1 Samuel 19 in the early church
[LXX: 1 Kingdoms; Vulgate: 1 Kings]
37 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Samuel 19, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 5 · 6 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 15 · 16 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23
1 Samuel 19:1
Then Saul ordered his son Jonathan and all his servants to kill David. But Jonathan delighted greatly in David,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:1 | On Saint Athanasius 1.13 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 1 Sam 19:1 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.21.1 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| 1 Sam 19:1 | Exposition of Psalm 118 14.22.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| 1 Sam 19:1 | Letter 185.9 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| 1 Sam 19:1 | Sermon 175.8 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Sam 19:1 | Sermon 279.5 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Sam 19:1–24 | Sermon 315.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Sam 19:1 | Homilies on the First Epistle of John 8.2 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 407 |
1 Samuel 19:2
so he warned David, saying, “My father Saul intends to kill you. Be on your guard in the morning; find a secret place and hide there.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:2–12 | On Saint Athanasius 1.13 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 1 Sam 19:2 | On the Duties of the Clergy 1.33 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386–390 |
1 Samuel 19:5
He took his life in his hands when he struck down the Philistine, and the LORD worked a great salvation for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced, so why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:5 | Exposition of Psalm 118 14.22.1 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
1 Samuel 19:6
Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan and swore an oath: “As surely as the LORD lives, David will not be put to death.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:6 | Exposition of Psalm 118 14.22.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
1 Samuel 19:10
Saul tried to pin him to the wall with his spear. But David eluded him and the spear struck the wall. And David fled and escaped that night.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:10 | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.9.2 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
1 Samuel 19:11
Then Saul sent messengers to David’s house to watch him and kill him in the morning. But David’s wife Michal warned him, “If you do not run for your life tonight, tomorrow you will be dead!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:11 | Letter to Marcellinus 20 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | uncertain, after 335 |
| 1 Sam 19:11 | Tractates on the Psalms 58.1 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
1 Samuel 19:12
So Michal lowered David from the window, and he ran away and escaped.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:12 | Commentary on 2 Samuel 3:12-16 · Ephrem the Syrian | allusion, medium confidence | 4th century (if Ephrem's, before 373) |
| 1 Sam 19:12 | Defence of His Flight 10 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357 |
| 1 Sam 19:12 | On Fleeing the World 19 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-391 |
1 Samuel 19:13
Then Michal took a household idol and laid it in the bed, placed some goat hair on its head, and covered it with a garment.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:13 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 943 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| 1 Sam 19:13 | Letter 29.6 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
1 Samuel 19:15
But Saul sent the messengers back to see David and told them, “Bring him up to me in his bed so I can kill him.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:15 | Letter 29.6 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
1 Samuel 19:16
And when the messengers entered, there was the idol in the bed with the goat hair on its head.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:16 | Letter 29.6 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
1 Samuel 19:18
So David ran away and escaped. And he went to Samuel at Ramah and told him all that Saul had done to him. Then he and Samuel went to Naioth and stayed there.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:18 | On Saint Athanasius 1.13 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 1 Sam 19:18–24 | On Not Sparing Those Who Sin against God 4 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, low confidence | ca. 356–361 |
1 Samuel 19:19
When Saul was told that David was at Naioth in Ramah,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:19–20 | Commentary on John 28.142 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
1 Samuel 19:20
he sent messengers to seize him. But when they saw the group of prophets prophesying, with Samuel leading them, the Spirit of God came upon them, and Saul’s messengers also began to prophesy.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:20–24 | Commentary on John 28.141 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 1 Sam 19:20–21 | Commentary on John 28.143 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 1 Sam 19:20–24 | Commentary on John 28.176 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 1 Sam 19:20–24 | On Rebaptism 15 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 250–258 (disputed) |
| 1 Sam 19:20 | Oration 43.52 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
1 Samuel 19:21
When this was reported to Saul, he sent more messengers, but they began to prophesy as well. So Saul tried again and sent messengers a third time, and even they began to prophesy.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:21–22 | Commentary on John 28.144 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
1 Samuel 19:22
Finally, Saul himself left for Ramah and came to the large cistern at Secu, where he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?” “At Naioth in Ramah,” he was told.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:22–24 | Commentary on John 28.145 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
1 Samuel 19:23
So Saul went to Naioth in Ramah. But the Spirit of God came upon even Saul, and he walked along prophesying until he came to Naioth in Ramah.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sam 19:23 | Commentary on 1 Corinthians 13:2 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| 1 Sam 19:23–24 | Sermon 95.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 391-430 |
| 1 Sam 19:23 | Letters 18.7 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 394–413 |
| 1 Sam 19:23 | On Baptism, against the Donatists 1.12 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 400–401 |
| 1 Sam 19:23–24 | Homilies on the First Epistle of John 7.6 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 407 |