part 4, chapter 13 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

Revelation 11:7

When the two witnesses have finished their testimony, the beast that comes up from the Abyss will wage war with them, and will overpower and kill them.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:7	On Christ and Antichrist 47 · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200–215
Rev 11:7	Heads against Gaius, fragment VI (on Matt 24:15-22) · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200-235
Rev 11:7	Lines 837–860 · Commodian	allusion, high confidence	3rd century (disputed)
Rev 11:7	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.4 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 11:7	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.5 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 11:7	Divine Institutes 7.17.3 · Lactantius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 303–311
Rev 11:7–10	Commentary on 1 Thessalonians 5:1–5 · Ambrosiaster	allusion, high confidence	ca. 366–384
Rev 11:7	Letter 46.6 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 11:7	Explanation of Twelve Psalms 45.10.3 · Ambrose	allusion, high confidence	ca. 387-397
Rev 11:7	Part 4, chapter 14 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	allusion, high confidence	ca. 445-450
Rev 11:7–10	Part 4, chapter 15 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

Revelation 11:8

Their bodies will lie in the street of the great city—figuratively called Sodom and Egypt—where their Lord was also crucified.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:8	Sibylline Oracles 6.21ff. · Anonymous	echo, low confidence	2nd-3rd cent.
Rev 11:8	Heads against Gaius, fragment VI (on Matt 24:15-22) · Hippolytus of Rome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 200-235
Rev 11:8	Homilies on Jeremiah 9.2 · Origen	quotation, high confidence	ca. 240
Rev 11:8	Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 50 · Origen	allusion, high confidence	ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century)
Rev 11:8	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.5 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 11:8	Letter 46.6 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 11:8	Letter 120.8 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 11:8	Letter 121.10 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 11:8	Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380
Rev 11:8	Book of Rules 5 · Tyconius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380
Rev 11:8	Commentary on Jeremiah 6.40 · Jerome	quotation, high confidence	ca. 414-419

Revelation 11:9

For three and a half days all peoples and tribes and tongues and nations will view their bodies and will not permit them to be laid in a tomb.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:9	Lines 861–884 · Commodian	allusion, high confidence	3rd century (disputed)
Rev 11:9	Book of Rules 5 · Tyconius	quotation, high confidence	ca. 380

Revelation 11:11

But after the three and a half days, the breath of life from God entered the two witnesses, and they stood on their feet, and great fear fell upon those who saw them.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:11	Heads against Gaius, fragment VI (on Matt 24:15-22) · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 200-235
Rev 11:11	Lines 861–884 · Commodian	allusion, high confidence	3rd century (disputed)
Rev 11:11	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.5 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, high confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 11:11	Divine Institutes 7.17.3 · Lactantius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 303–311
Rev 11:11–12	Part 4, chapter 16 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage	quotation, high confidence	ca. 445-450

Revelation 11:12

And the witnesses heard a loud voice from heaven saying, “Come up here.” And they went up to heaven in a cloud as their enemies watched them.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:12	Heads against Gaius, fragment VI (on Matt 24:15-22) · Hippolytus of Rome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 200-235
Rev 11:12	Lines 861–884 · Commodian	allusion, high confidence	3rd century (disputed)
Rev 11:12	Divine Institutes 7.17.3 · Lactantius	allusion, high confidence	ca. 303–311

Revelation 11:13

And in that hour there was a great earthquake, and a tenth of the city collapsed. Seven thousand were killed in the quake, and the rest were terrified and gave glory to the God of heaven.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:13	Lines 837–860 · Commodian	allusion, high confidence	3rd century (disputed)

Revelation 11:15

Then the seventh angel sounded his trumpet, and loud voices called out in heaven: “The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ, and He will reign forever and ever.”
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:15	2 Clement 17.5 · Anonymous	echo, low confidence	ca. 100–150
Rev 11:15	Sibylline Oracles 8.161ff. · Anonymous	echo, medium confidence	2nd-3rd cent.
Rev 11:15	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.1 · Victorinus of Pettau	allusion, medium confidence	late 3rd century
Rev 11:15	Letter 119.5 · Jerome	allusion, high confidence	ca. 370–419
Rev 11:15	Letter 119.6 · Jerome	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 370–419

Revelation 11:16

And the twenty-four elders who sit on their thrones before God fell on their faces and worshiped God,
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:16	Miscellanies 6.13.106 · Clement of Alexandria	allusion, medium confidence	ca. 198–203

Revelation 11:17

saying: “We give thanks to You, O Lord God Almighty, the One who is and who was, because You have taken Your great power and have begun to reign.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:17	Commentary on the Apocalypse 20.1 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century

Revelation 11:18

The nations were enraged, and Your wrath has come. The time has come to judge the dead and to reward Your servants the prophets, as well as the saints and those who fear Your name, both small and great—and to destroy those who destroy the earth.”
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:18	Commentary on the Apocalypse 20.1 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century

Revelation 11:19

Then the temple of God in heaven was opened, and the ark of His covenant appeared in His temple. And there were flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder, an earthquake, and a great hailstorm.
BSB

Reference	Passage	Kind	Date
Rev 11:19	Against Heresies 4.18.6 · Irenaeus of Lyons	quotation, high confidence	ca. 180–190
Rev 11:19	Commentary on the Apocalypse 11.6 · Victorinus of Pettau	quotation, high confidence	late 3rd century