Ecclesiastes 9 in the early church

45 passages quote, allude to, or echo Ecclesiastes 9, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18

Ecclesiastes 9:1

So I took all this to heart and concluded that the righteous and the wise, as well as their deeds, are in God’s hands. Man does not know what lies ahead, whether love or hate.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:1Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century

Ecclesiastes 9:2

It is the same for all: There is a common fate for the righteous and the wicked, for the good and the bad, for the clean and the unclean, for the one who sacrifices and the one who does not. As it is for the good, so it is for the sinner; as it is for the one who makes a vow, so it is for the one who refuses to take a vow.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:2Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 9:2Letter 108.27 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419

Ecclesiastes 9:3

This is an evil in everything that is done under the sun: There is one fate for everyone. Furthermore, the hearts of men are full of evil and madness while they are alive, and afterward they join the dead.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:3Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century

Ecclesiastes 9:4

There is hope, however, for anyone who is among the living; for even a live dog is better than a dead lion.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:4Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 9:4Question 39, section 1 · Ambrosiasterquotation, high confidenceca. 370–384
Eccl 9:4Ancoratus 18.4 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374
Eccl 9:4Against Vigilantius 6 · Jeromequotation, high confidence406
Eccl 9:4Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 4 · Eucherius of Lyonquotation, high confidenceca. 420-430

Ecclesiastes 9:5

For the living know that they will die, but the dead know nothing. They have no further reward, because the memory of them is forgotten.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:5Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century

Ecclesiastes 9:6

Their love, their hate, and their envy have already vanished, and they will never again have a share in all that is done under the sun.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:6Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century

Ecclesiastes 9:7

Go, eat your bread with joy, and drink your wine with a cheerful heart, for God has already approved your works:

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:7Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 9:7Catechetical Lecture 22.8 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Eccl 9:7Letter 96.1 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419

Ecclesiastes 9:8

Let your garments always be white, and never spare the oil for your head.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:8Homilies on Exodus 11.7 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410)
Eccl 9:8Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 9:8Commentary on Matthew 17.24 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 246–248
Eccl 9:8Catechetical Lecture 22.8 · Cyril of Jerusalemquotation, high confidenceca. 350
Eccl 9:8Letter 96.1 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Eccl 9:8Letter 122.3 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Eccl 9:8Letter 130.8 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419
Eccl 9:8Against Jovinianus 1.29 · Jeromequotation, high confidence393
Eccl 9:8Letters 41.3 · Paulinus of Nolaallusion, high confidenceca. 394–413

Ecclesiastes 9:9

Enjoy life with your beloved wife all the days of the fleeting life that God has given you under the sun—all your fleeting days. For this is your portion in life and in your labor under the sun.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:9Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 9:9Commentary on Malachi 2:13–16 · Jeromequotation, high confidence406

Ecclesiastes 9:10

Whatever you find to do with your hands, do it with all your might, for in Sheol, where you are going, there is no work or planning or knowledge or wisdom.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:10Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century

Ecclesiastes 9:11

I saw something else under the sun: The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong; neither is the bread to the wise, nor the wealth to the intelligent, nor the favor to the skillful. For time and chance happen to all.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:11Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 9:11Oration 2.41 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Eccl 9:11Oration 37.13 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Eccl 9:11Book of Rules 7 · Tyconiusquotation, high confidenceca. 380
Eccl 9:11The Conferences 13.18 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429

Ecclesiastes 9:12

For surely no man knows his time: Like fish caught in a cruel net or birds trapped in a snare, so men are ensnared in an evil time that suddenly falls upon them.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:12Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 9:12Defence of His Flight 13 · Athanasius of Alexandriaquotation, high confidenceca. 357

Ecclesiastes 9:13

I have also seen this wisdom under the sun, and it was great to me:

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:13Prophetic Extracts 3.5 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Ecclesiastes 9:14

There was a small city with few men. A mighty king came against it, surrounded it, and built large siege ramps against it.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:14Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 9:14Prophetic Extracts 3.5 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Ecclesiastes 9:15

Now a poor wise man was found in the city, and he saved the city by his wisdom. Yet no one remembered that poor man.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:15Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 9:15Prophetic Extracts 3.5 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Ecclesiastes 9:16

And I said, “Wisdom is better than strength, but the wisdom of the poor man is despised, and his words are not heeded.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:16Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 9:16Prophetic Extracts 3.5 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Eccl 9:16Ancoratus 42.7 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374
Eccl 9:16On the Trinity 15.5 · Augustine of Hippoecho, low confidenceca. 399–419

Ecclesiastes 9:17

The calm words of the wise are heeded over the shouts of a ruler among fools.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:17Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century
Eccl 9:17On the Holy Spirit 30.78 · Basil of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 374–375

Ecclesiastes 9:18

Wisdom is better than weapons of war, but one sinner destroys much good.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Eccl 9:18Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgusallusion, high confidence3rd century