Ecclesiastes 9 in the early church
45 passages quote, allude to, or echo Ecclesiastes 9, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18
Ecclesiastes 9:1
So I took all this to heart and concluded that the righteous and the wise, as well as their deeds, are in God’s hands. Man does not know what lies ahead, whether love or hate.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:1 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
Ecclesiastes 9:2
It is the same for all: There is a common fate for the righteous and the wicked, for the good and the bad, for the clean and the unclean, for the one who sacrifices and the one who does not. As it is for the good, so it is for the sinner; as it is for the one who makes a vow, so it is for the one who refuses to take a vow.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:2 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 9:2 | Letter 108.27 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Ecclesiastes 9:3
This is an evil in everything that is done under the sun: There is one fate for everyone. Furthermore, the hearts of men are full of evil and madness while they are alive, and afterward they join the dead.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:3 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
Ecclesiastes 9:4
There is hope, however, for anyone who is among the living; for even a live dog is better than a dead lion.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:4 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 9:4 | Question 39, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Eccl 9:4 | Ancoratus 18.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Eccl 9:4 | Against Vigilantius 6 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 406 |
| Eccl 9:4 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 4 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
Ecclesiastes 9:5
For the living know that they will die, but the dead know nothing. They have no further reward, because the memory of them is forgotten.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:5 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
Ecclesiastes 9:6
Their love, their hate, and their envy have already vanished, and they will never again have a share in all that is done under the sun.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:6 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
Ecclesiastes 9:7
Go, eat your bread with joy, and drink your wine with a cheerful heart, for God has already approved your works:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:7 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 9:7 | Catechetical Lecture 22.8 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Eccl 9:7 | Letter 96.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Ecclesiastes 9:8
Let your garments always be white, and never spare the oil for your head.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:8 | Homilies on Exodus 11.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Eccl 9:8 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 9:8 | Commentary on Matthew 17.24 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Eccl 9:8 | Catechetical Lecture 22.8 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Eccl 9:8 | Letter 96.1 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Eccl 9:8 | Letter 122.3 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Eccl 9:8 | Letter 130.8 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Eccl 9:8 | Against Jovinianus 1.29 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Eccl 9:8 | Letters 41.3 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
Ecclesiastes 9:9
Enjoy life with your beloved wife all the days of the fleeting life that God has given you under the sun—all your fleeting days. For this is your portion in life and in your labor under the sun.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:9 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 9:9 | Commentary on Malachi 2:13–16 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 406 |
Ecclesiastes 9:10
Whatever you find to do with your hands, do it with all your might, for in Sheol, where you are going, there is no work or planning or knowledge or wisdom.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:10 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
Ecclesiastes 9:11
I saw something else under the sun: The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong; neither is the bread to the wise, nor the wealth to the intelligent, nor the favor to the skillful. For time and chance happen to all.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:11 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 9:11 | Oration 2.41 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Eccl 9:11 | Oration 37.13 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Eccl 9:11 | Book of Rules 7 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Eccl 9:11 | The Conferences 13.18 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Ecclesiastes 9:12
For surely no man knows his time: Like fish caught in a cruel net or birds trapped in a snare, so men are ensnared in an evil time that suddenly falls upon them.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:12 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 9:12 | Defence of His Flight 13 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357 |
Ecclesiastes 9:13
I have also seen this wisdom under the sun, and it was great to me:
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:13 | Prophetic Extracts 3.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Ecclesiastes 9:14
There was a small city with few men. A mighty king came against it, surrounded it, and built large siege ramps against it.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:14 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 9:14 | Prophetic Extracts 3.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Ecclesiastes 9:15
Now a poor wise man was found in the city, and he saved the city by his wisdom. Yet no one remembered that poor man.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:15 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 9:15 | Prophetic Extracts 3.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
Ecclesiastes 9:16
And I said, “Wisdom is better than strength, but the wisdom of the poor man is despised, and his words are not heeded.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:16 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 9:16 | Prophetic Extracts 3.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Eccl 9:16 | Ancoratus 42.7 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Eccl 9:16 | On the Trinity 15.5 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | ca. 399–419 |
Ecclesiastes 9:17
The calm words of the wise are heeded over the shouts of a ruler among fools.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:17 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |
| Eccl 9:17 | On the Holy Spirit 30.78 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 374–375 |
Ecclesiastes 9:18
Wisdom is better than weapons of war, but one sinner destroys much good.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eccl 9:18 | Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes 9 · Gregory Thaumaturgus | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century |