Seven Books of History against the Pagans 6.11.1–6.17.10
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 6, chapter 11
6.11.1CSEL 5:383
Igitur Caesare in Italiam reuerso Gallia rursus in arma coniurat multique simul populi coeunt. dux his Vercingetorix fuit, cuius consilio statim omnes Galli ciuitates suas ultro incenderunt: prima a suis incensa Biturigo.
So when Caesar had returned to Italy, Gaul again conspired in arms, and many peoples came together at once. Their leader was Vercingetorix, on whose advice all the Gauls at once of their own accord burned their towns: the first burned by its own people was Bituriges.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vercingetorix leads a general revolt.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): Caesare in Italiam reuerso Gallia. rursus → Caesare in Italiam reuerso Gallia rursus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.1 (CSEL 5:383; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.2CSEL 5:383
inde ad Caesarem, qui magnis itineribus per Narbonensem prouinciam clam ad exercitum recucurrerat, impetum faciunt.
Then they made an attack on Caesar, who had hurried back secretly by forced marches through the province of Narbonensis to his army.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls attack Caesar.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.2 (CSEL 5:383; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.3CSEL 5:383
Caesar tunc oppidum nomine Caenapum obsidione concluserat: quod diu oppugnatum, tandem post multas Romanorum clades pluuio die, cum hostilium machinarum agmenta neruique elanguerant, adplicitis turribus captum atque deletum est.
Caesar had then shut in by siege a town named Cenabum; long attacked, it was at last, after many Roman losses, on a rainy day when the cords and sinews of the enemy's engines had slackened, taken by moving up towers and destroyed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The siege of Cenabum.
- “agmenta” as printed, probably for “amenta” (cords); translated so. Orosius confuses Cenabum with Avaricum, which Caesar took on a rainy day.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): hostiluim → hostilium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.3 (CSEL 5:383; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.4CSEL 5:383
quadraginta milia ibi hominum fuisse referuntur: ex quibus uix octoginta per fugam lapsi ad proxima Gallorum castra uenerunt.
Forty thousand people are reported to have been there, of whom barely eighty slipped away in flight and reached the nearest camp of the Gauls.
Notes and citation
Summary: The slaughter at the captured town.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.4 (CSEL 5:383; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.5CSEL 5:383
praeterea Aruerni ceterique confines, sollicitatis etiam ad se Aeduis, multis aduersum Caesarem proeliis bellauerunt.
Moreover, the Arverni and their other neighbors, having also won over the Aedui to themselves, fought against Caesar in many battles.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Arverni and Aedui fight Caesar.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.5 (CSEL 5:383; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.6CSEL 5:383–384
qui cum se pugnando fatigati in quoddam castellum recepissent, milites praedae inhiantes ad expugnationem oppidi animum intendunt, frustra Caesare de loci iniquitate causante. itaque ibi Caesar erumpentibus desuper hostibus pressus, multa exercitus sui parte perdita, uictus aufugit.
When, worn out by fighting, they had withdrawn into a certain fortress, the soldiers, greedy for plunder, set their minds on storming the town, while Caesar complained in vain of the unfavorable ground. So there Caesar, pressed by the enemy bursting down on him from above, lost a large part of his army and fled defeated.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar's defeat at Gergovia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.6 (CSEL 5:383–384; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.7CSEL 5:384
dum haec ad Alesiam geruntur, Vercingetorix, quem omnes consensu pari regem praeoptauerant, suadet, uti ex tota Gallia omnes, qui arma ferre possint, huic bello praesto sint. hoc enim esse unum bellum, quo aut perpetua libertas aut aeterna seruitus aut mors omnium consequatur.
While these things were done at Alesia, Vercingetorix, whom all with equal consent had chosen as king, urged that all from the whole of Gaul who could bear arms should be present for this war. For this, he said, was the one war from which would follow either perpetual freedom, or eternal slavery, or the death of all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vercingetorix summons all Gaul to Alesia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period and digitization slip): aut perpetua. libertas ant aeterna → aut perpetua libertas aut aeterna.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.7 (CSEL 5:384; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.8CSEL 5:384
itaque absque eo numero, quem infinitum ante contraxerat, equitum circiter octo milia, peditum ducenta et quinquaginta milia contracta sunt.
So, apart from the countless number he had gathered before, about eight thousand cavalry and two hundred and fifty thousand infantry were assembled.
Notes and citation
Summary: The relief army gathers.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.8 (CSEL 5:384; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.9CSEL 5:384
dehinc duo colles sibi inuicem obuersos Romani Gallique ceperunt. unde multis saepe eruptionibus et uariis prouentibus proeliantes, tandem Romani praecipua Germanorum equitum, quos sibi iamdudum amicos nunc in auxilium acciuerant, uirtute uirtute.
Then the Romans and the Gauls took two hills facing each other. Fighting from these with many sorties and varying outcomes, the Romans at last won, chiefly by the courage of the German horsemen, whom, long their friends, they had now summoned to their help.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Romans win at Alesia with German cavalry.
- The digital text repeats “uirtute”; the verb (“uicerunt,” won) seems lost and is supplied by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): tandem Romani. praecipua → tandem Romani praecipua.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.9 (CSEL 5:384; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.10CSEL 5:384
Vercingetorix alia die congregatis omnibus, qui fuga euaserant, dixit se auctorem bona fide defendendae libertatis atque inrumpendi foederis fuisse et nunc, siue Romanis sese ad mortem omnes offerant siue se solum pro omnibus dedant, paratum animo fore.
Vercingetorix, on another day, having gathered all who had escaped by flight, said that he had been the author in good faith of defending liberty and breaking the treaty, and that now, whether they all offered themselves to the Romans for death or surrendered him alone for all, he would be ready in spirit.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vercingetorix offers himself.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.10 (CSEL 5:384; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.11CSEL 5:384–385
itaque Galli uoluntatem, quam pudore aliquamdiu texerant, quasi ex consilio regis adsumerent, ilico sibi ueniam precantes, eum solum uelut auctorem magni sceleris dediderunt.
So the Gauls, taking up as if on the king's advice the wish they had for some time covered with shame, at once begging pardon for themselves, handed him over alone as the author of a great crime.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls surrender Vercingetorix.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (misplaced semicolon): pudore aliquamdiu texerant; → pudore aliquamdiu texerant,.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.11 (CSEL 5:384–385; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.12CSEL 5:385
Bellouagui omnibus Gallorum gentibus ipsorum opinione fortiores habebantur. hi Correo duce bellum instaurant sibique in hanc suscepti belli societatem Ambianos Aulercos Caletos Velocasses Atrebatasque coniungunt et locum quendam cinctum atque impeditum undique paludibus capiunt, commissoque proelio magnam Remorum manum, quae auxilio Romanis erat, trucidant.
The Bellovaci were considered, in their own opinion, braver than all the peoples of the Gauls. These, under the leadership of Correus, renewed the war and joined to themselves in the alliance of this war the Ambiani, Aulerci, Caleti, Velocasses, and Atrebates; they took a certain place enclosed and obstructed on all sides by marshes and, joining battle, slaughtered a great band of the Remi who were helping the Romans.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Bellovaci revolt under Correus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.12 (CSEL 5:385; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.13CSEL 5:385
deinde cum opportunum ipsi locum insidiis prouisum occupauissent atque hoc conperto Romani ad insidiarum locum instructi ordinatique uenissent, commisso proelio Romani Gallos fugientes isdem locorum munitionibus, quibus clausi fuerant, incluserunt cunctosque ad internecionem ceciderunt.
Then, when they had occupied a place they had chosen as suitable for an ambush, and the Romans, learning this, had come drawn up and in order to the place of the ambush, battle was joined and the Romans shut in the fleeing Gauls by the same fortifications of the place in which they had been enclosed, and cut them all down to annihilation.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Bellovaci are caught in their own ambush.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.13 (CSEL 5:385; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.14CSEL 5:385
ibi Correus vel fugam vel deditionem detractans Romanos, ut uiuus caperetur, instantes occidendo, ut occideretur, coegit.
There Correus, refusing either flight or surrender, by killing the Romans who pressed on to take him alive, forced them to kill him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Correus dies fighting.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): detraotans → detractans.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.14 (CSEL 5:385; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.15CSEL 5:385–386
igitur cum pacatam esse uniuersam Galliam Caesar neque ausuram fore ad aliquos adspirare motus arbitraretur, legiones in hiberna dimisit, ipse tamen Ambiorigis fines, qui tot bella excitauerat, horrenda hominum strage uastauit.
So when Caesar thought that all Gaul was pacified and would not dare aspire to any uprisings, he sent the legions into winter quarters, but he himself laid waste with horrible slaughter of men the territory of Ambiorix, who had stirred up so many wars.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar ravages Ambiorix's land.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.15 (CSEL 5:385–386; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.16CSEL 5:386
at uero C. Caninius legatus bellum apud Pictonas inuenit: ubi magna hostium multitudo impeditam itinere legionem circumdedit atque ad extremum discrimen adduxit.
But Gaius Caninius the legate found war among the Pictones: there a great multitude of the enemy surrounded his legion, hampered on the march, and brought it into extreme danger.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caninius is surrounded by the Pictones.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): diserimen → discrimen.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.16 (CSEL 5:386; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.17CSEL 5:386
porro autem Fabius legatus acceptis Caninii litteris in Pictonas proficiscitur ibique a captiuis de opportunitate locorum certior factus inopinantes hostes opprimit magnisque stragibus factis plurimas praedas agit.
Then Fabius the legate, on receiving Caninius's letter, set out to the Pictones and there, informed by captives about the advantages of the terrain, crushed the enemy unawares and, after great slaughter, carried off very much booty.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fabius comes to Caninius's aid.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): porro antem → porro autem; ibique a. captiuis → ibique a captiuis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.17 (CSEL 5:386; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.18CSEL 5:386
deinde cum Caninio signum aduentus sui dedisset, Caninius totis castris subito exsiluit seseque iniecit hosti. ita Fabio ex alia parte et Caninio ex altera insistente, maximo et diuturno bello innumerae Gallorum copiae trucidatae sunt.
Then, when he had given Caninius the signal of his coming, Caninius suddenly sprang out with the whole camp and threw himself on the enemy. So, with Fabius pressing from one side and Caninius from the other, in a very great and long battle countless forces of the Gauls were slaughtered.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls are crushed between two armies.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.18 (CSEL 5:386; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.19CSEL 5:386–387
inde Fabius in Carnutes profectus est; sciebat enim Domnacum ducem antiquissimum rebellionis totius incentorem ab hoc bello elapsum, si Aremoricis gentibus adiunctus esset, maximos iterum in Gallia tumultus esse moturum. sed eas adhuc ipsa nouitate trepidantes mira uirtute et celeritate perdomuit. interea
From there Fabius set out against the Carnutes; for he knew that Dumnacus, a very old leader and instigator of the whole rebellion, who had escaped from this war, would again stir up very great uprisings in Gaul if he joined the Armorican peoples. But he subdued them, still trembling at the very newness of things, with wonderful courage and speed. Meanwhile
Notes and citation
Summary: Fabius subdues the Carnutes and Armoricans.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): celeritate perdomuit. interea. → celeritate perdomuit. interea.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.19 (CSEL 5:386–387; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.20CSEL 5:387
Draptes unaque Lycterius cum adesse Caninium et legiones in finibus suis uiderent, undique collectis copiis oppidum Vxellodunum occupant.
Drappes, and with him Lucterius, when they saw that Caninius and the legions were in their territory, gathered forces from all sides and seized the town of Uxellodunum.
Notes and citation
Summary: Drappes and Lucterius hold Uxellodunum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.20 (CSEL 5:387; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.21CSEL 5:387
hoc oppidum in editissima montis arce pendebat, duabus partibus per abrupta latera non paruo flumine cingebatur, medio deinde descensu largissimo fonte securum plurimaque introrsum copia frumenti tutum inritos procul discursus hostium despiciebat.
This town hung on the highest summit of a mountain; on two sides it was surrounded along the steep slopes by no small river; then, made secure by a very abundant spring halfway down, and safe with a great supply of grain within, it looked down from afar on the vain movements of the enemy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Uxellodunum's strong position.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.21 (CSEL 5:387; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.22CSEL 5:387
Caninius, quod solum Romana prouisione potuit, ambos duces cum parte copiarum plurima in campum euocatos maximo proelio superauit. nam uno e ducibus interfecto alter cum paucissimis fugit, nullus in oppidum rediit, sed ad id oppugnandum Caesare opus fuit.
Caninius, which was all that Roman foresight could do, lured both leaders with the greater part of their forces into the plain and overcame them in a very great battle. For with one of the leaders killed, the other fled with very few; none returned to the town, but Caesar was needed to storm it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caninius defeats the leaders, but the town holds out.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.22 (CSEL 5:387; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.23CSEL 5:387
itaque certior per nuntios factus Caesar accurrit circumspectisque omnibus uidet, si expugnare ui moliatur, ludo et spectaculo hostium delendum esse exercitum suum; unum solum esse praesidii, si quoquo modo hostes aqua arceantur.
So Caesar, informed by messengers, hurried there, and having surveyed everything, saw that if he tried to storm it by force, his army would be destroyed for the sport and spectacle of the enemy; that there was only one safeguard, if somehow the enemy could be kept from water.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar resolves to cut off the water.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.23 (CSEL 5:387; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.24CSEL 5:387–388
sed et hoc quoque nisi Caesar non potuisset, siquidem fons, quo ad potum utebantur, medio deuexi montis latera fundebatur. Caesar ad proximum fontis admoueri uineas turrimque exstrui iubet. fit magnus ilico concursus ex oppido. quibus sine periculo proeliantibus Romani quamuis pertinaciter obsisterent crebriusque succederent, conplures tamen trucidantur.
But even this no one but Caesar could have done, since the spring they used for drinking poured out halfway down the sloping side of the mountain. Caesar ordered siege sheds to be moved up next to the spring and a tower built. At once there was a great rush from the town. Though the Romans resisted them stubbornly as they fought without danger, and came up more frequently, a number were nevertheless killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fighting at the spring.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.24 (CSEL 5:387–388; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.25CSEL 5:388
igitur exstruitur agger et turris pedum sexaginta, cuius uertex aequare ad fontis locum possit, ut uel ex aequo tela conici queant uel praecipitata desuper saxorum uolumina non timeri.
So a mound was built and a tower of sixty feet, whose top could be level with the place of the spring, so that missiles could be thrown on equal terms and rolling rocks cast down from above need not be feared.
Notes and citation
Summary: The siege tower.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.25 (CSEL 5:388; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-25
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.26CSEL 5:388
oppidani autem, ubi exanimari siti non solum pecora sua uerum etiam infirmiores hominum aetates uident, cupas pice sebo et scindulis repletas ac deinde inmisso igne in prona praecipitant easque ipsi toto oppido effusi subsequuntur.
The townspeople, when they saw not only their cattle but also the weaker ages of men dying of thirst, filled barrels with pitch, tallow, and shingles and then, setting fire to them, rolled them down the slope, and followed them themselves, pouring out of the whole town.
Notes and citation
Summary: The besieged roll burning barrels down.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.26 (CSEL 5:388; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-26
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.27CSEL 5:388
ardentibus machinis cum graue proelium suis Caesar ac periculosum uideret, cohortes in circuitum oppidi ire uelociter per occultum imperat atque undique subito uastum clamorem attollere. quo facto consternati oppidani dum recurrere ad muniendum oppidum uolunt, ab oppugnatione turris uel demolitione aggeris recesserunt.
When, with the engines burning, Caesar saw that the battle was heavy and dangerous for his men, he ordered cohorts to go quickly and secretly around the town and suddenly raise a vast shout on all sides. When this was done, the townspeople, alarmed, wishing to run back to defend the town, withdrew from attacking the tower and demolishing the mound.
Notes and citation
Summary: A diversion saves the siege works.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.27 (CSEL 5:388; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-27). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-27
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.28CSEL 5:388–389
illi tamen, qui ad incidendas fontis uenas sub obtentu aggeris tuti cuniculos perfodiebant, repertos in abstruso aquarum meatus per multa diuidendo tenuari in semet ipsis consumique fecerunt. oppidani fonte siccato ultima desperatione correpti deditionem sui faciunt.
Those, however, who, safe under cover of the mound, were digging tunnels to cut the veins of the spring, found the hidden channels of the waters and by dividing them in many ways made them thin out and be used up within themselves. The townspeople, with the spring dried up, seized by final despair, surrendered.
Notes and citation
Summary: The spring is tapped and the town surrenders.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.28 (CSEL 5:388–389; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-28
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.29CSEL 5:389
Caesar autem omnibus, qui arma tulerant, manus sustulit et uitam reliquit, quo testatior esset etiam posteris poena improborum.
But Caesar cut off the hands of all who had borne arms and left them their lives, so that the punishment of the wicked might be a clearer witness even to later generations.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar cuts off the defenders' hands.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.29 (CSEL 5:389; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-29
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.11.30CSEL 5:389
multum enim ad cohercendam audaciam ualet propositum punitionis exemplum, cum ipsa miseri praesens forma uiuentis et ad recordationem admonet conscios et ad sciscitationem cogit ignaros.
For a displayed example of punishment avails much for restraining daring, when the very sight of the wretched man, alive and present, both reminds those who know of it to remember and forces those who do not know to ask.
Notes and citation
Summary: A living example deters.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.11.30 (CSEL 5:389; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-30). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-11-30
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 12
6.12.1CSEL 5:389
Exhaustis atque edomitis Gallis securus Caesar cum legionibus in Italiam rediit, nullos post se Gallorum motus pertimescens, certo se sciens minime aliquos, qui uel moueri audeant uel si moueantur timendi sint, reliquisse.
With the Gauls drained and subdued, Caesar returned securely with the legions to Italy, fearing no uprisings of the Gauls behind him, knowing for certain that he had left hardly any who would either dare to rise or, if they rose, would be to be feared.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar leaves Gaul subdued.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.12.1 (CSEL 5:389; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.12.2CSEL 5:389
constitui nunc ante oculos uelim exsanguem defectamque Galliam, post illas ardentissimas febres internosque aestus uitalium meliora torrentes ut sese habeat, quanta macie quantoque pallore sit, quam demissa ac resoluta iaceat, quam ipsos quoque necessarii officii motus, ne eundem incursum malorum reuocent, pertimescat.
I should like Gaul now to be set before our eyes, bloodless and exhausted, after those most burning fevers and internal heats consuming the better parts of her vitals: how she fares, how thin and how pale she is, how she lies dejected and relaxed, how she fears even the movements of necessary duty, lest they bring back the same onset of evils.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gaul after the conquest, like a patient after fever.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.12.2 (CSEL 5:389; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.12.3CSEL 5:389–390
inruit enim in eam repentino impetu Romanus exercitus ueluti fortissimo corpori fortior lues, quae tanto grauius accenditur, quanto inpatientius toleratur.
For the Roman army fell on her with a sudden onset, like a stronger plague on a very strong body, which burns the more heavily the more impatiently it is borne.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Roman conquest as a plague.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.12.3 (CSEL 5:389–390; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.12.4CSEL 5:390
sitiebat misera, cum instante gladio profiteri sponsionem seruitutis aeternae auulsis insuper obsidibus cogeretur; sitiebat, ut dixi, notam illam omnibusque suauissimam uelut aquae gelidae dulcedinem libertatis, quantoque eam magis subtrahi intellegebat, tanto auidius desiderabat.
The wretched country thirsted, when with the sword at her throat she was forced to profess a pledge of eternal servitude, hostages torn from her besides; she thirsted, as I said, for that familiar sweetness of liberty, the sweetest of all things, like cool water, and the more she understood that it was being taken from her, the more greedily she longed for it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gaul thirsted for liberty.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.12.4 (CSEL 5:390; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.12.5CSEL 5:390
hinc illa tam frequens contra uetita praesumptio: inuadebatur pro defendenda libertate inportuna libertas praereptamque insatiabiliter potiundi licentiam, quod male conceptam perniciem restinguere uidebatur, augebat.
Hence that so frequent presumption against what was forbidden: untimely liberty was seized in defense of liberty, and the license of obtaining what had been snatched away, sought insatiably, increased the ill-conceived ruin that it seemed to extinguish.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gaul's revolts only increased her ruin.
- The Latin is compressed; translated by sense.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.12.5 (CSEL 5:390; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.12.6CSEL 5:390
hinc Romanus ante pugnam insidiator argutior, hinc in pugna hostis infestior, hinc post pugnam uictor immitior, hinc omnia ad domandam inpatientiam crudescentia, hinc iam nec remediis credebatur.
Hence the Roman was a craftier ambusher before battle, hence a more hostile enemy in battle, hence a harsher victor after battle; hence everything grew more cruel for taming impatience; hence remedies were no longer trusted.
Notes and citation
Summary: Resistance made Rome harsher.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): hine Romanus → hinc Romanus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.12.6 (CSEL 5:390; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.12.7CSEL 5:390–391
itaque si interrogare possem hanc de qua loquimur nationem, quid tunc, cum haec ipsa sustinebat, de illis temporibus iudicarit, responderet ut arbitror dicens: sic me illa tunc febris exsanguem reddidit ac frigidam fecit, ut etiam haec, quae omnes paene perstrinxit, feruefacere uel commouere nequiuerit, atque ita me Romani inclinauerunt, ut nec ad Gothos surgam.
So if I could ask this nation of which we speak what it then judged of those times, when it was enduring these very things, it would answer, I think, saying: “That fever then made me so bloodless and cold that even this one, which has touched almost all, could not heat or stir me; and the Romans bent me so low that I do not rise even against the Goths.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Gaul would say Rome's conquest was worse than the Goths.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.12.7 (CSEL 5:390–391; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.12.8CSEL 5:391
sed ne ipsa quidem Roma clades, quas intulit, euitauit. exercitae diu auctaeque sunt per totos mundi cardines potentiae ducum uiresque legionum, quae in sese concurrentes eius damno uincerent, cuius periculo uincerentur. nam uictorem Caesarem de Gallia reuersum ciuilia bella comitata sunt aliaque grauissima mala, interfecti apud Parthos Crassi et trucidati exercitus. praecesserunt.
But not even Rome herself escaped the disasters she inflicted. The powers of generals and the strength of legions had long been exercised and increased through all the hinges of the world, to clash with one another and conquer to the loss of the one at whose peril they would be conquered. For civil wars accompanied Caesar on his victorious return from Gaul, and other very grave evils, the Crassi killed among the Parthians and armies slaughtered, went before.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome's own disasters followed.
- The digital text ends with a row of dots.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (missing full stop; stray dots): clades, quas intulit, euitauit exercitae → clades, quas intulit, euitauit. exercitae; praecesserunt..... → praecesserunt..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.12.8 (CSEL 5:391; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-12-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 13
6.13.1CSEL 5:391
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCXCVII Crassus in consulatu collega Pompei prouinciam sortitus in Parthos, homo inexplebilis cupiditatis, audita in Hierosolymis templi opulentia, quam Pompeius intactam reliquerat, in Palaestinam deuertit, Hierosolymam adit, templum peruadit, opes diripit.
In the 697th year from the founding of the City, Crassus, colleague of Pompeius in the consulship, having been allotted the province against the Parthians, a man of insatiable greed, hearing of the wealth of the temple at Jerusalem, which Pompeius had left untouched, turned aside into Palestine, went to Jerusalem, broke into the temple, and plundered its riches.
Notes and citation
Summary: Crassus plunders the temple at Jerusalem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.13.1 (CSEL 5:391; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-13-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-13-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.13.2CSEL 5:391–392
inde per Mesopotamiam tendens in Parthiam, quacumque iter habuit sociis ciuitatibus auxilia indixit. pretia exegit moxque ut Euphraten transiit, ilico Vagesen, legatum ab Horode rege Parthorum ad se missum, obuium habuit, a quo uehementer increpitus est, cur contra foedus Luculli et Pompei auaritia inductus Euphraten transierit. quamobrem sine mora futurum, ut pro auro Parthico Serico ferro oneraretur.
Then, making his way through Mesopotamia into Parthia, wherever he passed he demanded auxiliaries from allied cities and exacted payments; and as soon as he crossed the Euphrates, he at once met Vagises, an envoy sent to him by Orodes, king of the Parthians, who sharply rebuked him for having crossed the Euphrates, against the treaty of Lucullus and Pompeius, led on by greed; for this reason, he said, it would soon come about that instead of Parthian gold he would be loaded with Seric iron.
Notes and citation
Summary: A Parthian envoy rebukes Crassus.
- “Seric iron”: the steel of the Seres, famed for its hardness.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.13.2 (CSEL 5:391–392; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-13-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-13-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.13.3CSEL 5:392
itaque cum prope Carras uentum esset, Parthi subito ingruentes cum Surena et Silacea praefectis sagittis oppressere Romanos. cecidere ibi plurimi senatores, aliquot etiam consulares et praetorii uiri; Crassus quoque filius Crassi, lectissimus iuuenis, in acie occisus est. praeterea quattuor cohortes cum Vargunteio legato mediis deprehensae campis et interfectae sunt.
So when they had come near Carrhae, the Parthians, suddenly attacking with the prefects Surenas and Silaces, overwhelmed the Romans with arrows. Very many senators fell there, and some men of consular and praetorian rank; Crassus, son of Crassus, a most excellent young man, was also killed in the battle line. Moreover, four cohorts with the legate Vargunteius were caught in the middle of the plains and killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The disaster at Carrhae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.13.3 (CSEL 5:392; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-13-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-13-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.13.4CSEL 5:392
Surenas rapto equitatu Crassum persequi intendit eumque circumuentum ac frustra conloquium eius petentem interfecit, quamuis uiuum auferre maluisset. pauci noctis beneficio liberati Carras confugerunt.
Surenas, seizing his cavalry, set out to pursue Crassus and, having surrounded him as he vainly sought a parley, killed him, although he would have preferred to carry him off alive. A few, freed by the help of night, fled to Carrhae.
Notes and citation
Summary: Crassus is killed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.13.4 (CSEL 5:392; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-13-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-13-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.13.5CSEL 5:392–393
cognita clade Romanorum multae Orientis prouinciae a societate uel fide populi Romani defecissent, ni Cassius collectis ex fuga militibus paucis intumescentem Syriam egregia animi uirtute ac moderatione pressisset; qui et Antiochum copiasque eius ingentes proelio uicit et interfecit, Parthos quoque ab Horode in Syriam missos iamque ingressos Antiochiam bello expulit ducemque eorum Osagen interfecit.
When the Roman disaster became known, many provinces of the East would have fallen away from the alliance or loyalty of the Roman people, had not Cassius, gathering a few soldiers from the flight, held down swelling Syria with remarkable courage and moderation of spirit; he both defeated and killed Antiochus and his huge forces in battle, and drove out by war the Parthians sent by Orodes into Syria, who had already entered Antioch, and killed their leader Osaces.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cassius saves Syria.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): duoemque → ducemque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.13.5 (CSEL 5:392–393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-13-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-13-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 14
6.14.1CSEL 5:393
Igitur Romani status agitur semper alterna mutatio et uelut forma Oceani maris, quae omni die dispar nunc succiduis per septem dies attollitur incrementis nunc insequentibus totidem diebus naturali damno et defectu interiore subducitur.
So an alternating change is always at work in the Roman state, like the pattern of the Ocean, which, unequal every day, now rises with successive increases for seven days, now for as many following days is drawn back by natural loss and inner ebbing.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome's fortunes ebb and flow like the tides.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (split word; stray period): uelut forma. Oceani → uelut forma Oceani; totidem die bus → totidem diebus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.14.1 (CSEL 5:393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-14-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-14-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.14.2CSEL 5:393
ut enim de proximis ordiar, Cimbris Tigurinisque uincentibus cum apud Rhodanum flumen Romanus exercitus periit, artissimas Roma sensit angustias; refusa continuo clade Cimbrorum, magnis elata prouectibus priorum oblita defectuum est.
For, to begin with the nearest, when the Roman army perished at the river Rhone as the Cimbri and Tigurini conquered, Rome felt the narrowest straits; when the disaster was at once turned back on the Cimbri, elated by great advances she forgot her earlier failures.
Notes and citation
Summary: After the Cimbri, Rome forgot her defeats.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.14.2 (CSEL 5:393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-14-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-14-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.14.3CSEL 5:393
hanc deinde recentissimae prosperitatis iactantiam Italicum bellum et dilaceratio Sullana castigat. rursus post hanc domesticam intestinamque perniciem, qua usque ad medullas paene euiscerata et exesa est, paribus propemodum spatiis temporum non solum reparata, uerum etiam extenta est, cum Lucullus Asiam, Pompeius Hispaniam, Caesar Galliam perdomuit Romanumque imperium usque ad extremos propemodum terrae terminos propagatum est.
Then the Italian war and the tearing apart under Sulla chastised this boasting of most recent prosperity. Again, after this domestic and internal ruin, by which she was almost disemboweled and eaten away to the marrow, in nearly equal spaces of time she was not only restored but also extended, when Lucullus subdued Asia, Pompeius Spain, and Caesar Gaul, and the Roman empire was spread almost to the farthest ends of the earth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ruin, then recovery and expansion.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slip and misplaced full stop): hano deinde → hanc deinde; euisoerata et exesa est. paribus → euiscerata et exesa est, paribus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.14.3 (CSEL 5:393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-14-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-14-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.14.4CSEL 5:393
hanc nunc amplissimam dilatationem uastissima ruina consequitur. apud Parthos enim consul Romanus occiditur exercitusque deletur, atrocissimum illud Pompei atque Caesaris bellum ciuile conseritur et inter haec Roma ipsa repentino correpta incendio concrematur.
This most ample expansion is now followed by a most vast ruin. For among the Parthians a Roman consul is killed and an army destroyed; that most dreadful civil war of Pompeius and Caesar is joined; and amid these things Rome herself, seized by a sudden fire, is burned.
Notes and citation
Summary: Then came Carrhae, civil war, and fire.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.14.4 (CSEL 5:393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-14-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-14-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.14.5CSEL 5:393–394
anno siquidem ab Vrbe condita DCC incertum unde concretus plurimam Vrbis partem ignis inuasit, neque umquam antea tanto incendio correptam ac uastatam Ciuitatem ferunt. nam quattuordecim uicos cum uico Iugario consumptos fuisse memoriae proditum est. hinc iam bellum ciuile committitur, quod magnis iamdudum dissensionibus ac molitionibus parabatur.
For in the 700th year from the founding of the City a fire, arising no one knows from where, invaded the greater part of the City, and they say the City was never before seized and laid waste by so great a fire. For it has been recorded that fourteen quarters were consumed together with the Vicus Iugarius. From here the civil war was joined, which had long been prepared by great dissensions and schemes.
Notes and citation
Summary: A great fire at Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (missing full stop): memoriae proditum est hinc → memoriae proditum est. hinc.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.14.5 (CSEL 5:393–394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-14-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-14-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 15
6.15.1CSEL 5:394
Nam rediens Caesar uictor ex Gallia decerni sibi absenti alterum consulatum poposcit. contradictum est a Marcello consule adnitente Pompeio, deinde decretum est a senatu, ut in Vrbem Caesar non nisi dimisso exercitu ueniret, et ex Marcelli consulis auctoritate ad legiones, quae apud Luceriam erant, Pompeius cum imperio missus est.
For Caesar, returning victorious from Gaul, demanded that a second consulship be decreed to him in his absence. This was opposed by the consul Marcellus with Pompeius supporting him; then it was decreed by the senate that Caesar should not come into the City unless he had dismissed his army, and on the authority of the consul Marcellus Pompeius was sent with command to the legions that were at Luceria.
Notes and citation
Summary: The senate refuses Caesar's demands.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.1 (CSEL 5:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.2CSEL 5:394
Caesar Rauennam sese contulit. M. Antonius et P. Cassius tribuni plebis pro Caesare intercedentes, interdicente Lentulo consule curia foroque prohibiti, ad Caesarem profecti sunt Curione simul Caelioque comitantibus.
Caesar went to Ravenna. Marcus Antonius and Publius Cassius, tribunes of the plebs, who interceded for Caesar, were barred from the senate house and the forum by the prohibition of the consul Lentulus and set out to Caesar, accompanied by Curio and Caelius.
Notes and citation
Summary: The tribunes flee to Caesar.
- “P. Cassius” as printed; the tribune was Quintus Cassius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.2 (CSEL 5:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.3CSEL 5:394
Caesar Rubicone flumine transmeato, mox ut Ariminum uenit, quinque cohortes, quas tunc solas habebat, cum quibus, ut ait Liuius, orbem terrarum adortus est, quid facto opus esset, edocuit. deplorans iniurias suas, causam belli ciuilis, pro restituendis in patriam tribunis, esse testatus
Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, and as soon as he came to Ariminum he told the five cohorts which he alone then had, with which, as Livy says, he attacked the world, what must be done. Lamenting his wrongs, he declared that the cause of the civil war was the restoration of the tribunes to their homeland.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar crosses the Rubicon.
- The Livy reference is to a lost book.
Extrabiblical texts: Livy (Livy, History of Rome; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.3 (CSEL 5:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.4CSEL 5:394–395
est inde per Antonium septem cohortes, quae apud Sulmonem morabantur, a Lucretio recepit, tres legiones quae cum Domitio apud Corfinium morabantur, ad suas partes traduxit. Pompeius atque omnis senatus, crescentibus Caesaris uiribus trepidi, tamquam Italia pulsi in Graeciam transuecti, Dyrrachium gerendi belli sedem delegerunt.
Then through Antonius he received from Lucretius seven cohorts that were stationed at Sulmo, and brought over to his side three legions that were stationed with Domitius at Corfinium. Pompeius and the whole senate, alarmed by Caesar's growing strength, crossed into Greece as if driven from Italy and chose Dyrrachium as their seat for waging the war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey and the senate cross to Greece.
- The first word (“est”) completes “testatus est” of 6.15.3.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.4 (CSEL 5:394–395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.5CSEL 5:395
Caesar Romam uenit negatamque sibi ex aerario pecuniam fractis foribus inuasit protulitque ex eo auri pondo quattuor milia centum triginta et quinque, argenti pondo prope nongenta milia.
Caesar came to Rome and, when money from the treasury was refused him, broke the doors and forced his way in, and brought out from it four thousand one hundred and thirty-five pounds of gold and nearly nine hundred thousand pounds of silver.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar seizes the treasury.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): ex aerario pecuniam. fractis → ex aerario pecuniam fractis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.5 (CSEL 5:395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.6CSEL 5:395
inde digressus Ariminum ad legiones, mox Alpes transuectus Massiliam uenit, ad quam oppugnandam, cur receptus non esset, Trebonium cum tribus legionibus relinquens, ad Hispanias contendit, quas L. Afranius et M. Petreius et M. Varro Pompeiani duces cum legionibus obtinebant. ibi multis proeliis Petreium Afraniumque superatos conposita pactione dimisit. in ulteriore uero Hispania duas legiones a M.
Going from there to the legions at Ariminum, he soon crossed the Alps and came to Massilia; leaving Trebonius with three legions to storm it, because he had not been received, he hurried to the Spains, which Lucius Afranius, Marcus Petreius, and Marcus Varro, Pompeian generals, held with legions. There he overcame Petreius and Afranius in many battles and dismissed them after making an agreement. In Further Spain he took over two legions from Marcus
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar wins in Spain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.6 (CSEL 5:395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.7CSEL 5:395–396
Varrone suscepit. similiter et duces eius, hoc est Curio Catonem Sicilia expulit, Valerius Cottam Sardinia, Tuberonem Africa Varus eiecit. Caesar Massiliam rediens, obsidione domitam uita tantum et libertate concessa ceteris rebus abrasit.
Varro. Similarly his generals too: Curio drove Cato out of Sicily, Valerius Cotta out of Sardinia, and Varus Tubero out of Africa. Caesar, returning to Massilia, which had been subdued by siege, granted it only life and liberty and stripped it of everything else.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar's generals take the islands; Massilia falls.
- Orosius's “Tuberonem Africa Varus eiecit” reverses the facts: the Pompeian Varus kept Tubero out of Africa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.7 (CSEL 5:395–396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.8CSEL 5:396
At uero Dolabella partium Caesaris in Illyrico per Octauium et Libonem uictus copiisque exutus ad Antonium fugit. Basilus et Sallustius cum singulis legionibus, quibus praeerant, similiter et Antonius, Hortensius quoque ab infimo mari cum classe concurrens, omnesque pariter aduersus Octauium et Libonem profecti et uicti sunt.
But Dolabella, of Caesar's party, defeated in Illyricum by Octavius and Libo and stripped of his forces, fled to Antonius. Basilus and Sallustius with the single legions they commanded, and likewise Antonius, and Hortensius too, hurrying up with a fleet from the Lower Sea, all set out together against Octavius and Libo and were defeated.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar's commanders are defeated in Illyricum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.8 (CSEL 5:396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.9CSEL 5:396
Antonius cum se Octauio cum quindecim cohortibus dedisset, omnes ad Pompeium a Libone deducti sunt. Curio ex Sicilia in Africam cum exercitu transgressus est: quem Iuba rex continuo exceptum cum omnibus copiis trucidauit. Octauius Salonas oppugnare conatus, omnes paene copias quas duxit amisit.
When Antonius had surrendered to Octavius with fifteen cohorts, all were led off by Libo to Pompeius. Curio crossed with an army from Sicily into Africa; King Juba at once met him and slaughtered him with all his forces. Octavius, attempting to storm Salonae, lost almost all the forces he led.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antonius surrenders; Curio dies in Africa.
- This Antonius is Gaius Antonius, Mark Antony's brother.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.9 (CSEL 5:396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.10CSEL 5:396–397
Caelius desciuit a Caesare ac se Miloni exuli iunxit; cumque ambo seruorum manu Capuam oppugnare molirentur, occisi sunt. Bibulus apud Corcyram pudore uictus, quod custodiae eius, quam pelago et oppido praetendebat, hostis inluserat, inedia sese uigiliisque confecit.
Caelius deserted Caesar and joined the exile Milo; and when both were attempting to storm Capua with a band of slaves, they were killed. Bibulus at Corcyra, overcome by shame because the enemy had mocked the guard he maintained over the sea and the town, wore himself out by fasting and sleeplessness.
Notes and citation
Summary: The deaths of Caelius, Milo and Bibulus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.10 (CSEL 5:396–397; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.11CSEL 5:397
Appius Claudius Censorinus, qui iussu Pompei Graeciam tuebatur, iam abolitam Pythici oraculi fidem uoluit experiri: quippe ab eo adacta uates descendere in specum respondisse fertur de bello consulenti: Nihil ad te hoc Romane bellum pertinet, Euboeae coela obtinebis. coela autem uocant Euboicum sinum. ita Appius perplexa incertus sorte discessit.
Appius Claudius Censorinus, who by Pompeius's order was guarding Greece, wished to test the credibility of the Pythian oracle, which had already fallen out of use: for the prophetess, forced by him to go down into the cave, is said to have answered him when he consulted about the war: “This war does not concern you at all, Roman; you will hold the Coela of Euboea.” They call the Euboean gulf the Coela. So Appius went away uncertain because of the obscure lot.
Notes and citation
Summary: Appius consults the Delphic oracle.
- The story is also in Valerius Maximus 1.8.10; Appius died in Euboea before Pharsalus.
Topics: Magic, divination, and astrology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.11 (CSEL 5:397; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.12CSEL 5:397
Admonet nos aliquid ab obtrectatoribus nostris consultor iste consulere. queruntur utique fide Christianorum sibi sacra interdicta caerimoniasque sublatas et ob hoc ideo maxime, quod extis uaticiniisque cessantibus futurae clades, quia sciri nequeunt, non uitantur.
This consulter reminds us to consult something about our detractors. They complain above all that by the faith of the Christians their rites have been forbidden and their ceremonies taken away, and chiefly for this reason, that with entrails and prophecies ceasing, future disasters, because they cannot be known, are not avoided.
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans blame Christians for the end of divination.
Topics: Magic, divination, and astrology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.12 (CSEL 5:397; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.13CSEL 5:397
cur ergo longe ante imperium Caesaris natiuitatemque Christi, sicut ipsorum auctores adtestantur, abolita fuerat Pythici oraculi fides? abolita autem ideo, quia contempta. porro autem quare contempta, nisi quia uel falsa uel uana uel dubia? unde prudenter poeta praemonuit: Inconsulti abeunt sedemque odere Sibyllae.
Why then, long before the rule of Caesar and the birth of Christ, as their own authors testify, had the credibility of the Pythian oracle been abolished? It was abolished because it was despised. And why was it despised, except because it was false, or vain, or doubtful? Hence the poet wisely warned beforehand: “They go away unadvised and hate the seat of the Sibyl.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The oracle had failed long before Christ.
- Virgil, Aeneid 3.452.
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil, Aen. 3.452 (Virgil; quotation)
Topics: Magic, divination, and astrology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.13 (CSEL 5:397; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.14CSEL 5:397–398
Et ne forte parui id pendant, quod contemptu abolitum atque antiquatum fuit, hoc est aut numen aut sedem: Apollo ille Pythius erat, quem ferunt magno illo Pythone serpente interfecto, totius uaticinationis auctore et principe, heredem et sedis et diuinationis et numinis exstitisse ibique eum reddere elegisse responsa, ubi orta cum auctore ipsa diuinatio uidebatur,
And lest perhaps they make little of what was abolished and made obsolete by contempt, that is, either the deity or its seat: it was that Pythian Apollo, who, they say, having killed that great serpent Python, author and chief of all prophecy, became heir of the seat, the divination, and the deity, and chose to give his answers there, where divination itself seemed to have arisen with its author;
Notes and citation
Summary: The Pythian Apollo was the chief of oracles.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray hyphen): erat, -quem → erat, quem.
Topics: Magic, divination, and astrology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.14 (CSEL 5:397–398; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.15CSEL 5:398
praeterea quem per alias quoque terrarum partes spumantibus buccis rabidoque discursu omnis furiatorum ructat insania, ad quem plurimi terrarum reges quasi ad uiuam uocem consulti numinis cucurrerunt, cui saepissime ipsi quoque Romani opulentissima dona miserunt.
moreover, he whom all the madness of the frenzied belches out in other parts of the earth too, with foaming mouths and raving rushing about; to whom very many kings of the earth ran as to the living voice of a consulted deity; to whom the Romans themselves very often sent the richest gifts.
Notes and citation
Summary: Apollo was revered by kings and Romans.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): terrarum partee → terrarum partes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.15 (CSEL 5:398; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.16CSEL 5:398
at si Apollo iste Pythius paulatim discernente experientia contemptus relictus atque abolitus est, quid uiuum de mortua pecude, quid uerum de amente muliercula sperari potest? quid postremo, Inflauit cum pinguis ebur Tyrrhenus ad aras, expositis opimae pecudis intestinis, non finget esuriens, si, ut ipsi fatentur, uel obscura uel falsa dicendo ipse Apollo seducit?
But if this Pythian Apollo, as experience gradually discerned, was despised, abandoned, and abolished, what living truth can be hoped from a dead beast, what truth from a mad little woman? Finally, what will not the hungry man invent “when the fat Tyrrhenian has blown his ivory pipe at the altars,” with the entrails of a fat victim laid out, if, as they themselves confess, Apollo himself leads astray by saying things either obscure or false?
Notes and citation
Summary: If Apollo deceived, haruspices are no better.
- Virgil, Georgics 2.193; the “hungry man” is the haruspex inspecting the entrails.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): lnflauit → Inflauit.
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil, Georg. 2.193 (Virgil; quotation)
Topics: Magic, divination, and astrology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.16 (CSEL 5:398; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.17CSEL 5:398–399
quamobrem aequo animo ferant, etsi imitari interim nolunt, nos id ueritatis iudicio etiam prohibere, quod potuerunt maiores eorum uel experiendo contemnere.
So let them bear calmly, even if for the present they do not wish to imitate it, that we by the judgment of truth also forbid what their ancestors could despise even by experience.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christians forbid what pagans already despised.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.17 (CSEL 5:398–399; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.18CSEL 5:399
Interea apud Dyrrachium multi Orientis reges ad Pompeium cum auxiliis conuenerunt. quo cum Caesar uenisset, Pompeium obsidione frustra cinxit, ipse terram quindecim m. p. fossa praestruens, cum illi maria paterent.
Meanwhile at Dyrrachium many kings of the East came to Pompeius with auxiliaries. When Caesar came there, he surrounded Pompeius with a siege in vain, fencing off fifteen miles of land with a ditch, while the seas lay open to them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar besieges Pompey at Dyrrachium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.18 (CSEL 5:399; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.19CSEL 5:399
Pompeius castellum quoddam propinquum mari, quod Marcellinus tuebatur, euertit praesidiaque Caesaris, quae ibidem morabantur, occidit. Caesar Torquatum legionemque unam, ut expugnaret, adgressus est.
Pompeius overthrew a certain fort near the sea, which Marcellinus was guarding, and killed Caesar's garrisons that were stationed there. Caesar attacked Torquatus and one legion to storm it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fighting at Dyrrachium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.19 (CSEL 5:399; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.20CSEL 5:399
hoc periculo sociorum Pompeius cognito omnes eo copias contraxit: in quem se ilico Caesar omissa obsidione conuertit. Torquatus autem e uestigio prorumpens auersum insecutus est.
When Pompeius learned of this danger to his allies, he drew all his forces there; Caesar at once abandoned the siege and turned against him. Torquatus, bursting out at once, pursued him from behind.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar is caught between two forces.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.20 (CSEL 5:399; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.21CSEL 5:399
ita Caesaris milites ancipiti periculo territi ipso Caesare frustra obsistente fugerunt. Pompeius uero Caesaris quoque testimonio uictor persequentem reuocauit exercitum. quattuor milia militum Caesaris, centuriones uiginti et duo, equites Romani conplures in eo proelio caesi sunt.
So Caesar's soldiers, terrified by danger on both sides, fled, though Caesar himself vainly resisted. But Pompeius, the victor even by Caesar's testimony, called back his pursuing army. Four thousand of Caesar's soldiers, twenty-two centurions, and a number of Roman knights were slain in that battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar's defeat at Dyrrachium.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ancipiti perioulo → ancipiti periculo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.21 (CSEL 5:399; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.22CSEL 5:399
Caesar inde citato agmine per Epirum in Thessaliam perrexit; Pompeius cum maximis copiis secutus bellumque commissum est.
From there Caesar went on by forced march through Epirus into Thessaly; Pompeius followed with very great forces, and battle was joined.
Notes and citation
Summary: The armies move to Thessaly.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.22 (CSEL 5:399; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.23CSEL 5:399–400
itaque instruitur utrimque acies. Pompeius octoginta et octo cohortes triplici ordine locauit: fuerunt autem peditum quadraginta milia, equites in sinistro cornu sescenti, in dextro quingenti, praeterea reges multi, senatores equitesque Romani plurimi, absque leuium armaturarum magna copia.
So the battle lines were drawn up on both sides. Pompeius placed eighty-eight cohorts in a triple line: there were forty thousand infantry, six hundred cavalry on the left wing and five hundred on the right, besides many kings and very many senators and Roman knights, apart from a great body of light-armed troops.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey's battle line at Pharsalus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.23 (CSEL 5:399–400; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.24CSEL 5:400
Caesar similiter octoginta cohortes triplici ordine disposuit, cui fuerunt minus quam triginta milia peditum, equites mille.
Caesar likewise arranged eighty cohorts in a triple line; he had fewer than thirty thousand infantry and a thousand cavalry.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar's battle line.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.24 (CSEL 5:400; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.25CSEL 5:400
uidere ibi et gemere erat contractas Romanorum uires in campis Pharsalicis ad occisionem mutuam constitisse, quas si concordia rexisset, nulli populi, nulli reges ferre potuissent.
There one could see and groan that the gathered strength of the Romans had taken its stand on the plains of Pharsalus for mutual slaughter, strength which, had concord ruled it, no peoples, no kings could have withstood.
Notes and citation
Summary: Roman strength turned on itself.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.25 (CSEL 5:400; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-25
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.26CSEL 5:400
prima congressione equitatus Pompei pulsus sinistra latera nudauit. deinde cum diu utrimque dubia sorte caederentur atque ex alia parte Pompeius inter hortandum diceret parce ciuibus nec tamen faceret, ex alia uero Caesar hoc faceret, quod urgeret dicens miles, faciem feri, tandem uniuersus Pompei fugit exercitus, castraque direpta.
At the first clash Pompeius's cavalry was driven back and left the left flank bare. Then, when they had long been cut down on both sides with doubtful fortune, and on one side Pompeius in his exhortation was saying “Spare the citizens,” and yet not doing so, while on the other Caesar was doing what he urged, saying “Soldier, strike the face,” at last Pompeius's whole army fled, and the camp was plundered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey is defeated at Pharsalus.
- Caesar's order to strike at the face is also in Florus and Plutarch.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.26 (CSEL 5:400; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-26
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.27CSEL 5:400–401
sunt. caesa sunt in eo proelio Pompeianorum quindecim milia, centuriones triginta et tres. hic exitus pugnae ad Palaeopharsalum fuit. Pompeius fugiens in ostio Penei amnis onerariam nauem nanctus in Asiam transiit.
Fifteen thousand Pompeians and thirty-three centurions were slain in that battle. This was the outcome of the battle at Old Pharsalus. Pompeius, fleeing, found a merchant ship at the mouth of the river Peneus and crossed into Asia.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey flees after Pharsalus.
- The first word (“sunt”) completes “direpta sunt” of 6.15.26.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.27 (CSEL 5:400–401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-27). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-27
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.28CSEL 5:401
inde per Cyprom in Aegyptum uenit ibique mox ut litus attigit, iussu Ptolemaei adulescentis in gratiam Caesaris uictoris occisus est. Pompei uxor filiique fugerunt; cetera Pompeiana classis direpta est omnibus qui in ea erant crudelissime trucidatis, ibique et Pompeius Bithynicus occisus est. Lentulus uero uir consularis apud Pelusium interfectus est.
From there he came through Cyprus to Egypt, and there, as soon as he touched the shore, he was killed by order of the young Ptolemy to win the favor of the victorious Caesar. Pompeius's wife and sons fled; the rest of the Pompeian fleet was plundered, all who were in it being most cruelly slaughtered, and there Pompeius Bithynicus too was killed. Lentulus, a man of consular rank, was killed at Pelusium.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey is murdered in Egypt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.28 (CSEL 5:401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-28
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.29CSEL 5:401
Caesar conpositis apud Thessaliam rebus Alexandriam uenit perlatoque ad se ac uiso Pompei capite anuloque fleuit; cumque se in regiam recepisset, eludebatur a tutoribus, quominus pecuniam acciperet, templa sua astu spoliantibus, ut et regios thesauros uacuos esse ostenderent et in inuidiam Caesaris populum concitarent.
Caesar, having settled affairs in Thessaly, came to Alexandria, and when Pompeius's head and ring were brought to him and he saw them, he wept; and when he had withdrawn into the palace, he was being cheated of receiving money by the guardians, who were cunningly stripping their own temples, so as both to show that the royal treasures were empty and to rouse the people to hatred of Caesar.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar weeps over Pompey's head in Alexandria.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Alemndriam → Alexandriam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.29 (CSEL 5:401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-29
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.30CSEL 5:401
praeterea Achillas dux regius, imbutus semel Pompei sanguine, Caesaris quoque necem meditabatur. nam iussus exercitum dimittere, cui praeerat, uiginti milium armatorum, non modo spreuit imperium, uerum et aciem direxit.
Moreover, Achillas, the royal general, once stained with Pompeius's blood, was planning Caesar's death too. For, ordered to dismiss the army he commanded, of twenty thousand armed men, he not only scorned the command but drew up a battle line.
Notes and citation
Summary: Achillas turns on Caesar.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.30 (CSEL 5:401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-30). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-30
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.31CSEL 5:401–402
in ipso proelio regia classis forte subducta iubetur incendi. ea flamma cum partem quoque urbis inuasisset, quadringenta milia librorum proximis forte aedibus condita exussit, singulare profecto monumentum studii curaeque maiorum, qui tot tantaque inlustrium ingeniorum opera congesserant.
In the battle itself the royal fleet, which happened to be drawn up on shore, was ordered to be burned. When that fire had spread to part of the city too, it burned four hundred thousand books stored, as it happened, in nearby buildings, truly a unique monument of the zeal and care of the ancestors, who had gathered so many and such great works of illustrious minds.
Notes and citation
Summary: Books burn at Alexandria.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.31 (CSEL 5:401–402; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-31). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-31
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.32CSEL 5:402
unde quamlibet hodieque in templis extent, quae et nos uidimus, armaria librorum, quibus direptis exinanita ea a nostris hominibus nostris temporibus memorent — quod quidem uerum est —, tamen honestius creditur alios libros fuisse quaesitos, qui pristinas studiorum curas aemularentur, quam aliam ullam tunc fuisse bibliothecam, quae extra quadringenta milia librorum fuisse ac per hoc euasisse credatur.
Hence, although even today there are book cupboards in the temples, which we ourselves have seen, and when these were plundered, they report, they were emptied by our own men in our own times (which indeed is true), yet it is more honorable to believe that other books were sought out to rival the former care for learning, than that there was at that time any other library, which might be believed to have existed apart from the four hundred thousand books and so to have escaped.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius on the libraries he saw in Alexandria.
- The sense of the long sentence is debated; Orosius seems to mean that the cupboards he saw held later collections, emptied in his own day by Christians (“our own men”).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.32 (CSEL 5:402; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-32). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-32
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.33CSEL 5:402
Caesar postea insulam, ubi Pharos est, cepit. eo Achillas cum Gabinianis militibus uenit. ingens pugna commissa est: magna ibi Caesarianorum militum multitudo cecidit, omnes etiam interfectores Pompei interfecti sunt.
Afterward Caesar took the island where the Pharos is. Achillas came there with the Gabinian soldiers. A huge battle was fought: a great multitude of Caesar's soldiers fell there, and also all the murderers of Pompeius were killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Battle at the Pharos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.33 (CSEL 5:402; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-33). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-33
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.15.34CSEL 5:402–403
Caesar ui insistentium hostium pressus scapham escendit: qua mox pondere subsequentium grauata ac mersa, per ducentos passus ad nauem una manu eleuata, qua chartas tenebat, nando peruenit, mox nauali certamine pulsatus, magna felicitate classem regiam aut depressit aut cepit.
Caesar, pressed by the force of the enemy bearing down, climbed into a skiff; when it was soon weighed down and sunk by the weight of those following, he reached a ship by swimming two hundred paces, holding up one hand in which he held papers; soon, attacked in a naval fight, with great good fortune he either sank or captured the royal fleet.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar swims to safety.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): soapham escendit → scapham escendit; classem regiam ant depressit → classem regiam aut depressit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.15.34 (CSEL 5:402–403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-34). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-15-34
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 16
6.16.1CSEL 5:403
Alexandrinis petentibus regem reddidit monitum, ut magis amicitiam Romanam quam arma experiri studeret; qui tamen ilico ut liber fuit bellum intulit, sed continuo cum toto exercitu suo et ipse deletus est. nam uiginti milia hominum in eo bello caesa referuntur, duodecim milia cum septuaginta longis nauibus dedita, quingenti ex uictoribus cecidisse dicuntur.
When the Alexandrians asked for it, he gave them back their king, warning him to strive to experience Roman friendship rather than Roman arms; yet as soon as he was free he made war, but at once he himself was destroyed with his whole army. For twenty thousand men are reported to have been slain in that war, and twelve thousand surrendered with seventy warships; five hundred of the victors are said to have fallen.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ptolemy's war and defeat.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): longis nanibus → longis nauibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.16.1 (CSEL 5:403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.16.2CSEL 5:403
rex ipse adulescens scapha exceptus ut fugeret, multis insilientibus mersus necatusque est; corpus eius ad litus deuolutum indicio loricae aureae cognitum fuit: qua Caesar Alexandriam praemissa Alexandrinos omnes ad deditionem desperatione conpulit regnumque Aegypti Cleopatrae dedit.
The young king himself, taken into a skiff to flee, was sunk and killed as many leaped in; his body, washed up on the shore, was recognized by the evidence of his golden breastplate; Caesar sent it ahead to Alexandria and so drove all the Alexandrians by despair to surrender, and gave the kingdom of Egypt to Cleopatra.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ptolemy drowns; Cleopatra receives Egypt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.16.2 (CSEL 5:403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.16.3CSEL 5:403
inde Syriam peruagatus Pharnacem in Ponto uicit. postea uero quam Romam uenit, dictator et consul creatus in Africam transiit et apud Thapsum cum Iuba et Scipione pugnauit maximamque ibi hominum multitudinem interfecit. castra utriusque direpta sunt, sexaginta elephanti capti.
Then, having traveled through Syria, he defeated Pharnaces in Pontus. After he came to Rome, he was made dictator and consul, crossed into Africa, and fought at Thapsus with Juba and Scipio, killing a very great multitude of men there. The camps of both were plundered and sixty elephants captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar wins at Zela and Thapsus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.16.3 (CSEL 5:403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.16.4CSEL 5:403–404
Cato sese apud Vticam occidit; Iuba percussori iugulum pretio dato praebuit, Petreius eodem se gladio perfodit; Scipio in naui, qua ad Hispaniam fugere contendens uento coactus in Africam redierat, semet ipse iugulauit.
Cato killed himself at Utica; Juba, having paid an assassin, offered him his throat; Petreius ran himself through with the same sword; Scipio, in the ship in which he had tried to flee to Spain and had been forced back to Africa by the wind, cut his own throat.
Notes and citation
Summary: The deaths of Cato, Juba, Petreius and Scipio.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Scipio in nani → Scipio in naui.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.16.4 (CSEL 5:403–404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.16.5CSEL 5:404
in eadem naui etiam T. Torquatus occisus est. Caesar Pompei Magni nepotes filiamque Pompeiam simulque cum his Faustum Sullam et Afranium et Petreium filiam iussit occidi.
In the same ship Titus Torquatus too was killed. Caesar ordered the grandsons of Pompeius the Great and his daughter Pompeia to be killed, and together with them Faustus Sulla, Afranius, and the son of Petreius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar's executions.
- “Petreium filiam” as printed; read “Petrei filium,” the son of Petreius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): in eadem nani → in eadem naui.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.16.5 (CSEL 5:404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.16.6CSEL 5:404
inde quattuor triumphis Vrbem ingressus, disposito recuperatae reipublicae statu continuo in Hispanias contra Pompeios Pompei filios profectus, septimo decimo quam egressus ab Vrbe fuerat die Saguntum peruenit statimque aduersus Pompeios duos et Labienum atque Attium Varum multa bella et uaria sorte gessit.
Then, entering the City with four triumphs, after settling the state of the recovered commonwealth, he set out at once to the Spains against the Pompeii, the sons of Pompeius, reached Saguntum on the seventeenth day after leaving the City, and at once fought many battles with varying fortune against the two Pompeii, Labienus, and Attius Varus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar campaigns in Spain against Pompey's sons.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Cyrillic letter in the digital text): Нispanias → Hispanias.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.16.6 (CSEL 5:404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.16.7CSEL 5:404–405
ultimum bellum apud Mundam flumen gestum est, ubi tantis uiribus dimicatum tantaque caedes acta, ut Caesar quoque, ueteranis etiam suis cedere non erubescentibus, cum caedi cogique aciem suam cerneret, praeuenire morte futurum uicti dedecus cogitarit, cum subito uersus in fugam Pompeiorum cessit exercitus.
The last battle was fought at the river Munda, where they fought with such strength and such slaughter was done that Caesar too, when even his veterans did not blush to give way and he saw his line being cut down and driven back, thought of forestalling by death the future disgrace of defeat, when suddenly the army of the Pompeii turned in flight and gave way.
Notes and citation
Summary: The battle of Munda.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.16.7 (CSEL 5:404–405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.16.8CSEL 5:405
equidem eo die hoc bellum actum est, quo Pompeius pater ab Vrbe bellum gesturus aufugerat, quattuorque annis hoc bellum ciuile indesinenter toto Orbe tonuit. T. Labienus et Attius Varus in acie caesi sunt. Gnaeus Pompeius cum centesimo equite aufugit.
Indeed, this battle was fought on the same day on which the elder Pompeius had fled from the City to wage war; and for four years this civil war thundered unceasingly over the whole world. Titus Labienus and Attius Varus were slain in the battle line. Gnaeus Pompeius fled with a hundred horsemen.
Notes and citation
Summary: The end of the civil war in Spain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.16.8 (CSEL 5:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.16.9CSEL 5:405
frater eius eane Pompeius contracta celeriter non parua Lusitanorum manu, cum Caesonio congressus et uictus fugiensque interfectus est. Munda ciuitas cum immensa hominum caede Caesare oppugnante uix capta est.
His brother Pompeius quickly gathered no small band of Lusitanians, engaged Caesonius, was defeated, and was killed while fleeing. The city of Munda, attacked by Caesar, was barely taken with immense slaughter of men.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The younger Pompey is killed; Munda falls.
- “eane” in the digital text is corrupt. Orosius here confuses the brothers: it was Gnaeus who was killed after Munda; Sextus survived (6.18.19).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.16.9 (CSEL 5:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-16-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 17
6.17.1CSEL 5:405
Caesar Romam rediit. ubi dum reipublicae statum contra exempla maiorum clementer instaurat, auctoribus Bruto et Cassio, conscio etiam plurimo senatu, in curia uiginti et tribus uulneribus confossus interiit.
Caesar returned to Rome. There, while he was mercifully restoring the state of the commonwealth, contrary to the examples of the ancestors, he was stabbed with twenty-three wounds in the senate house and died, Brutus and Cassius being the authors, with a very large part of the senate also privy to it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar is assassinated.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray accent in the digital text): Înstaurat → instaurat.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.17.1 (CSEL 5:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.17.2CSEL 5:405
in qua coniuratione fuisse amplius sexaginta conscios ferunt. duo Bruti et C. Cassius aliique socii strictis pugionibus in Capitolium secesserunt. diu deliberatum est, utrum Capitolium cum auctoribus caedis oporteret incendi.
They say there were more than sixty in the conspiracy. The two Bruti and Gaius Cassius and other associates withdrew with drawn daggers to the Capitol. It was long debated whether the Capitol should be burned with the authors of the murder.
Notes and citation
Summary: The conspirators retreat to the Capitol.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.17.2 (CSEL 5:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.17.3CSEL 5:405
corpus eius raptum populus dolore instimulatus in foro fragmentis tribunalium ac subselliorum cremauit.
His body was seized by the people, goaded by grief, and burned in the forum on fragments of the tribunals and benches.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar's body is burned in the forum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.17.3 (CSEL 5:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.17.4CSEL 5:405–406
Percensuit latitudinem regni sui Roma cladibus suis atque in suam conuersa caedem singulas quasque gentes ibidem, ubi domuit, uindicauit. Asiae Europae atque Africae, non dico tribus mundi partibus sed totis trium partium angulis edidit gladiatores suos feriatisque inimicis spectaculum miserae ultionis ingessit.
Rome reckoned up the breadth of her kingdom by her own disasters and, turned to her own slaughter, avenged each nation in the very place where she had subdued it. From Asia, Europe, and Africa, not I say from three parts of the world, but from all the corners of the three parts, she put forward her gladiators and set before her enemies, now at leisure, the spectacle of a wretched vengeance.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome's civil wars avenged the nations she had conquered.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Roma oladibus → Roma cladibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.17.4 (CSEL 5:405–406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.17.5CSEL 5:406
nec tamen sufficit ipsas quoque cum auctoribus causas fuisse consumptas; recidiua semina in eodem agro germinant, magna continuo metentibus malorum incrementa cum magno sudore factura: uictor ciuilis belli a ciuibus Caesar occiditur, in caedem unius trahuntur agmina consciorum.
Nor is it enough that the causes themselves too were consumed with their authors; recurring seeds sprout in the same field, soon to yield those who reap great increases of evils with great sweat: the victor of the civil war, Caesar, is killed by citizens; columns of accomplices are drawn into the murder of one man.
Notes and citation
Summary: Civil war breeds more civil war.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.17.5 (CSEL 5:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.17.6CSEL 5:406
certum enim erat, quia Caesar indigne peremptus plures habere posset ultores; plurimaque nobilitas una simul catena sceleris copulatur, ne forte tanta malorum materia non belli magnitudine suppleatur sed uindictae breuitate tenuetur.
For it was certain that Caesar, unworthily slain, could have many avengers; and very much of the nobility is bound together in one chain of crime, lest so great a material of evils should be diminished by the brevity of vengeance rather than filled up by the greatness of war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Many nobles are bound to the crime.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.17.6 (CSEL 5:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.17.7CSEL 5:406
Medeam illam fabulae ferunt dentes quondam occisi seuisse serpentis, e quibus quasi conpetens semini seges armati homines terra emerserint seseque mox inuicem pugnando prostrauerint.
The fables say that Medea once sowed the teeth of a slain serpent, from which, as a crop suited to the seed, armed men rose from the earth and soon struck each other down in fighting.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fable of the dragon's teeth.
- The sowing of the dragon's teeth is told of Jason at Colchis, with Medea's help.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.17.7 (CSEL 5:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.17.8CSEL 5:406
equidem hoc poetarum commenta finxerunt; nostra autem Roma Caesare occiso quanta de cineribus eius agmina armata parturiit! quanta bella in testimonium miserae fecunditatis non legenda pueris sed spectanda populis excitauit!
This indeed was invented by the fictions of the poets; but our Rome, when Caesar was killed, what armed columns she brought forth from his ashes! What wars she stirred up, as witness of her wretched fertility, not to be read by boys but to be watched by peoples!
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome's civil wars were the real dragon's teeth.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip and stray period; stray period): nostra. autem → nostra autem; nen legenda. pueris → non legenda pueris.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.17.8 (CSEL 5:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.17.9CSEL 5:406–407
et tamen horum omnium malorum initium superbia est: inde exarserunt bella ciuilia, inde iterum pullularunt. non ergo iniusta caedes est eorum, qui eam iniuste consectantur, si ambitionis aemulatio per ipsos atque in ipsis et agitur et punitur, donec qui detrectauere collegium, discant ferre dominatum, summaque imperii totius ad unum redacta longe aliud omnes homines uiuendi genus subeant, ut omnes humiliter placere studeant, non insolenter offendere.
And yet the beginning of all these evils is pride: from it the civil wars blazed up, from it they sprouted again. So the slaughter of those who pursue it unjustly is not unjust, if the rivalry of ambition is both carried on and punished through themselves and in themselves, until those who refused a partnership learn to bear a lordship, and, the sum of the whole empire reduced to one, all men enter on a far different kind of life, so that all strive to please humbly, not to offend insolently.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pride caused the civil wars; one ruler taught humility.
- “The beginning … is pride”: compare Sir 10:13 (Vulg. 10:15).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): discant ferre dominatam → discant ferre dominatum.
Extrabiblical texts: Sir 10:13 (Sirach [in RC, EO, ETH canons]; allusion)
Topics: Humility and pride
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.17.9 (CSEL 5:406–407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.17.10CSEL 5:407
sed ad tam salubrem humilitatis doctrinam magistro opus est. itaque opportune conpositis rebus Augusti Caesaris natus est Dominus Christus, qui cum in forma Dei esset, formam serui humiliter adsumpsit, ut tunc demum aptior fieret humilitatis institutio, quando iam per totum mundum poena superbiae omnibus esset exemplo.
But for so wholesome a teaching of humility a teacher is needed. So, at an opportune time, when the affairs of Augustus Caesar had been settled, the Lord Christ was born, “who, though he was in the form of God,” humbly “took the form of a servant,” so that the instruction in humility might then at last be the more fitting, when the punishment of pride was now an example to all throughout the whole world.
Phil 2:6–7 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ was born to teach humility.
- Quotation of Phil 2:6–7.
Topics: Christology, Humility and pride
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.17.10 (CSEL 5:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-17-10
BibTeX · RIS · CSL-JSON (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-orosius-historiae-6-17-10) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).