Ezekiel 4 in the early church
[Vulgate: Ezechiel]
20 passages quote, allude to, or echo Ezekiel 4, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 9 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17
Ezekiel 4:1
“Now you, son of man, take a brick, place it before you, and draw on it the city of Jerusalem.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:1 | Letter 78.19 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Ezekiel 4:3
Then take an iron plate and set it up as an iron wall between yourself and the city. Turn your face toward it so that it is under siege, and besiege it. This will be a sign to the house of Israel.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:3 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 38.34.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Ezekiel 4:4
Then lie down on your left side and place the iniquity of the house of Israel upon yourself. You are to bear their iniquity for the number of days you lie on your side.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:4 | On the Incarnation 37.1 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 318–325 |
| Ezek 4:4 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 38.34.3 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Ezekiel 4:5
For I have assigned to you 390 days, according to the number of years of their iniquity. So you shall bear the iniquity of the house of Israel.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:5 | Book of Rules 5 · Tyconius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Ezekiel 4:6
When you have completed these days, lie down again, but on your right side, and bear the iniquity of the house of Judah. I have assigned to you 40 days, a day for each year.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:6 | Book of Rules 5 · Tyconius | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ezek 4:6 | Sermon 166 · Peter Chrysologus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Ezekiel 4:9
But take wheat, barley, beans, lentils, millet, and spelt; put them in a single container and make them into bread for yourself. This is what you are to eat during the 390 days you lie on your side.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:9 | Letters 23.6 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| Ezek 4:9 | Letters 23.7 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Ezekiel 4:12
And you shall eat the food as you would a barley cake, after you bake it over dried human excrement in the sight of the people.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:12 | Homilies on Leviticus 5.8 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Ezek 4:12 | Letter 40.1 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ezek 4:12 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 48.3.7 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
Ezekiel 4:13
Then the LORD said, “This is how the Israelites will eat their defiled bread among the nations to which I will banish them.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:13–14 | Demonstration 12.2 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
Ezekiel 4:14
“Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “I have never defiled myself. From my youth until now I have not eaten anything found dead or mauled by wild beasts. No unclean meat has ever entered my mouth.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:14 | Homilies on Leviticus 5.8 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Ezek 4:14 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 48.3.7 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Ezek 4:14 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 48.3.8 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
Ezekiel 4:15
“Look,” He replied, “I will let you use cow dung instead of human excrement, and you may bake your bread over that.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:15 | Letter 40.1 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ezek 4:15 | Letters 23.6 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Ezekiel 4:16
Then He told me, “Son of man, I am going to cut off the supply of food in Jerusalem. They will anxiously eat bread rationed by weight, and in despair they will drink water by measure.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:16 | Letters 23.6 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Ezekiel 4:17
So they will lack food and water; they will be appalled at the sight of one another wasting away in their iniquity.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 4:17 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 38.34.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |