Church History (epitome by Photius) 12.1–12.14
Greek text: PG 65 (OCR text layer from the Bavarian State Library, cleaned for this site).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0). Compare: The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen, and the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius, trans. Edward Walford (London: Bohn, 1855).
Chapter 12
12.1PG 65:605
Ὅτι Φιλοστόργιος, καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις πολλοῖς Στελίχωνος κατατρέχων, καὶ τυραννίδος ἔνοχον γράφει. Καὶ ὡς Ὀλύμπιός τις τῶν μαγίστρων, φερόμενον κατὰ τοῦ βασιλέως ἐν τῷ παλατίῳ τὸ ξίφος ἀντιλαβών τῇ χειρὶ, ἑαυτὸν μὲν ἐλυμήνατο, τὸν βασιλέα δὲ ἔσωσε, καὶ συνεργὸς αὐτῷ κατέστη πρὸς τὴν ἀναίρεσιν Στελίχωνος, κατὰ τὴν Ῥάβενναν διατρίβοντος. ῎Ἄλλοι δὲ οὐκ Ὀλύμπιον, ἀλλ' Ὀλυμπιόδωρόν φασιν· οὐδ᾽ ἐπαμῦναι τῷ βασιλεῖ, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιβουλεῦσαι τῷ εὐεργέτῃ Στελίχωνι, καὶ εἰς τυραννίδα συκοφαντῆσαι αὐτόν. Καὶ οὐδὲ μάγιστρον τηνικαῦτα εἶναι, ἀλλ᾽ ὕστερον, μετὰ τὸν ἄδικον τοῦ Στελίχωνος φόνον, ἔπαθλον τὴν ἀξίαν λαβεῖν. ᾿Αλλ᾽ οὐκ εἰς μακρὰν καὶ αὐτὸν ῥοπάλοις ἀναιρεθέντα τῆς μιαιφονίας τὴν κὴν ἀποτῖσαι τῷ Στελίχωνι.
Hoti Philostorgios, kai en allois pollois Stelichōnos katatrechōn, kai tyrannidos enochon graphei. Kai hōs Olympios tis tōn magistrōn, pheromenon kata tou basileōs en tǭ palatiǭ to xiphos antilabōn tę̄ cheiri, heauton men elymēnato, ton basilea de esōse, kai synergos autǭ katestē pros tēn anairesin Stelichōnos, kata tēn Rhabennan diatribontos. ᾿Alloi de ouk Olympion, all' Olympiodōron phasin; oud᾽ epamynai tǭ basilei, all᾽ epibouleusai tǭ euergetę̄ Stelichōni, kai eis tyrannida sykophantēsai auton. Kai oude magistron tēnikauta einai, all᾽ hysteron, meta ton adikon tou Stelichōnos phonon, epathlon tēn axian labein. ᾿All᾽ ouk eis makran kai auton rhopalois anairethenta tēs miaiphonias tēn kēn apotisai tǭ Stelichōni.
That Philostorgius, who disparages Stilicho in many other respects too, writes that he was guilty of aiming at usurpation; and that one Olympius, one of the magistri, caught with his hand the sword that was being brought against the emperor in the palace, injuring himself but saving the emperor, and became his partner in killing Stilicho while he was staying at Ravenna. But others say it was not Olympius but Olympiodorus; that he did not come to the emperor's defence, but plotted against his benefactor Stilicho and falsely accused him of usurpation; and that he was not a magister at that time, but received the rank afterwards, as a prize for the unjust murder of Stilicho. But not long afterwards he too was killed with clubs and paid Stilicho the penalty for his bloodshed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philostorgius's account of Stilicho's fall through Olympius, set against other writers' version.
- The comparison with “others” is Photius's. The word for “penalty” has lost letters in the scan (δίκην).
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.1 (PG 65:605; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.2PG 65:605
Ὅτι κατὰ τοὺς προειρημένους χρόνους ᾿Αλάριχος Γότθος τὸ γένος, περὶ τὰ τῆς Θράκης ἄνω μέρη δύναμιν ἀθροίσας, ἐπῆλθε τῇ Ἑλλάδι, καὶ τὰς ᾿Αθήνας εἶλε, καὶ Μακεδόνας καὶ τοὺς προσεχεῖς Λαλμάτας ἐληῖσατο. Ἐπῆλθε δὲ καὶ τὴν Ἰλλυρίδα, καὶ τὰς ῎Αλπεις διαβὰς ταῖς Ἰταλίαις ἐνέβαλε Στελίχωνι δὲ, ὡς οὗτος λέγει, ζῶντι μετάπεμπτος ἦν. Ὃς αὐτῷ καὶ τὰς τῶν ᾿Αλπεων πύλας διήνοιξε. Καὶ γὰρ ἐπιβουλὰς πάσας Στελίχωνα κατὰ βασιλέως παλαμᾶσθαι, καὶ μηδ' ὅτι γαμβρὸν αὐτὸν εἶχεν ἐπὶ θυγατρὶ δυσωπεῖσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ φάρμακον αὐτῷ ἀγωνίας ἐγκεράσασθαι ἐλελήθει δὲ ἄρα ἑαυτὸν, ἐν τῷ σπουδάζειν τὸν υἱὸν Εὐχέριον ἀνακηρύξειν ρανόμως βασιλέα, τὸν ἀπόγονον τῆς κατὰ διαδοχὴν καὶ θεσμὸν βασιλείας προεκθερίζων καὶ ζημιούμενος. Οὕτω δὲ κατάφωρον καὶ ἀδεᾶ τὴν τυραννίδα προενεγκεῖν τὸν Στελίχωνα λέγει, ὡς καὶ μισμα, μορφῆς λειπούσης μόνης, κόψασθαι.
Hoti kata tous proeirēmenous chronous ᾿Alarichos Gotthos to genos, peri ta tēs Thrakēs anō merē dynamin athroisas, epēlthe tę̄ Helladi, kai tas ᾿Athēnas eile, kai Makedonas kai tous prosecheis Lalmatas elēisato. Epēlthe de kai tēn Illyrida, kai tas ᾿Alpeis diabas tais Italiais enebale Stelichōni de, hōs houtos legei, zōnti metapemptos ēn. Hos autǭ kai tas tōn ᾿Alpeōn pylas diēnoixe. Kai gar epiboulas pasas Stelichōna kata basileōs palamasthai, kai mēd' hoti gambron auton eichen epi thygatri dysōpeisthai, alla kai pharmakon autǭ agōnias enkerasasthai elelēthei de ara heauton, en tǭ spoudazein ton huion Eucherion anakēryxein ranomōs basilea, ton apogonon tēs kata diadochēn kai thesmon basileias proektherizōn kai zēmioumenos. Houtō de kataphōron kai adea tēn tyrannida proenenkein ton Stelichōna legei, hōs kai misma, morphēs leipousēs monēs, kopsasthai.
That about the times mentioned, Alaric, a Goth by race, gathered a force in the upper parts of Thrace, invaded Greece, took Athens, and plundered the Macedonians and the neighbouring Dalmatians. He also invaded Illyricum, and crossing the Alps fell upon Italy. He had been summoned, as this man says, by Stilicho while Stilicho was still alive, and Stilicho also opened the gates of the Alps to him. For, he says, Stilicho contrived every plot against the emperor, and was not even restrained by having him as his son-in-law through his daughter, but mixed a drug for him; but in his eagerness to proclaim his son Eucherius emperor unlawfully, he did not notice that he was cutting down beforehand and destroying his own descendant in the lawful succession to the empire. He says that Stilicho brought his usurpation into the open so plainly and fearlessly that he even struck coins, lacking only his image.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alaric invades Greece and Italy, summoned, Philostorgius says, by Stilicho, whom he accuses of plotting against Honorius.
- The drug is printed φάρμακον ἀγωνίας (“of anguish”); the sense, as the next clause shows, is a drug against childbearing (ἀγονίας).
- Some words have lost letters in the scan (Δαλμάτας, παρανόμως, νόμισμα) and are translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): Ἰλλυμίδα → Ἰλλυρίδα.
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.2 (PG 65:605; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.3PG 65:607
Ὅτι Στελίχωνος ἀνῃρημένου, οἱ συνόντες βάρβαροι, τὸν ἐκείνου παῖδα λαβόντες, τὴν ταχίστην ᾤχοντο. Καὶ τῇ Ῥώμῃ πλησιάσαντες, τὸν μὲν ἐφεῖσαν εἷς τινα τῶν ἀσύλων ἱερὸν καταφυγεῖν. Οἱ δὲ τὰ τῆς πόλεως πέριξ ἐπόρθουν, τῶν μὲν τῷ Στελίχωνι τιμωροῦντες τῶν δὲ λιμῷ πιεζόμενοι. Ἐπεὶ δὲ παρὰ Ονωρίου γράμμα, κρεῖττον τῆς ἀσυλίας γενόμενον, ἀναιρεῖ τὸν Εὐχέριον, διὰ ταῦτα συμμίξαντες οἱ βάρβαροι ᾿Αλαρίχῳ εἰς τὸν πρὸς μαίους αὐτὸν ἐξορμῶσι πόλεμον. Ὁ δὲ θᾶττον καταλαμβάνει τὸν πόρτον· μέγιστον δὲ οὗτος νεώριον Ῥώμης, λιμέσι τρισὶ περιγραφόμενος, καὶ εἰς πόλεως μικρᾶς παρατεινόμενος μέγεθος. Ἐν τούτῳ δὲ ὁ δημόσιος ἅπας σἴτος κατὰ παλαιὸν ἔθος ἐταμιεύετο. Ἑλὼν δὲ ῥᾷον τὸν πόρτον, καὶ τῇ σιτοδείᾳ, ἢ ταῖς ἄλλαις μηχαναῖς πολιορκήσας τὴν Ῥώμην κατὰ κράτος αἱρεῖ· καὶ ψηφισαμένων τῶν Ῥωμαίων (τοῦτο γὰρ αὐτοῖς ᾿Αλάριχος ἐνεδίδου) ῎Ατταλον αὐτοῖς ἀναγορεύει βασιλέα. Οὗτος δὲ Ἴων μὲν ἦν τὸ γένος, Ἕλλην δὲ τὴν δόξαν, τῆς αὐτῆς δὲ πόλεως ἔπαρχος. Οὗτος δὲ λοιπὸν μετὰ τὴν ἀναγόρευσιν τὸ λείψανον τῶν Ῥωμαίων, ὅπερ ὁ λιμὸς αὐτὸς καὶ ἡ ἀλληλοφαγία ὑπελείπετο, τροφὴν αὐτοῖς κομίζειν ἀπὸ τοῦ πόρτου ἐφίησιν. Εἶτα τὸν Ἄτταλον λαβὼν, καὶ στρατηγοῦ σχῆμα πληρῶν αὐτῷ, ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥάβενναν καθ' 'Ονωρίου στρατεύει. Καὶ κελεύει ῎Ατταλος τὸν Ἑνώριον, τὸν ἰδιώτην ἀνθελέσθαι βίον, καὶ τῶν τοῦ ματος ἀκρωτηριῶν τῇ περιτομῇ τὴν τοῦ ὅλου σωτηρίαν ὠνήσασθαι. Σάρος δὲ, ὃς μετὰ Στελίχωνα τὴν στρατηγικὴν ἀρχὴν Ονωρίου δεδωκότος εἶχε, συμβαλὼν ᾿Αλαρίχῳ, κρατεῖ τῇ μάχῃ, καὶ τῆς βέννης ἀποδιώκει. Ὁ δὲ τὸν πόρτον καταλαβὼν ἀποδύει μὲν τῆς βασιλείας τὸν ῎Ατταλον· οἱ μέν φασι, μὴ εὔνουν εἶναι διαβληθέντα· οἱ δὲ, διότι σπονδὰς διενοεῖτο πρὸς Ονώριον θέσθαι, καὶ τὸ δοκοῦν ἐμποδὼν ἑστάναι, δέον ἡγεῖτο προαποσκευάσασθαι. Μετὰ τοῦτο πρὸς Ῥάβενναν ὁ ᾿Αλάριχος ἐπανελθὼν, καὶ σπονδὰς προτείνων, ὑπὸ τοῦ προειρημένου διεκρούσθη Σάρου, φαμένου τὸν δίκας ὀφείλοντα τῶν τολμηθέντων, μὴ ἂν ἄξιον εἶναι φίλοις συντάττεσθαι. Ἐκεῖθεν ᾿Αλάριχος ὀργισθεὶς μετὰ ἐνιαυτὸν τῆς προτέρας ἐπὶ τὸν πόρτον ἐφόδου, ὡς πολέμιον ἐπελαύνει τῇ Ῥώμῃ. Καὶ τὸ ἐντεῦθεν τῆς σαύτης δόξης τὸ μέγεθος, καὶ τὸ τῆς δυνάμεως ριώνυμον, ἀλλόφυλον πῦρ καὶ ξίφος πολέμιον, καὶ αἰχμαλωσία κατεμερίζετο βάρβαρος. Ἐν ἐρειπίοις δὲ τῆς πόλεως κειμένης, ᾿Αλάριχος τὰ κατὰ Καμπανίαν ἐληίζετο, κἀκεῖ νόσῳ φθείρεται.
Hoti Stelichōnos anę̄rēmenou, hoi synontes barbaroi, ton ekeinou paida labontes, tēn tachistēn ǭchonto. Kai tę̄ Rhōmę̄ plēsiasantes, ton men epheisan heis tina tōn asylōn hieron kataphygein. Hoi de ta tēs poleōs perix eporthoun, tōn men tǭ Stelichōni timōrountes tōn de limǭ piezomenoi. Epei de para Onōriou gramma, kreitton tēs asylias genomenon, anairei ton Eucherion, dia tauta symmixantes hoi barbaroi ᾿Alarichǭ eis ton pros maious auton exormōsi polemon. Ho de thatton katalambanei ton porton; megiston de houtos neōrion Rhōmēs, limesi trisi perigraphomenos, kai eis poleōs mikras parateinomenos megethos. En toutǭ de ho dēmosios hapas sitos kata palaion ethos etamieueto. Helōn de rhąon ton porton, kai tę̄ sitodeią, ē tais allais mēchanais poliorkēsas tēn Rhōmēn kata kratos hairei; kai psēphisamenōn tōn Rhōmaiōn (touto gar autois ᾿Alarichos enedidou) ᾿Attalon autois anagoreuei basilea. Houtos de Iōn men ēn to genos, Hellēn de tēn doxan, tēs autēs de poleōs eparchos. Houtos de loipon meta tēn anagoreusin to leipsanon tōn Rhōmaiōn, hoper ho limos autos kai hē allēlophagia hypeleipeto, trophēn autois komizein apo tou portou ephiēsin. Eita ton Attalon labōn, kai stratēgou schēma plērōn autǭ, epi tēn Rhabennan kath' 'Onōriou strateuei. Kai keleuei ᾿Attalos ton Henōrion, ton idiōtēn anthelesthai bion, kai tōn tou matos akrōtēriōn tę̄ peritomę̄ tēn tou holou sōtērian ōnēsasthai. Saros de, hos meta Stelichōna tēn stratēgikēn archēn Onōriou dedōkotos eiche, symbalōn ᾿Alarichǭ, kratei tę̄ machę̄, kai tēs bennēs apodiōkei. Ho de ton porton katalabōn apodyei men tēs basileias ton ᾿Attalon; hoi men phasi, mē eunoun einai diablēthenta; hoi de, dioti spondas dienoeito pros Onōrion thesthai, kai to dokoun empodōn hestanai, deon hēgeito proaposkeuasasthai. Meta touto pros Rhabennan ho ᾿Alarichos epanelthōn, kai spondas proteinōn, hypo tou proeirēmenou diekrousthē Sarou, phamenou ton dikas opheilonta tōn tolmēthentōn, mē an axion einai philois syntattesthai. Ekeithen ᾿Alarichos orgistheis meta eniauton tēs proteras epi ton porton ephodou, hōs polemion epelaunei tę̄ Rhōmę̄. Kai to enteuthen tēs sautēs doxēs to megethos, kai to tēs dynameōs riōnymon, allophylon pyr kai xiphos polemion, kai aichmalōsia katemerizeto barbaros. En ereipiois de tēs poleōs keimenēs, ᾿Alarichos ta kata Kampanian elēizeto, kakei nosǭ phtheiretai.
That when Stilicho had been killed, the barbarians who were with him took his son and went off with all speed. When they came near Rome, they let him take refuge in one of the sanctuaries that have the right of asylum. They ravaged the country round the city, partly to avenge Stilicho and partly because they were pressed by hunger. But when a letter from Honorius, stronger than the right of asylum, put Eucherius to death, the barbarians therefore joined Alaric and urged him on to war against the Romans. He quickly seized the Portus; this is the largest dockyard of Rome, enclosed by three harbours and extending to the size of a small city. In it all the public grain was stored, by ancient custom. Having easily taken the Portus, he besieged Rome by the want of grain, or by his other engines, and took it by force; and, the Romans voting for it (for Alaric allowed them this), he proclaimed Attalus their emperor. Attalus was an Ionian by race and a pagan by belief, and prefect of the city itself. After the proclamation Alaric allowed what was left of the Romans, whom famine and the eating of one another had spared, to bring food for themselves from the Portus. Then, taking Attalus and acting as his general, he marched against Honorius to Ravenna. And Attalus ordered Honorius to choose a private life and to buy the safety of his whole body by the cutting off of its extremities. But Sarus, who after Stilicho held the military command by Honorius's grant, engaged Alaric, defeated him in battle and drove him away from Ravenna. Alaric then seized the Portus and stripped Attalus of the empire: some say because he had been accused of being ill-disposed, others because Alaric intended to make a treaty with Honorius and thought he should first remove what seemed to stand in the way. After this Alaric returned to Ravenna and offered a treaty, but was rebuffed by the aforementioned Sarus, who said that a man who owed penalties for what he had dared did not deserve to be counted among friends. Thereupon Alaric, enraged, a year after his first attack on the Portus, marched against Rome as an enemy. And from then on the greatness of so great a glory and the renown of its power were shared out among foreign fire, the enemy's sword and barbarian captivity. While the city lay in ruins, Alaric plundered Campania, and there he died of disease.
Notes and citation
Summary: Stilicho's son is killed; Alaric takes the Portus, besieges Rome, sets up Attalus, deposes him, and finally sacks Rome before dying in Campania.
- A long run of lemmata from Valesius's notes (on 12.2–12.3) had leaked into the text; it is removed. Several words have lost letters in the scan (Ῥωμαίους, σώματος, Ῥαβέννης, τοσαύτης, περιώνυμον) and are translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (hyphenated word split; lemmata of Valesius's notes leaked into the text; word split by OCR): τὸν πόρτον καταλαβών Τυραννίδα προσενεγκεῖν. Τῶν μὲν τῷ Στελίχωνι τιμωρούντων. τὸ μὲν τῷ Στελίχωνι τιμωροῦντες, τὸ δέ, τοῦτο μέν, εις. Σιτοδείᾳ, ἢ ταῖς ἄλλαις μηχαναῖς. ἤ ἴσως καί, τοῦ καί, ή ῾Ὁ δὲ τὸν πόρτον καταλαβών. Εὐχέριον ἀνακηρύξειν βασιλέα. Τὸν μὲν ἐφεῖσαν. ἀποδύει → τὸν πόρτον καταλαβὼν ἀποδύει; βάρ βαροι → βάρβαροι; ἀσυ-. λίας → ἀσυλίας; και ταλαμβάνει → καταλαμβάνει; πό λεως → πόλεως.
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.3 (PG 65:607; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-3
BibTeX · RIS · CSL-JSON (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-philostorgius-historia-12-3) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.4PG 65:609
Ὁ δὲ τῆς αὐτοῦ γυναικὸς ἀδελφός βαρβαρικοῦ γὰρ γένους τοῦ Σαυροματῶν χρηματίζειν αὐτὴν, καὶ συναφθῆναι τότε τῷ ὀστρακίνῳ νει τὸν ἐκ σιδήρου τὴν γένεσιν ἕλκοντα. Οὐ τοῦτο καῖς ὁμιλίαις τῇ Πλακιδίᾳ συνείπετο τὴν γὰρ ὀστρακίνην φύσιν δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡνίκα πάλιν ᾿Αδαοῦλφος γαμιἐλπίδας τρέφων, ὡς αὐτὸς καταπολεμήσας ᾿Αδαοῦλφον τὴν Πλακιδίαν νυμφεύσαιτο. Οὐ πολὺ δὲ τὸ μέσον, καὶ πολλὰ δραματουργήσας, ἐξ ὀργῆς ᾿Αδαοῦλφος ὑπό τινος τῶν οἰκείων ἀποσφάττεται. Ἐκ τούτου τὸ βάρβαρον πρὸς Ονώριον σπένδεται, καὶ τὴν κείαν ἀδελφὴν, καὶ τὸν ῎Ατταλον τῷ βασιλεῖ παρατίθενται αὐτοὶ, σιτήσεσί τε δεξιωθέντες, καὶ μοῖράν τινα τῆς τῶν Γαλατῶν χώρας εἰς γεωργίαν ἀποκληρωσάμενοι.
Ho de tēs autou gynaikos adelphos barbarikou gar genous tou Sauromatōn chrēmatizein autēn, kai synaphthēnai tote tǭ ostrakinǭ nei ton ek sidērou tēn genesin helkonta. Ou touto kais homiliais tę̄ Plakidią syneipeto tēn gar ostrakinēn physin de monon, alla kai hēnika palin ᾿Adaoulphos gamielpidas trephōn, hōs autos katapolemēsas ᾿Adaoulphon tēn Plakidian nympheusaito. Ou poly de to meson, kai polla dramatourgēsas, ex orgēs ᾿Adaoulphos hypo tinos tōn oikeiōn aposphattetai. Ek toutou to barbaron pros Onōrion spendetai, kai tēn keian adelphēn, kai ton ᾿Attalon tǭ basilei paratithentai autoi, sitēsesi te dexiōthentes, kai moiran tina tēs tōn Galatōn chōras eis geōrgian apoklērōsamenoi.
His wife's brother … [Ataulf, married Placidia, having put away his former wife,] for he says that she was of the barbarian race of the Sarmatians; and that at that time the one whose origin is from iron was joined to the race of clay. And not only this, but also again when Ataulf joined Placidia in marriage; for the nature of clay … [Constantius …] nourishing hopes that he himself would defeat Ataulf in war and marry Placidia. Not long afterwards Ataulf, after doing many dreadful things in his anger, was slaughtered by one of his own household. After this the barbarians made a treaty with Honorius and handed over to the emperor his own sister and Attalus, while they themselves were welcomed with grain allowances and were allotted a portion of the land of the Gauls to farm.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Dan 2:41–43 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ataulf, Alaric's successor, marries Placidia, which Philostorgius sees as the union of iron and clay; after Ataulf's murder the Goths return Placidia and Attalus and receive land in Gaul.
- The beginning of this section is lost (two lines missing in the manuscript), and a further passage of about nine lines is missing in the middle, where the scan also mixes the remaining lines; the bracketed words give the sense of the missing passages and are not in the Greek. The iron and the clay allude to Dan 2:41–43, which Philostorgius applies to the Goths and the Romans.
- Some words have lost letters in the scan (οἰκείαν) and are translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by OCR): ᾿Αδαοῦλ φον → ᾿Αδαοῦλφον; παρα τίθενται → παρατίθενται.
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.4 (PG 65:609; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.5PG 65:611
Μετὰ ταῦτα δὲ καὶ ἡ Ῥώμη τῶν πολλῶν κακῶν ἀνασχοῦσα συνοικίζεται· καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτῇ παραγεγονὼς, χειρὶ καὶ γλώττῃ τὸν συνοικισμὸν ἐπεκρότει. Ὑπὲρ δὲ τοῦ βήματος ἀναβὰς, ὁ τὴν πρώτην αὐτῷ βαθμίδα τὸν Ἄτταλον διαβαίνειν ὑπετίθει δεξιᾶς χειρὸς ἀπέτεμε τοὺς δύο δακτύλους, ὧν ὁ μὲν ἀντίχειρ· ὁ δὲ λιχανὸς ἔχει τὴν κλῆσιν· καὶ εἰς Λίπαρα τὴν νῆσον τοῦτον φυγαδεύει μηδενὸς ἄλλου κακοῦ πρὸς πεῖραν καταστήσας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς εἰς τὸν βίον χρείας παρασχόμενος.
Meta tauta de kai hē Rhōmē tōn pollōn kakōn anaschousa synoikizetai; kai ho basileus autę̄ paragegonōs, cheiri kai glōttę̄ ton synoikismon epekrotei. Hyper de tou bēmatos anabas, ho tēn prōtēn autǭ bathmida ton Attalon diabainein hypetithei dexias cheiros apeteme tous dyo daktylous, hōn ho men anticheir; ho de lichanos echei tēn klēsin; kai eis Lipara tēn nēson touton phygadeuei mēdenos allou kakou pros peiran katastēsas, alla kai tas eis ton bion chreias paraschomenos.
After this Rome too, recovering from its many evils, was resettled; and the emperor, coming there, applauded the resettlement with hand and tongue. Mounting the tribunal, he made Attalus stand on its first step … he cut off two fingers of his right hand, of which one is called the thumb and the other the forefinger, and banished him to the island of Lipara, inflicting no other harm on him, but even providing what he needed for life.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Honorius celebrates the resettlement of Rome, mutilates Attalus and exiles him to Lipara.
- About two lines are missing after the first step of the tribunal. Lemmata and supplements from Valesius's notes on 12.4 (including the phrase “the nature of clay is the Roman empire, and the one from iron the race of the Goths”) had leaked into this section; they are removed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (lemmata and supplements of Valesius's notes leaked into the text; word split by OCR): και κῶν → κακῶν; τὸν Ἄτταλον διαἐπέμφθη κατ' αὐτοῦ ἐλπίδας τρέφων, όστρακίνῳ γένει ὀστρογοτθίνῳ. Τὴν γὰρ ὀστρακίνην φύσιν. τὴν γὰρ ὀστρακίνην φύσιν εἶναι τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἀρχὴν, τὴν δὲ ἐκ σιδήρου γρου τὸ τῶν Γότθων γένος, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ᾿Αδαούλφου ου τὰς πρὸς μαίους σπονδὰς διαλύσαντος, Κωνστάντιος στρατηγός ὀστρογοτοθίνῳ ὀστρογοθηκῷ. Ὁ τὴν πρώτην αὐτῷ βαθμίδα. ἀναβάς Ἡ Ρώμη συνοικίζεται. βαίνειν → τὸν Ἄτταλον διαβαίνειν.
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.5 (PG 65:611; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.6PG 65:613
Κατὰ δὲ τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους Ἰωβιανός τε ἐπανέστη, εἰς φθορὰν ἀπέσβη Καὶ Σεβαστιανὸς ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἴσοις ἐποφθαλμήσας, τὴν ἴσην ἔδωκε δίκην Ὁ Ἡρακλειανὸς, μιμησάμενος τούτους, καὶ πλέῳ τῷ τῆς τύχης γέλῳ ἐπιβὰς, εὐκλεεστέραν ἔσχε τὴν καταστροφὴν, τῆς θείας φανῶς ἐπικηρυττούσης Οὐδὲ ἀκόσμητον ἐᾷ οὐδὲ χαίρει τοῖς τυραννοῦσιν· ἀλλ᾽ οἷς ὁ κατὰ θεσμὸν βασιλεὺς ἁρμόζει, τούτῳ καὶ αὐτὴ συμπαρατάττεται
Kata de tous autous chronous Iōbianos te epanestē, eis phthoran apesbē Kai Sebastianos adelphos autou tois isois epophthalmēsas, tēn isēn edōke dikēn Ho Hērakleianos, mimēsamenos toutous, kai pleǭ tǭ tēs tychēs gelǭ epibas, eukleesteran esche tēn katastrophēn, tēs theias phanōs epikēryttousēs Oude akosmēton eą oude chairei tois tyrannousin; all᾽ hois ho kata thesmon basileus harmozei, toutǭ kai autē symparatattetai
About the same time Jovinus rose in revolt and was snuffed out in ruin; and his brother Sebastian, coveting the same, paid the same penalty. Heraclian, who imitated them and rode further on fortune's mockery, had a more notorious fall, divine [justice] plainly proclaiming that it does not leave [lawful kingship] unadorned and takes no pleasure in usurpers, but fights alongside those whom the lawful emperor suits.
Notes and citation
Summary: The usurpers Jovinus, Sebastian and Heraclian are destroyed, showing that God supports the lawful emperor.
- The usurper is printed Ἰωβιανός; he was Jovinus. Words have dropped out of the last sentence; leaked lemmata of Valesius's notes in 12.8 supply “justice” (δίκης) and “lawful kingship” (τὴν ἔννομον βασιλείαν), given in brackets.
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.6 (PG 65:613; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.7PG 65:615
Ὅτι τελευτήσαντος Αρκαδίου, διάδοχος τῆς ἑῴας ἀρχῆς κομιδῇ νέος ὢν Θεοδόσιος ὁ παῖς, ἀναδείκνυται. Συνῆν αὐτῷ καὶ Πουλχερία ἡ ἀδελφὴ, τὰς βασιλικὰς σημειώσεις ὑπηρετουμένη καὶ διευθύνουσα.
Hoti teleutēsantos Arkadiou, diadochos tēs heǭas archēs komidę̄ neos ōn Theodosios ho pais, anadeiknytai. Synēn autǭ kai Poulcheria hē adelphē, tas basilikas sēmeiōseis hypēretoumenē kai dieuthynousa.
That when Arcadius died, his son Theodosius, who was quite young, was declared successor to the eastern empire. With him was his sister Pulcheria, who handled and directed the imperial annotations.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodosius II succeeds Arcadius, with his sister Pulcheria directing the imperial business.
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.7 (PG 65:615; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.8PG 65:615
Ὅτι Θεοδοσίου τῆς τῶν μειρακίων ἡλικίας ἐπιβεβηκότος, καὶ τοῦ μηνὸς Ἰουλίου εἰς ἐννέα ἐπὶ δεκάτῃ διαβαίνοντος, περὶ ὀγδόην τῆς ἡμέρας ὥραν, ὁ ἥλιος οὕτω βαθέως ἐκλείπει, ὡς καὶ ἀστέρας ἀναλάμψαι· καὶ αὐχμὸς οὕτω τῷ πάθει συνείπετο, ὡς πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ζώων ἀσυνήθη φθορὰν πανταχοῦ φέρεσθαι. Ἐκλείποντι δὲ τῷ ἡλίῳ, φέγγος τι κατὰ τὸν οὐρανὸν συνανεφάνη, κώνου σχῆμα παραδυόμενον ὅ τινες ἐξ ἀμαθίας ἀστέρα κομήτην ἐκάλουν. Καὶ γὰρ ὧν ἐκεῖνος ἐδείκνυ, οὐδὲν ἦν κομήτας παράσημον οὔτε γὰρ τὸ φέγγος εἰς κόμην ἀπέβαινεν, οὔτε ἀστέρι ὅλως ἐῴκει· ἀλλ᾽ οἷον λύχνου τις μεγάλη φλὸξ ὑπῆρχε καθ' ἑαυτὴν ὁρωμένη, μηδενὸς ἀστέρος θρυαλλίδος αὐτῷ τινος μορφὴν ὑποτρέχοντος. Ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ τῇ κινήσει παρήλλαττε· καὶ γὰρ κινηθεὶς ὅθεν ὁ ἥλιος κατὰ ἰσημερίαν ἀνίσχει, ἐκεῖθεν τὸν κατὰ τῆς οὐρᾶς ἄρκτου τεταγμένον ἔσχατον ἀστέρα ὑπερενεγκὼν ἠρέμα προύβαινε πορευόμενος ἐπὶ δυσμάς. Ἐπεὶ δὲ διεμέτρει τὸν οὐρανὸν, ἀφανὴς ἦν, πλείους τεσσάρων νῶν ἐξανυσθείσης αὐτῷ τῆς πορείας. Ἡ δὲ κορυφή τοῦ φέγγους, νῦν μὲν εἰς μῆκος μέγα ὠξύνετο, ὡς ἐκβαίνειν τοὺς τοῦ κώνου λόγους· νῦν δὲ πρὸς τὸ ἐκείνου μέτρον συνεστέλλετο. Καὶ ἄλλα δὲ παρείχε τερατώδη θεάματα, δι᾽ ὧν τῆς τῶν συνήθων φασμάτων ἐξηλλάττετο φύσεως. Ἤρξατο δὲ ἀπὸ μέσου θέρους σχεδόν τε μέχρι τῆς τοῦ μετοπώρου τελευτῆς. Γέγονε δὲ ἄρα καὶ τοῦτο σημεῖον πολέμων μεγάλων, καὶ φθορᾶς ἀνθρώπων οὐ ῥητῆς. Τῷ δὲ ἑξῆς ἔτει ἤρξαντο σεισμοί, οὐ ῥᾴους ὄντες τοῖς προλαβοῦσι ραβαλεῖν. Τοῖς δὲ σεισμοῖς καὶ πῦρ οὐρανόθεν συγκαταῤῥηγνύμενον, πᾶσαν ἐλπίδα σωτηρίας περιέκοπτε πλήν γε φθορὰν ἀνθρώπων οὐκ ἐνειργάσατο. ᾿Αλλ' ἡ θεία εὐμένεια πνεῦμα σφοδρὸν καθιεῖσα, καὶ τὸ πῦρ πανταχόθεν περιελάσασα, κατὰ τῆς θαλάσσης ἀπέρριψε. Καὶ ἦν ἰδεῖν ξένην θέαν, τῶν κυμάτων ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ὥσπερ τινῶν λασίων χωρίων τῷ πυρὶ καταφλεγομένων, ἄχρι τελείως τὸ φλέγον ἐναπέσβη τῷ πελάγει.
Hoti Theodosiou tēs tōn meirakiōn hēlikias epibebēkotos, kai tou mēnos Iouliou eis ennea epi dekatę̄ diabainontos, peri ogdoēn tēs hēmeras hōran, ho hēlios houtō batheōs ekleipei, hōs kai asteras analampsai; kai auchmos houtō tǭ pathei syneipeto, hōs pollōn anthrōpōn kai tōn allōn zōōn asynēthē phthoran pantachou pheresthai. Ekleiponti de tǭ hēliǭ, phengos ti kata ton ouranon synanephanē, kōnou schēma paradyomenon ho tines ex amathias astera komētēn ekaloun. Kai gar hōn ekeinos edeikny, ouden ēn komētas parasēmon oute gar to phengos eis komēn apebainen, oute asteri holōs eǭkei; all᾽ hoion lychnou tis megalē phlox hypērche kath' heautēn horōmenē, mēdenos asteros thryallidos autǭ tinos morphēn hypotrechontos. Alla gar kai tę̄ kinēsei parēllatte; kai gar kinētheis hothen ho hēlios kata isēmerian anischei, ekeithen ton kata tēs ouras arktou tetagmenon eschaton astera hyperenenkōn ērema proubaine poreuomenos epi dysmas. Epei de diemetrei ton ouranon, aphanēs ēn, pleious tessarōn nōn exanystheisēs autǭ tēs poreias. Hē de koryphē tou phengous, nyn men eis mēkos mega ōxyneto, hōs ekbainein tous tou kōnou logous; nyn de pros to ekeinou metron synestelleto. Kai alla de pareiche teratōdē theamata, di᾽ hōn tēs tōn synēthōn phasmatōn exēllatteto physeōs. Ērxato de apo mesou therous schedon te mechri tēs tou metopōrou teleutēs. Gegone de ara kai touto sēmeion polemōn megalōn, kai phthoras anthrōpōn ou rhētēs. Tǭ de hexēs etei ērxanto seismoi, ou rhąous ontes tois prolabousi rabalein. Tois de seismois kai pyr ouranothen synkatarrhēgnymenon, pasan elpida sōtērias periekopte plēn ge phthoran anthrōpōn ouk eneirgasato. ᾿All' hē theia eumeneia pneuma sphodron kathieisa, kai to pyr pantachothen perielasasa, kata tēs thalassēs aperripse. Kai ēn idein xenēn thean, tōn kymatōn epi pleiston hōsper tinōn lasiōn chōriōn tǭ pyri kataphlegomenōn, achri teleiōs to phlegon enapesbē tǭ pelagei.
That when Theodosius had reached the age of youth, as the month of July was passing into its nineteenth day, about the eighth hour of the day, the sun was so deeply eclipsed that stars shone out; and such a drought followed the event that an unusual destruction of many people and other living creatures took place everywhere. While the sun was eclipsed, a light appeared in the sky as well, shaped like a cone, which some in their ignorance called a comet. But nothing it showed was a mark of a comet: its light did not end in a tail, nor was it like a star at all, but it was like a great flame of a lamp seen by itself, with no star beneath it in the shape of a wick. It differed in its movement too: starting from where the sun rises at the equinox, it passed beyond the last star set in the Bear's tail and went on slowly toward the west. When it had crossed the sky it disappeared, its course having lasted more than four months. The tip of the light at times sharpened to a great length, so as to go beyond the proportions of a cone, and at times drew back to its measure. It presented other portentous sights too, by which it differed from the nature of ordinary apparitions. It began about midsummer and lasted almost to the end of autumn. This too proved to be a sign of great wars and unspeakable destruction of people. In the following year earthquakes began, not easy to compare with those before them. With the earthquakes, fire too broke down from heaven and cut off all hope of safety, but it caused no loss of human life. For the divine kindness sent a violent wind, drove the fire together from every side, and hurled it into the sea. And one could see a strange sight: the waves, over a very wide area, burning with fire like thickly wooded country, until the blaze was completely quenched in the sea.
Notes and citation
Summary: The eclipse of 418, a cone-shaped light in the sky, and the earthquakes and fire from heaven that followed.
- A long run of lemmata from Valesius's notes (on 12.6–12.8) had leaked into the description of the light's course; it is removed. Some words have lost letters (μηνῶν, παραβαλεῖν) and are translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (lemmata of Valesius's notes leaked into the text; stray column letter of the printed page; word split by OCR): ἠρέμα ἐπικηρυττούσης, προνοίας, δίκης. Οὐδὲ ἀκόσμητον ἐᾷ. ὅτι τὴν ἔννομον βασιλείαν οὐδὲ, εἰς. Τούτῳ καὶ αὐτὴ συμπαρατάττεται. Αὐχμὸς οὕτω τῷ πάθει. αὐχμὸς τοσοῦτος τῷ πάθει συνείπετο, Κώνου σχῆμα παραδυόμενον. Οὐδὲν ἦν κομήτας παράσημον. κομήτης, οὐδὲν ἦν κομήταις παραπλήσιον. Θρυαλλίδος αὐτῷ τινος μορφήν. φλῶμος. Φλῶμος, βοτάνη ᾗ καὶ ἀντὶ ἐλλυχνίου χρῶνται, Φλῶμος, πόα τις ᾗ καὶ ἀντὶ ἐλλυχνίου χρῶνται. Ἡ αὐτὴ δὲ καὶ θρυαλλίς. Θεοδοσίου τῆς τῶν μειρακίων ἡλικίας. προύβαινε → ἠρέμα προύβαινε; θέ ρους → θέρους; καὶ τὸ Β πῦρ → καὶ τὸ πῦρ.
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.8 (PG 65:615; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.9PG 65:617
Ὅτι κατὰ πολλοὺς τόπους τῶν σεισμῶν γενομένων, ὤφθησαν ὀροφαὶ οἰκιῶν ἀπ᾿ ἀλλήλων μετὰ μεγάλων πατάγων καὶ ἀῤῥαγμῶν διαστᾶσαι, ὡς καὶ τοὺς ἔνδον παρατυχόντας καθαρῶς τῇ ὄψει τὸν οὐρανὸν ὑποβάλλειν. Καὶ μετὰ τὴν τοσαύτην διάστασιν, οὕτω πάλιν ἁρμοθεῖσαί τε καὶ συναφθεῖσαι, ὡς δεμίαν αἴσθησιν τοῦ νεωτερισθέντος μηδενὶ παρασχεῖν. Τὸ αὐτὸ δὲ τοῦτο πάθος, καὶ περὶ τὰ ἐδάφη πολλαχοῦ συνηνέχθη. Καὶ γὰρ σιτοβόλων τοὺς κάτωθεν οἰκοῦντας ἀπέπνιξαν, τὸν σἴτον αὐτοῖς ἀθρόον ἐπιχεάμενοι διὰ τῶν πάλων καὶ πάλιν οὕτω παρέσχον τὸ ἔδαφος ἡρμοσμένον, ὡς ἐξαπορεῖν ἅπαντας πόθεν ὁ φονεὺς ἀπεῤῥύη σἴτος. Καὶ ἄλλα δὲ τοιουτότροπα πάθη τηνικαῦτα ἐνεωχμώθη, δεικνύντα μὴ φυσικῇ τινι ταῦτα προελθεῖν ἀκολουθίᾳ, ὡς Ἑλλήνων παῖδες ληροῦσιν, ἀλλὰ θείας ἀγανακτήσεως στιγας ἐπαφεθῆναι.
Hoti kata pollous topous tōn seismōn genomenōn, ōphthēsan orophai oikiōn ap᾿ allēlōn meta megalōn patagōn kai arrhagmōn diastasai, hōs kai tous endon paratychontas katharōs tę̄ opsei ton ouranon hypoballein. Kai meta tēn tosautēn diastasin, houtō palin harmotheisai te kai synaphtheisai, hōs demian aisthēsin tou neōteristhentos mēdeni paraschein. To auto de touto pathos, kai peri ta edaphē pollachou synēnechthē. Kai gar sitobolōn tous katōthen oikountas apepnixan, ton siton autois athroon epicheamenoi dia tōn palōn kai palin houtō pareschon to edaphos hērmosmenon, hōs exaporein hapantas pothen ho phoneus aperrhyē sitos. Kai alla de toioutotropa pathē tēnikauta eneōchmōthē, deiknynta mē physikę̄ tini tauta proelthein akolouthią, hōs Hellēnōn paides lērousin, alla theias aganaktēseōs stigas epaphethēnai.
That when earthquakes took place in many places, the roofs of houses were seen to part from one another with great crashes and cracking, so that those who happened to be inside could see the sky clearly; and after so great a parting, they were fitted and joined together again in such a way as to give no one any sign of what had happened. The same thing happened in many places to floors as well. For granaries suffocated those living beneath them, pouring their grain on them all at once through the openings, and then left the floor fitted together again, so that everyone was at a loss to know where the murderous grain had poured from. Other such things too were done in that time, showing that these things did not come about by some natural sequence, as the children of the Greeks babble, but were sent down as scourges of divine indignation.
Notes and citation
Summary: Strange effects of the earthquakes, which Philostorgius takes as signs of divine anger rather than natural events.
- A leaked lemma (Διὰ τῶν πάλων. διὰ τῶν πάτων.) is removed. Some words have lost letters (μηδεμίαν, μάστιγας) and are translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (a lemma of Valesius's notes leaked into the text; missing full stop): σἴτος Καὶ ἄλλα → σἴτος. Καὶ ἄλλα; Διὰ τῶν πάλων. διὰ τῶν πάτων. → .
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.9 (PG 65:617; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.10PG 65:619
Ὅτι διαφόροις ἐπιχειρήμασι κατασκευάζειν πειρᾶται, τοὺς σεισμοὺς μήτε διὰ πλημμύραν ὑδάτων συνίστασθαι, μήτε πνευμάτων ἐναπολαμβανομένων τοῖς κόλποις τῆς γῆς· ἀλλὰ μηδὲ γῆς τινος ὅλως παρεγκλίσει μόνῃ δὲ τῇ θείᾳ γνώμῃ, πρὸς ἐπιστροφὴν καὶ διόρθωσιν τῶν ἁμαρτανομένων. Καὶ ταῦτά φησιν ἰσχυριζόμενον λέγειν, διότι τὰ τηλικαῦτα πάθη μὴ δύναται μηδέτερον τῶν εἰρημένων στοιχείων κατὰ φυσικὴν ἀποτελεῖν δύναμιν. Ἐπεὶ Θεοῦ γε βουληθέντος, καὶ ψεκὰς ἡ σμικροτάτη προσπεσοῦσα καὶ νιφὰς ἡ κουφοτάτη, τὸν Ὄλυμπον τῆς Μακεδονίας, ἤ τι ἄλλο τῶν μεγίστων ὀρῶν κινήσειεν ἂν ῥᾳδίως. Ἐπεὶ καὶ φαίνεται πολλάκις τὸ Θεῖον ἐπὶ παιδείᾳ τῶν θρώπων, τούτοις χρώμενον. Τήν τε γὰρ Ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν, ῥᾷον ὂν ἀθρόον διαστῆσαι, νότῳ βιαίῳ πρότερον μαστιγώσας καὶ συνωθίσας, οὕτω διέστησεν, τῇ τοῦ νότου φύσει μηδεμιᾶς δυνάμεως τοιαύτης ἐγκαθιδρυμένης, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἄνωθεν ῥοπῆς ὑπερφυῶς αὐτῷ χρησαμένης πρὸς τὸ οἰκεῖον βούλημα. Καὶ 6δος δὲ πηγὰς ἐκ πέτρας ναμάτων πλήττουσα προχέει· καὶ Ἰορδάνου ῥεῖθρα καθαίρουσι λέπραν, οὐ τῆς φύσεως αὐτῶν ταῦτα δρᾶν ἐνδυναμούσης, τοῦ δὲ πλάστου μεταπλάττειν ἕκαστον τῶν δημιουργημάτων πρὸς ἣν ἂν ἐθέλοι χρείαν, πολλὴν καὶ ἀκώλυτον ἔχοντος τὴν ἐξουσίαν.
Hoti diaphorois epicheirēmasi kataskeuazein peiratai, tous seismous mēte dia plēmmyran hydatōn synistasthai, mēte pneumatōn enapolambanomenōn tois kolpois tēs gēs; alla mēde gēs tinos holōs parenklisei monę̄ de tę̄ theią gnōmę̄, pros epistrophēn kai diorthōsin tōn hamartanomenōn. Kai tauta phēsin ischyrizomenon legein, dioti ta tēlikauta pathē mē dynatai mēdeteron tōn eirēmenōn stoicheiōn kata physikēn apotelein dynamin. Epei Theou ge boulēthentos, kai psekas hē smikrotatē prospesousa kai niphas hē kouphotatē, ton Olympon tēs Makedonias, ē ti allo tōn megistōn orōn kinēseien an rhądiōs. Epei kai phainetai pollakis to Theion epi paideią tōn thrōpōn, toutois chrōmenon. Tēn te gar Erythran thalassan, rhąon on athroon diastēsai, notǭ biaiǭ proteron mastigōsas kai synōthisas, houtō diestēsen, tę̄ tou notou physei mēdemias dynameōs toiautēs enkathidrymenēs, alla tēs anōthen rhopēs hyperphyōs autǭ chrēsamenēs pros to oikeion boulēma. Kai 6dos de pēgas ek petras namatōn plēttousa procheei; kai Iordanou rheithra kathairousi lepran, ou tēs physeōs autōn tauta dran endynamousēs, tou de plastou metaplattein hekaston tōn dēmiourgēmatōn pros hēn an etheloi chreian, pollēn kai akōlyton echontos tēn exousian.
That he tries by various arguments to show that earthquakes arise neither from a flood of waters, nor from winds shut up in the hollows of the earth, nor from any sinking of the earth at all, but by the divine will alone, for the conversion and correction of sins. And he says he insists on this because none of the elements mentioned can produce such great effects by natural power; whereas if God wills it, even the smallest drop of rain falling, or the lightest snowflake, could easily move Olympus in Macedonia or any other of the greatest mountains. For the Divinity is often seen using these things for the training of human beings. Though it would have been easier to part the Red Sea all at once, he first lashed it with a violent south wind and drove it together, and so parted it, though no such power is set in the nature of the south wind; but the influence from above used it supernaturally for its own purpose. A rod, too, strikes and pours out springs of water from a rock; and the streams of the Jordan cleanse leprosy, not because their nature gives them the power to do this, but because the Creator has great and unhindered authority to refashion each of his works for whatever use he wishes.
Exod 14:21 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 17:6 (allusion, high confidence) · 2 Kgs 5:14 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Philostorgius argues that earthquakes come from God's will alone, citing the Red Sea, the water from the rock and Naaman's cleansing.
- The south wind is that of Exod 14:21 in the Greek (LXX “a violent south wind”); the rock, Exod 17:6; the Jordan, 2 Kgs 5:14.
- Some words have lost letters (ῥάβδος, ἀνθρώπων) and are translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by OCR): ὑδά των → ὑδάτων; ἐναπολαμβανομέ νων → ἐναπολαμβανομένων; ἄλ λο → ἄλλο; προ χέει → προχέει.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.10 (PG 65:619; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.11PG 65:619
"Ὅτι μετὰ θάνατον Εὐδοξίου, ὃς τῆς ἐν Κωνσταντινουπόλει Εὐνομιανῆς συναγωγῆς ὑπ ἦρχε Λουκιανὸς ἀντικαθίσταται, παῖς ὧν ἀδελφῆς Εὐνομίου. Τοῦτον δή φασιν εἰς φιλαργυρίαν τε καὶ τὰ συγγενῆ κατολισθήσαντα πάθη, καὶ τὴν ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς ὑφορώμενον δίκην, ἀποσχίσαι μὲν τῆς ἄλλης Εὐνομιανῶν μοίρας· ἰδίας δὲ συμμορίας ἀρχηγὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀναδεῖξαι, καὶ συντάγματος οὐκ εὐκαταφρονήτου ξαι· πάντων τῶν ἐπιῤῥήτων τε καὶ ποικίλοις πάθεσι καθωπλισμένων πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀπεῤῥυηκότων.
"Hoti meta thanaton Eudoxiou, hos tēs en Kōnstantinoupolei Eunomianēs synagōgēs hyp ērche Loukianos antikathistatai, pais hōn adelphēs Eunomiou. Touton dē phasin eis philargyrian te kai ta syngenē katolisthēsanta pathē, kai tēn ep᾿ autēs hyphorōmenon dikēn, aposchisai men tēs allēs Eunomianōn moiras; idias de symmorias archēgon heauton anadeixai, kai syntagmatos ouk eukataphronētou xai; pantōn tōn epirrhētōn te kai poikilois pathesi kathōplismenōn pros auton aperrhyēkotōn.
That after the death of Eudoxius, who presided over the Eunomian congregation in Constantinople, Lucian, the son of Eunomius's sister, was appointed in his place. They say that he slid into avarice and the vices akin to it and, fearing the punishment for it, broke away from the rest of the Eunomian party, made himself head of a group of his own, and led a following not to be despised, since all those of evil repute and armed with various vices flowed away to him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lucian, Eunomius's nephew, leads the Eunomians of Constantinople and then forms his own splinter group.
- The word for “led” has lost letters in the scan (ξαι).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (words run together by OCR): Λουκιανὸςἀντικαθίσταται → Λουκιανὸς ἀντικαθίσταται.
Topics: Heresy, Church office
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.11 (PG 65:619; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.12PG 65:619
Ὅτι Ονώριος ὁ βασιλεὺς Κωνστάντιον τὸν στρατηγὸν κατὰ τιμὴν τοῦ κήδους εἰς τὸ τῆς βασιλείας προσλαμβάνεται σκῆπτρον· ἤδη καὶ παῖδα Οὐαλεντινιανὸν τῆς Πλακιδίας αὐτῷ γειναμένης· ᾧ καὶ τὴν τοῦ ἐπιφανεστάτου περιῆψεν ὁ Ονώριος ἀξίαν. Αἱ δὲ τοῦ Κωνσταντίου εἰκόνες, ὡς ἔθος ἦν τοῖς ἄρτι παρελθοῦσιν εἰς βασιλείαν πράττειν, ἀναπέμπονται πρὸς τὴν ἑῴαν. ᾿Αλλ' ὅ γε Θεοδόσιος οὐκ ἀρεσκόμενος τῇ ἀναῤῥήσει, οὐ προσίετο ταύτας. Καὶ δὴ Κωνσταντίῳ παρασκευαζομένῳ διὰ τὴν ὕβριν ἐπὶ ᾿πόλεμον, καὶ τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τῶν φροντίδων ἐπιστὰς ὁ θάνατος τὴν ἀπαλλαγὴν παρέχει, βασιλεύσαντι νας ἕξ.
Hoti Onōrios ho basileus Kōnstantion ton stratēgon kata timēn tou kēdous eis to tēs basileias proslambanetai skēptron; ēdē kai paida Oualentinianon tēs Plakidias autǭ geinamenēs; hǭ kai tēn tou epiphanestatou periēpsen ho Onōrios axian. Hai de tou Kōnstantiou eikones, hōs ethos ēn tois arti parelthousin eis basileian prattein, anapempontai pros tēn heǭan. ᾿All' ho ge Theodosios ouk areskomenos tę̄ anarrhēsei, ou prosieto tautas. Kai dē Kōnstantiǭ paraskeuazomenǭ dia tēn hybrin epi ᾿polemon, kai tēs zōēs kai tōn phrontidōn epistas ho thanatos tēn apallagēn parechei, basileusanti nas hex.
That the emperor Honorius, in honour of their marriage connection, took the general Constantius as a partner in the sceptre of empire, Placidia having already borne him a son, Valentinian, on whom Honorius also conferred the dignity of nobilissimus. Constantius's images, as was the custom for those who had just come to the throne, were sent to the East. But Theodosius, not pleased with the proclamation, would not receive them. And when Constantius was preparing for war because of the insult, death came upon him and released him from life and from his cares, after he had reigned six months.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantius III becomes co-emperor, is refused recognition by Theodosius II, and dies after six months.
- The word for “months” has lost letters in the scan (μῆνας).
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.12 (PG 65:619; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.13PG 65:619
Ὅτι ἐν ὑπατείᾳ τοῦ βασιλέως Θεοδοσίου τὸ δέκατον, καὶ Ονωρίου τὸ τρισκαιδέκατον, αὐτὸς Ὁνώριος ὑδέρῳ τελευτᾷ. Καὶ Ἰωάννης τυραννίδι ἐπιθέμενος, διαπρεσβεύεται πρὸς Θεοδόσιον· ἀπράκτου δὲ τῆς πρεσβείας γεγενημένης, καὶ οἱ πρέσβεις ὑβρισθέντες, ἄλλος ἀλλαχῆ κατὰ τὴν Προποντίδα φυγῇ προετιμήθησαν. Τὴν μέντοι Πλακιδίαν καὶ τὸν τρίτον Οὐαλεντινιανὸν (μετὰ γὰρ Κωνσταντίνου θάνατον, πρὸς τὸ Βυζάντιον ἀνεκομίσθησαν) ἀποστέλλει πρὸς Θεσσαλονίκην Θεοδόσιος. Κἀκεῖ τὴν τοῦ Καίσαρος ἀξίαν τῷ ἀνεψιῷ παρατίθησιν ᾿Αρδαβουρίῳ τῷ στρατηγῷ, καὶ τῷ τούτου υἱῷ ῎Ασπαρι τὴν κατὰ τοῦ τυράννου στρατηγίαν ἐγχειρίσας. Οἳ δὴ καὶ συνεπαγόμενοι Πλακιδίαν τε καὶ Οὐαλεντινιανὸν, καὶ τούς τε Παίονας καὶ τοὺς Ἰλλυριοὺς διελάσαντες, τὰς Σάλωνας, πόλιν τῆς Δαλματίας, ἀναιροῦσι κατὰ κράτος Ἐντεῦθεν ὁ μὲν᾿ Αρδαβούριος νηΐτῃ στόλῳ κατὰ τοῦ τυράννου χωρεῖ. Ὁ δὲ ῎Ασπαρ τὴν ἱππικὴν δύναμιν συλλαβῶν, καὶ τῷ τάχει τῆς ἐφόδου κλέψας τὰς αἰσθήσεις, τῆς ᾿Ακυληΐας μεγάλης πόλεως έγκρατὴς γίνεται, συνόντων αὐτῷ Οὐαλεντινιανοῦ καὶ Πλακιδίας. ᾿Αλλ᾽ ὁ μὲν οὕτω τὴν μεγάλην ἀταλαιπώρως παρεστήσατο. Τὸν δὲ ᾿Αρδαβούριον βίαιον ἀπολαβὸν πνεῦμα, σὺν δυσὶν ἑτέραις τριήρεσιν εἰς χεῖρας ἄγει τοῦ τυράννου. Ὁ δὲ πρὸς σπονδὰς ἀφορῶν, φιλανθρώπως ἐκέχρητο τῷ ᾿Αρδαβουρίῳ. Καὶ πολλῆς οὗτος ἀπολαύων τῆς ἀδείας, τοὺς ἀποστρατήγους τοῦ τυράννου ἤδη καὶ αὐτοὺς ὑποκεκινημένους, τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν κρατύνει τὴν κατὰ τοῦ τυράννου· καὶ μαίνει ῎Ασπαρι τῷ παιδὶ παραγενέσθαι, ὡς ἐφ᾿ ἑτοίμῳ τῷ κατορθώματι. Τοῦ δὲ θᾶττον σὺν τῷ ἱππότῃ στρατῷ παραγεγονότος, καὶ μάχης τινὸς συῤῥαγείσης, συλλαμβάνεται ὁ Ἰωάννης τῇ τῶν ἀμφ᾿ αὐτὸν προδοσίᾳ, καὶ πρὸς Πλακιδίαν καὶ Οὐαλεντινιανὸν εἰς ᾿Ακυληΐαν ἐκπέμπεται· κἀκεῖ τὴν δεξιὰν προδιατμηθεὶς εἶτα καὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἀποτέμνεται, ἕνα τυραννήσας ἐπὶ τῷ ἡμίσει ἐνιαυτόν. Τότε καὶ βασιλέα ὁ Θεοδόσιος τὸν Οὐαλεντινιανὸν ἀποστείλας ἀναγορεύει.
Hoti en hypateią tou basileōs Theodosiou to dekaton, kai Onōriou to triskaidekaton, autos Honōrios hyderǭ teleutą. Kai Iōannēs tyrannidi epithemenos, diapresbeuetai pros Theodosion; apraktou de tēs presbeias gegenēmenēs, kai hoi presbeis hybristhentes, allos allachē kata tēn Propontida phygę̄ proetimēthēsan. Tēn mentoi Plakidian kai ton triton Oualentinianon (meta gar Kōnstantinou thanaton, pros to Byzantion anekomisthēsan) apostellei pros Thessalonikēn Theodosios. Kakei tēn tou Kaisaros axian tǭ anepsiǭ paratithēsin ᾿Ardabouriǭ tǭ stratēgǭ, kai tǭ toutou huiǭ ᾿Aspari tēn kata tou tyrannou stratēgian encheirisas. Hoi dē kai synepagomenoi Plakidian te kai Oualentinianon, kai tous te Paionas kai tous Illyrious dielasantes, tas Salōnas, polin tēs Dalmatias, anairousi kata kratos Enteuthen ho men᾿ Ardabourios nēïtę̄ stolǭ kata tou tyrannou chōrei. Ho de ᾿Aspar tēn hippikēn dynamin syllabōn, kai tǭ tachei tēs ephodou klepsas tas aisthēseis, tēs ᾿Akylēïas megalēs poleōs enkratēs ginetai, synontōn autǭ Oualentinianou kai Plakidias. ᾿All᾽ ho men houtō tēn megalēn atalaipōrōs parestēsato. Ton de ᾿Ardabourion biaion apolabon pneuma, syn dysin heterais triēresin eis cheiras agei tou tyrannou. Ho de pros spondas aphorōn, philanthrōpōs ekechrēto tǭ ᾿Ardabouriǭ. Kai pollēs houtos apolauōn tēs adeias, tous apostratēgous tou tyrannou ēdē kai autous hypokekinēmenous, tēn epiboulēn kratynei tēn kata tou tyrannou; kai mainei ᾿Aspari tǭ paidi paragenesthai, hōs eph᾿ hetoimǭ tǭ katorthōmati. Tou de thatton syn tǭ hippotę̄ stratǭ paragegonotos, kai machēs tinos syrrhageisēs, syllambanetai ho Iōannēs tę̄ tōn amph᾿ auton prodosią, kai pros Plakidian kai Oualentinianon eis ᾿Akylēïan ekpempetai; kakei tēn dexian prodiatmētheis eita kai tēs kephalēs apotemnetai, hena tyrannēsas epi tǭ hēmisei eniauton. Tote kai basilea ho Theodosios ton Oualentinianon aposteilas anagoreuei.
That in the tenth consulship of the emperor Theodosius and the thirteenth of Honorius, Honorius himself died of dropsy. John, having seized power as usurper, sent an embassy to Theodosius; but the embassy achieved nothing, and the envoys were insulted and punished with exile, one here and another there about the Propontis. Theodosius sent Placidia and the third Valentinian (for after Constantine's death they had been brought to Byzantium) to Thessalonica, and there conferred the dignity of Caesar on his cousin, entrusting the command against the usurper to the general Ardaburius and his son Aspar. They took Placidia and Valentinian with them, passed through Pannonia and Illyricum, and took Salona, a city of Dalmatia, by storm. From there Ardaburius advanced against the usurper with a fleet, while Aspar took the cavalry and, stealing a march by the speed of his attack, made himself master of the great city of Aquileia, Valentinian and Placidia being with him. So he won the great city without hardship. But a violent wind caught Ardaburius and brought him with two other triremes into the hands of the usurper. The usurper, looking toward a treaty, treated Ardaburius kindly; and he, enjoying much freedom, strengthened the plot against the usurper among the usurper's generals, who were already wavering themselves, and sent word to his son Aspar to come, as if success were at hand. Aspar quickly arrived with the cavalry, a battle broke out, and John was taken through the treachery of those about him and sent to Placidia and Valentinian at Aquileia; there his right hand was cut off first, and then he was beheaded, having been usurper for a year and a half. Then Theodosius sent Valentinian and proclaimed him emperor.
Notes and citation
Summary: After Honorius's death the usurper John is overthrown by Ardaburius and Aspar, and Valentinian III is made emperor.
- “After Constantine's death” is as printed; the death meant is that of Constantius III (12.12). The word for “sent word” has lost letters in the scan (σημαίνει).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by OCR): Ὁνώ ριος → Ὁνώριος; ἐπιθέ μενος → ἐπιθέμενος.
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.13 (PG 65:619; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).
12.14PG 65:621
Ὅτι ᾿Αέτιος ὁ ὑποστράτηγος Ἰωάννου τοῦ ράννου, μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας τῆς ἐκείνου τελευτῆς, βαρβάρους ἄγων μισθωτοὺς εἰς χιλιάδας παραγίνεται· καὶ συμπλοκῆς αὐτοῦ τε καὶ τῶν περὶ τὸν ῎Ασπαρα γεγενημένης, φόνος έκατέρωθεν ἐῤῥύη λύς. Ἔπειτα σπονδὰς ὁ ᾿Αέτιος τίθεται πρὸς Πλακιδίαν καὶ Οὐαλεντινιανὸν, καὶ τὴν τοῦ κόμητος ἀξίαν λαμβάνει καὶ οἱ βάρβαροι χρυσίῳ καταθέμενοι τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὰ ὅπλα, ὁμήρους τε δόντες, καὶ τὰ πιστὰ λαβόντες, εἰς τὰ οἰκεῖα ἤθη ἀπεχώρησαν. Τέλος τῶν ἐκλογῶν τοῦ παρόντος βιβλίου τῆς Ἐκκλησιαστικῆς Ἱστορίας Φιλοστοργίου. Τούτου Φλέγωνός φησι Φιλοστόργιος Ἴουστον τὰ κατὰ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους συμπεσόντα διὰ πλείονος ἐπεξελθεῖν τοῦ πλάτους· Φλέγωνος καὶ Δίωνος βραχέως ἐπιμνησθέντων, καὶ παρενθήκην αὐτὰ τοῦ ἰδίου λόγου ποιησαμένων. Ἐπεὶ τῶν γε εἰς εὐσέβειαν καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἀρετὴν ἑλκόντων, οὐδ᾽ ὁτιοῦν οὐδ᾽ οὗτος δείκνυται πεφροντικὼς, ὄνπερ οὐδ᾽ ἐκεῖνοι τρόπον. Τουναντίον μὲν οὖν ὁ Ἰώσηπος, καὶ δεδοικότι ἔοικε καὶ εὐλαβουμένῳ ὡς μὴ προσκρούσειεν Ἕλλησι. Ἐν τεραστίοις δὲ καὶ βίῳ Εὐσέβιον τῆς Νικομηδείας, ὃν καὶ μέγαν ἀποκαλεῖ, καὶ Θεόφιλον τὸν Ἰνδὸν καὶ ἄλλους πλείονας ἐξαίρει. Ἐξαίρει δὲ ἐν μὲν λόγοις μάλιστα ᾿Αέτιον καὶ Εὐνόμιον, μόνους ἀνακαθάραι τὰ τῆς εὐσεβείας δόγματα τῷ χρόνῳ συγκεχωσμένα τερατευόμενος. Κατηγορεῖ δὲ ᾿Ακακίου μάλιστα τοῦ Καισαρείας τῆς κατὰ Παλαιστίνην ἐπισκοπήσαντος δεινότητά τε ἀνυπέρβλητον καὶ κακουργίαν ἄμαχον, μεθ' ὧν καὶ πάντων φησὶ κατισχύσαι τῶν τε ὁμοφρόνων δοκούντων, εἰς ἔχθραν δέ τινα καταστάντων, καὶ τῶν τἀναντία θρησκευόντων. Ἱστορεῖ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ᾿Αρείου περὶ τὴν αἵρεσιν σπουδῆς τε καὶ κατάρξεως, μέχρι τῆς ᾿Αετίου τοῦ δυσσεβεστάτου ἀνακλήσεως. Οὗτος δὲ ὁ ᾿Αέτιος παρ' αὐτῶν μὲν τῶν συναιρεσιωτῶν, διὰ τὸ κἀκείνους ὑπερβάλλεσθαι τῇ δυσσεβείᾳ, ὡς αὐτὸς οὗτος καὶ μὴ βουλόμενος ἱστορεῖ, τῆς διακονίας καθῃρέθη ὑπὸ δὲ τοῦ δυσσεβεστάτου Ἰουλιανοῦ ἀνεκλήθη τε καὶ φιλοφρόνως ἐδεξιώθη. Βασιλείου δὲ τοῦ μεγάλου ἐπεχείρησεν ὑφᾶναι μον, οὗ λαμπρότερον ἔδειξε. Τὴν μὲν γὰρ ἰσχὺν καὶ τὸ κάλλος τῆς ἐν τοῖς πανηγύρεσιν ὁμιλίας ὑπ᾿ αὐτῆς τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων ἐνεργείας ἐβιάσθη συμφθέγξασθαι· θρασὺν δ᾽ αὐτὸν ὁ δείλαιος ἀποκαλεῖ, καὶ ἀντιλογικῶν λόγων ἄπειρον, ὅτι, φησὶν, ἀπετόλμησεν Εὐνομίου ταῖς συγγραφαῖς ἀντιτάξασθαι. Τὸν τοιοῦτον Λεόντιον προσεταιρίζεται ὁ κακόφρων Φιλοστόργιος ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ ἀντὶ τοῦ, ὡς ὁμόφρονα τῆς ᾿Αρειανικῆς αὐτοῦ κακοφροσύνης. Περὶ ἀρχαιολογίας ἀπὸ τῆς ἱστορίας Φιλοστοργίου. ἐσχάτοις τῆς Παλαιστίνης τέρμασι, μεθ᾽ ἣν ἡ τῶν Φοινίκων ἐκδέχεται, κεῖται πόλις Δὰν ὀνομασθεῖσα πρότερον ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Δὰν φυλῆς, ὁπηνίκα χρόνον ἐπ᾿ οὐκ ὀλίγον οὗτοι δὴ μόνοι τοῦ παντὸς ἔθνους πλανώμενοι, τελευταῖον τὰ ταύτῃ κατασχόντες ρία, μόγις ἱδρύνθησαν, καὶ πόλιν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄκροις αὐτῶν ὄρεσι δειμάμενοι, τὴν τοῦ Φυλάρχου σφῶν ἐπέθηκαν κλῆσιν. Καὶ τοῦτο ἦν τῆς Ἰουδαίας ὁ ἔσχατος πρὸς Φοινίκην ὄρος. Ταύτην χρόνῳ ὕστερον Ἡρώδης ὁ μέγας οἰκοδομήσας, Καισάρειαν Φιλίππου μετωνόμασε· νῦν δὲ Πανεάς ἐστι καλουμένη. Τὸ γὰρ Πανὸς ἐν ταύτῃ βρέτας στησάμενοι, εἰς τοῦτο τὴν τῆς λεως ἔτρεψαν προσηγορίαν. Ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ Πανεάδι τῶν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου πηγῶν ἡ ἑτέρα τίκτεται, δυοῖν αὐσῶν, Δὰν ἐκ τοῦ παλαιοῦ ὀνόματος ἔτι καὶ νῦν ὀνομαζομένη· τὴν γὰρ ἐτέραν, ἥτις Ἰδρ ἐπικαλεῖται, πόρῥωθεν αὐτῆς ὡς ἀπὸ σταδίων κολωνός τις τοῦ τοῦ προΐησιν ὄρους. Ὧν ἐξ ἑκατέρας προχεῖται ποταμὸς, ὁ μὲν Ἰοράτης, ὁ δὲ Δανίτης ἐπικαλούμενος· οἳ διὰ τοῦ ὄρους ἐνεχθέντες ἐπειδὴ καταβαῖεν εἰς τὸ πεδίον, ἐνταῦθα ἤδη ξυνίασιν, καὶ ἕνα μέγιστον ἀποτελοῦσι ποταμὸν, τὸν Ἰορδάνην. Ἐν ταυτῷ ἤδη τὸ τε ῥεῦμα καὶ τὴν προσηγορίαν κιρνάμενος, τὴν τῆς Τιβεριάδος διέξεισι λίμνην, μέσην τέμνων αὐτὴν, καὶ δι᾿ ὅλης αὐτῆς ἐν τῷ οἰκείῳ ὁλκῷ ῥεόμενος μέχρις ἂν ἐπὶ τὴν κατέναντι ἐκπεράσειε γῆν, ἴσος αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ καὶ παραπλήσιος ὧν κάντεῦθεν ἤδη διὰ τῆς Παλαιστίνης ἐνεχθεὶς, ἅπας εἰς τὴν Νεκρὰν καλουμένην εἰσπεσὼν ἀφανίζεται θάλασσαν. Απολλινάριος γὰρ ἤκμαζε κατ' ἐκείνους τοὺς χρό αὐτοῦ τρόπον ἦν ἱκανώτατος· τῷ μέν γε ᾿Απολλινανους ἐν τῇ Λαοδικείᾳ τῆς Συρίας, καὶ Βασίλειος ἐν Καισαρείᾳ τῆς Καππαδοκίας, καὶ Γρηγόριος ἐν τῇ Ναζιανζῷ· σταθμὸς δὲ οὗτος ὁ τόπος ἐστὶ τῆς τῆς Καππαδοκίας. Τρεῖς δὲ οὗτοι ἄνδρες τότε τοῦ ὁμοουσίου προὐμάχουν κατὰ τοῦ ἑτεροουσίου, μακρῷ πάντας παρενεγκόντες τοὺς πρότερον καὶ ὕστερον ἄχρις ἐμοῦ τῆς αἱρέσεως προστάντας ὡς παῖδα παρ' αὐτοῖς κριθῆναι τὸν ᾿Αθανάσιον. Τῆς τε γὰρ ἔξωθεν καλουμένης παιδεύσεως ἐπὶ πλεῖστον οὗτοι προεληλύθεισαν, καὶ τῶν ἱερῶν Γραφῶν ὁπόσα εἰς ἀνάγνωσιν καὶ τὴν πρόχειρον μνήμην ἐτέλει, πολλὴν εἶχον τὴν ἐμπειρίαν· καὶ μάλιστά γε αὐτῶν ὁ ᾿Απολλινάριος οὗτος γὰρ δὴ καὶ τῆς Ἑβραΐδος διαλέκτου ἐπαΐειν οἷός τε ἦν. Καὶ μὴν καὶ συγγράφειν ἕκαστος ἐς τὸν ρίῳ τὸ ὑπομνηματικὸν εἶδος τῆς λέξεως, μακρῷ ἄριστα εἶχε· Βασίλειος δὲ πανηγυρίσαι λαμπρότατος ἦν. Τῷ δὲ γε Γρηγορίῳ, καὶ παρ' ἀμφοτέροις ἐξεταζομένῳ, μείζω βάσιν εἰς συγγραφὴν εἶχεν ὁ λόγος. Καὶ ἦν εἰπεῖν ᾿Απολλιναρίου μὲν ἀδρότερος, Βασιλείου δὲ σταθερώτερος. Τοσαύτης δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐν τῷ λέγειν καὶ γράφειν δυνάμεως οὔσης, καὶ τὸ ἦθος οὐδὲν ἦττον οἱ ἄνδρες παρείχοντο πρὸς τὴν τῶν πολλῶν θέαν ἐπαγωγότατον· ὥστε καὶ οἷς ὡρῶντο, καὶ οἷς ἔλεγον, καὶ ὁπόσα γράφοντες διεδίδοσαν, διὰ πάντων ἥρουν εἰς τὴν ἑαυτῶν κοινωνίαν τοὺς καθ' ὁτιοῦν αὐτῶν εὐχερέστερον ἀλίσκεσθαι δυναμένους.
Hoti ᾿Aetios ho hypostratēgos Iōannou tou rannou, meta treis hēmeras tēs ekeinou teleutēs, barbarous agōn misthōtous eis chiliadas paraginetai; kai symplokēs autou te kai tōn peri ton ᾿Aspara gegenēmenēs, phonos ekaterōthen errhyē lys. Epeita spondas ho ᾿Aetios tithetai pros Plakidian kai Oualentinianon, kai tēn tou komētos axian lambanei kai hoi barbaroi chrysiǭ katathemenoi tēn orgēn kai ta hopla, homērous te dontes, kai ta pista labontes, eis ta oikeia ēthē apechōrēsan. Telos tōn eklogōn tou parontos bibliou tēs Ekklēsiastikēs Historias Philostorgiou. Toutou Phlegōnos phēsi Philostorgios Iouston ta kata tous Ioudaious sympesonta dia pleionos epexelthein tou platous; Phlegōnos kai Diōnos bracheōs epimnēsthentōn, kai parenthēkēn auta tou idiou logou poiēsamenōn. Epei tōn ge eis eusebeian kai tēn allēn aretēn helkontōn, oud᾽ hotioun oud᾽ houtos deiknytai pephrontikōs, onper oud᾽ ekeinoi tropon. Tounantion men oun ho Iōsēpos, kai dedoikoti eoike kai eulaboumenǭ hōs mē proskrouseien Hellēsi. En terastiois de kai biǭ Eusebion tēs Nikomēdeias, hon kai megan apokalei, kai Theophilon ton Indon kai allous pleionas exairei. Exairei de en men logois malista ᾿Aetion kai Eunomion, monous anakatharai ta tēs eusebeias dogmata tǭ chronǭ synkechōsmena terateuomenos. Katēgorei de ᾿Akakiou malista tou Kaisareias tēs kata Palaistinēn episkopēsantos deinotēta te anyperblēton kai kakourgian amachon, meth' hōn kai pantōn phēsi katischysai tōn te homophronōn dokountōn, eis echthran de tina katastantōn, kai tōn tanantia thrēskeuontōn. Historei de apo tēs ᾿Areiou peri tēn hairesin spoudēs te kai katarxeōs, mechri tēs ᾿Aetiou tou dyssebestatou anaklēseōs. Houtos de ho ᾿Aetios par' autōn men tōn synairesiōtōn, dia to kakeinous hyperballesthai tę̄ dyssebeią, hōs autos houtos kai mē boulomenos historei, tēs diakonias kathę̄rethē hypo de tou dyssebestatou Ioulianou aneklēthē te kai philophronōs edexiōthē. Basileiou de tou megalou epecheirēsen hyphanai mon, hou lamproteron edeixe. Tēn men gar ischyn kai to kallos tēs en tois panēgyresin homilias hyp᾿ autēs tēs tōn pragmatōn energeias ebiasthē symphthenxasthai; thrasyn d᾽ auton ho deilaios apokalei, kai antilogikōn logōn apeiron, hoti, phēsin, apetolmēsen Eunomiou tais syngraphais antitaxasthai. Ton toiouton Leontion prosetairizetai ho kakophrōn Philostorgios en tę̄ biblǭ anti tou, hōs homophrona tēs ᾿Areianikēs autou kakophrosynēs. Peri archaiologias apo tēs historias Philostorgiou. eschatois tēs Palaistinēs termasi, meth᾽ hēn hē tōn Phoinikōn ekdechetai, keitai polis Dan onomastheisa proteron ek tēs tou Dan phylēs, hopēnika chronon ep᾿ ouk oligon houtoi dē monoi tou pantos ethnous planōmenoi, teleutaion ta tautę̄ kataschontes ria, mogis hidrynthēsan, kai polin epi tois akrois autōn oresi deimamenoi, tēn tou Phylarchou sphōn epethēkan klēsin. Kai touto ēn tēs Ioudaias ho eschatos pros Phoinikēn oros. Tautēn chronǭ hysteron Hērōdēs ho megas oikodomēsas, Kaisareian Philippou metōnomase; nyn de Paneas esti kaloumenē. To gar Panos en tautę̄ bretas stēsamenoi, eis touto tēn tēs leōs etrepsan prosēgorian. En tautę̄ tę̄ Paneadi tōn tou Iordanou pēgōn hē hetera tiktetai, dyoin ausōn, Dan ek tou palaiou onomatos eti kai nyn onomazomenē; tēn gar eteran, hētis Idr epikaleitai, porrhōthen autēs hōs apo stadiōn kolōnos tis tou tou proïēsin orous. Hōn ex hekateras procheitai potamos, ho men Ioratēs, ho de Danitēs epikaloumenos; hoi dia tou orous enechthentes epeidē katabaien eis to pedion, entautha ēdē xyniasin, kai hena megiston apotelousi potamon, ton Iordanēn. En tautǭ ēdē to te rheuma kai tēn prosēgorian kirnamenos, tēn tēs Tiberiados diexeisi limnēn, mesēn temnōn autēn, kai di᾿ holēs autēs en tǭ oikeiǭ holkǭ rheomenos mechris an epi tēn katenanti ekperaseie gēn, isos autos heautǭ kai paraplēsios hōn kanteuthen ēdē dia tēs Palaistinēs enechtheis, hapas eis tēn Nekran kaloumenēn eispesōn aphanizetai thalassan. Apollinarios gar ēkmaze kat' ekeinous tous chro autou tropon ēn hikanōtatos; tǭ men ge ᾿Apollinanous en tę̄ Laodikeią tēs Syrias, kai Basileios en Kaisareią tēs Kappadokias, kai Grēgorios en tę̄ Nazianzǭ; stathmos de houtos ho topos esti tēs tēs Kappadokias. Treis de houtoi andres tote tou homoousiou proumachoun kata tou heteroousiou, makrǭ pantas parenenkontes tous proteron kai hysteron achris emou tēs haireseōs prostantas hōs paida par' autois krithēnai ton ᾿Athanasion. Tēs te gar exōthen kaloumenēs paideuseōs epi pleiston houtoi proelēlytheisan, kai tōn hierōn Graphōn hoposa eis anagnōsin kai tēn procheiron mnēmēn etelei, pollēn eichon tēn empeirian; kai malista ge autōn ho ᾿Apollinarios houtos gar dē kai tēs Hebraïdos dialektou epaïein hoios te ēn. Kai mēn kai syngraphein hekastos es ton riǭ to hypomnēmatikon eidos tēs lexeōs, makrǭ arista eiche; Basileios de panēgyrisai lamprotatos ēn. Tǭ de ge Grēgoriǭ, kai par' amphoterois exetazomenǭ, meizō basin eis syngraphēn eichen ho logos. Kai ēn eipein ᾿Apollinariou men adroteros, Basileiou de statherōteros. Tosautēs de autois en tǭ legein kai graphein dynameōs ousēs, kai to ēthos ouden ētton hoi andres pareichonto pros tēn tōn pollōn thean epagōgotaton; hōste kai hois hōrōnto, kai hois elegon, kai hoposa graphontes diedidosan, dia pantōn hēroun eis tēn heautōn koinōnian tous kath' hotioun autōn eucheresteron aliskesthai dynamenous.
That Aetius, a subordinate general of the usurper John, three days after John's death, arrived bringing barbarian mercenaries numbering thousands; and when he and Aspar's forces engaged, much blood flowed on both sides. Then Aetius made a treaty with Placidia and Valentinian and received the rank of count; and the barbarians, laying down their anger and their arms for gold, gave hostages, received pledges, and went back to their own homes. End of the excerpts from the present book of the Church History of Philostorgius.
[Further fragments.] Philostorgius says that Justus [?] went through the events concerning the Jews at greater length, Phlegon and Dio having mentioned them only briefly and made them an appendix to their own account. Yet as for the things that lead to piety and the rest of virtue, not even this writer is shown to have cared at all, any more than they. Josephus, on the contrary, is like one afraid and cautious lest he offend the Greeks.
For marvels and for their lives he extols Eusebius of Nicomedia, whom he even calls great, and Theophilus the Indian and many others. In discourse he extols above all Aetius and Eunomius, telling the tale that they alone cleansed the doctrines of piety that time had buried. He accuses above all Acacius, who was bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, of unsurpassed cleverness and invincible villainy, with which, he says, he prevailed over everyone, both those who seemed to share his opinion but had fallen into some enmity, and those who held the opposite belief. His account runs from Arius's zeal for the heresy and its beginning to the recall of the most impious Aetius. This Aetius was deposed from the diaconate by his own fellow-heretics, because he surpassed even them in impiety, as this man himself relates though unwillingly; but he was recalled and kindly received by the most impious Julian. He tried to weave a reproach against Basil the Great, but showed him more brilliant; for by the very force of the facts he was compelled to join in speaking of the power and beauty of his festal discourses; yet the wretch calls him rash and inexperienced in controversial argument because, he says, he dared to set himself against Eunomius's writings.
Such a Leontius the evil-minded Philostorgius claims as a companion in his book, as one who shared his Arian evil-mindedness.
On antiquities, from the history of Philostorgius. At the farthest borders of Palestine, after which the land of the Phoenicians begins, lies a city formerly named Dan from the tribe of Dan, at the time when these alone of the whole nation wandered for no short time and at last, taking possession of the regions there, barely settled, and having built a city on the heights of their mountains, gave it the name of their tribal head. This was the farthest boundary of Judaea toward Phoenicia. Later Herod the Great built it up and renamed it Caesarea Philippi; now it is called Paneas, for they set up a statue of Pan in it and turned the city's name to this. In this Paneas one of the two sources of the Jordan rises (for there are two), still called Dan from the ancient name; the other, called Jor, a hill of the mountain sends out at a distance from it of about … stadia. From each of them a river pours out, one called the Jorates, the other the Danites; carried through the mountain, when they come down into the plain they join there and form one very great river, the Jordan. Mingling both stream and name into one, it passes through the lake of Tiberias, cutting through its middle and flowing through the whole of it in its own channel until it crosses to the land opposite, remaining equal and like to itself; and from there, carried through Palestine, it falls entirely into the sea called the Dead Sea and disappears.
For at that time Apollinaris flourished at Laodicea in Syria, Basil at Caesarea in Cappadocia, and Gregory at Nazianzus (this place is a station of Cappadocia). These three men then championed the homoousion against the heteroousion, far surpassing all who before and after, down to my time, led that heresy, so that beside them Athanasius was judged a child. For they had advanced very far in the so-called outside learning, and had great experience of the sacred Scriptures, in all that served for reading and ready memory, especially Apollinaris, for he could even understand the Hebrew language. And each was most capable of writing in his own manner: Apollinaris was by far the best in the commentary style of writing, Basil most brilliant in panegyric, while Gregory, examined beside both, had a style with a firmer footing for composition; one could say he was fuller than Apollinaris and steadier than Basil. With such power in speaking and writing, the men showed no less a character most attractive to the many to behold; so that by how they appeared, by what they said, and by all they wrote and distributed, they won over to their communion in every way those who could rather easily be caught by any of these.
Judg 18:27–29 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 16:13 (allusion, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Aetius the general makes terms with Placidia, ending Photius's epitome; further fragments follow: on Josephus, Photius's verdict on Philostorgius, Leontius, Paneas and the sources of the Jordan, and Apollinaris, Basil and Gregory.
- After “End of the excerpts…”, the printed text adds further fragments of Philostorgius that stand outside the epitome: a remark on Jewish history (the name printed Ἴουστον, “Justus”, is doubtful; the passage goes on to Josephus), Photius's general judgment on Philostorgius, the last line of a notice on Leontius, a passage on Paneas and the Jordan, and the passage on Apollinaris, Basil and Gregory (cf. 8.11). They are translated as printed. In the last of these the opening lines are interleaved with later ones in the scan; they are translated in the order the sense requires, and in “that heresy” Philostorgius means the homoousian side.
- The number of mercenaries and of stadia has dropped out in the scan (εἰς χιλιάδας; ὡς ἀπὸ σταδίων). Herod the Great is as printed (Caesarea Philippi was built by Philip). Several words have lost letters (τυράννου, πολύς, μῶμον, χωρία, πόλεως, οὐσῶν, Ἰὸρ) and are translated by sense. A leaked lemma (Εἰς τὰ οἰκεῖα ἤθη. ἔθνη.) is removed.
- The Dan story recalls Judg 18; the Jordan's two sources and Caesarea Philippi, Matt 16:13.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (a lemma of Valesius's notes leaked into the text; stray column letter and lost letters of the name; word split by OCR; word split by a line break and a stray column letter): Εἰς τὰ οἰκεῖα ἤθη. ἔθνη. → ; βρα χέως → βραχέως; Νικομη δείας → Νικομηδείας; Ἰν· δὸν → Ἰνδὸν; καὶ Α νόμιον → καὶ Εὐνόμιον; σπου- Β δῆς → σπουδῆς; αὐ τῶν → αὐτῶν; μέγι στον → μέγιστον; προεληλύ θεισαν → προεληλύθεισαν.
Extrabiblical texts: Josephus (Josephus (works); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Philostorgius, Hist. eccl. 12.14 (PG 65:621; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/philostorgius-historia/12-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude (Opus) from Valesius's text of Photius's epitome as printed in PG 65; every section compared afterwards with Walford's English (Bohn, 1855).