Seven Books of History against the Pagans 6.18.1–7.1.11
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 6, chapter 18
6.18.1CSEL 5:407
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCX interfecto Iulio Caesare Octauianus, qui testamento Iuli Caesaris auunculi et hereditatem et nomen adsumpserat idemque, qui postea rerum potitus Augustus est dictus, simul ut Romam adulescens admodum uenit, indolem suam bellis ciuilibus uouit.
In the 710th year from the founding of the City, when Julius Caesar had been killed, Octavian, who by the will of his great-uncle Julius Caesar had taken both his inheritance and his name, and who afterward, when he had gained supreme power, was called Augustus, as soon as he came to Rome, still quite a young man, dedicated his talent to civil wars.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian enters the civil wars.
- “auunculi” (uncle) as printed; Caesar was Octavian's great-uncle.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.1 (CSEL 5:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.2CSEL 5:407
nam, ut breuiter coaceruationem malorum explicem, bella ciuilia quinque gessit: Mutinense Philippense Perusinum Siculum Actiacum. e quibus duo, hoc est primum ac nouissimum, aduersus M. Antonium, secundum aduersus Brutum et Cassium, tertium aduersus L. Antonium, quartum aduersus Sex. Pompeium, Cn. Pompei filium, confecit.
For, to set out briefly the heap of evils, he waged five civil wars: of Mutina, Philippi, Perusia, Sicily, and Actium. Of these, he fought two, that is, the first and the last, against Marcus Antonius, the second against Brutus and Cassius, the third against Lucius Antonius, the fourth against Sextus Pompeius, son of Gnaeus Pompeius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian's five civil wars.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.2 (CSEL 5:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.3CSEL 5:407–408
Antonius a senatu hostis pronuntiatus D. Brutum apud Mutinam obsidione concluserat. consules Hirtius et Pansa et cum his Caesar ad liberandum Brutum expugnandumque Antonium missi.
Antonius, declared an enemy by the senate, had shut in Decimus Brutus by siege at Mutina. The consuls Hirtius and Pansa, and with them Caesar, were sent to free Brutus and defeat Antonius.
Notes and citation
Summary: The war of Mutina.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.3 (CSEL 5:407–408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.4CSEL 5:408
Pansa primo ueniens exceptus insidiis, inter suorum clades ipse quoque pilo grauiter uulneratus ab eodem uulnere interpositis diebus est mortuus. Hirtius auxilium collegae ferens magnas Antonii copias uasta strage deleuit. Caesar eatenus castra custodiit.
Pansa, arriving first, was caught in an ambush, and amid the slaughter of his men he too was gravely wounded by a javelin and died of that wound after some days. Hirtius, bringing help to his colleague, destroyed Antonius's great forces with vast slaughter. Caesar meanwhile guarded the camp.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pansa is wounded; Hirtius defeats Antony.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): pilo graruiter → pilo grauiter; Caesar catenus → Caesar eatenus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.4 (CSEL 5:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.5CSEL 5:408
secunda aduersus Antonium pugna magnae utrimque strages actae sunt. namque tunc ibi Hirtius consul occisus est, uictus fugit Antonius, Caesar uictoria potitus est, cui D. Brutus de coniuratione occisi Iuli Caesaris confessus preces paenitentiae fudit.
In the second battle against Antonius great slaughter was done on both sides. For the consul Hirtius was then killed there, Antonius fled defeated, and Caesar gained the victory; to him Decimus Brutus, confessing his part in the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar, poured out prayers of repentance.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antony is defeated; Hirtius dies.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.5 (CSEL 5:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.6CSEL 5:408
Dolabella Trebonium, unum ex interfectoribus Caesaris, Zmyrnae interfecit. Dolabellam senatus hostem pronuntiauit. consulum occisorum uterque exercitus Caesari paruit.
Dolabella killed Trebonius, one of Caesar's murderers, at Smyrna. The senate declared Dolabella an enemy. Both armies of the slain consuls obeyed Caesar.
Notes and citation
Summary: Dolabella kills Trebonius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.6 (CSEL 5:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.7CSEL 5:408
postea D. Brutus in Gallia a Sequanis captus et occisus est. Basilus autem, aeque unus de percussoribus, manu seruorum suorum necatus est.
Afterward Decimus Brutus was captured and killed in Gaul by the Sequani. Basilus too, likewise one of the assassins, was killed by a band of his own slaves.
Notes and citation
Summary: More of the assassins die.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.7 (CSEL 5:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.8CSEL 5:408
Lepido satisagente Caesar Antonium recepit in gratiam atque ob fidem reconciliatae gratiae filiam eius matrimonio sortitus est.
Through Lepidus's efforts Caesar received Antonius back into favor, and as a pledge of the reconciliation he took his daughter in marriage.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian is reconciled with Antony.
- In fact Octavian married Clodia, Antony's stepdaughter (daughter of Fulvia); compare 6.18.17.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Caesar Antoniam recepit → Caesar Antonium recepit.
Topics: Marriage
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.8 (CSEL 5:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.9CSEL 5:408
inde cum ad Vrbem accessissent ac rumor de futura proscriptione ortus esset, C. Thoranius uir praetorius nihil tale metuens incursu militum domi suae interfectus est aliique conplures trucidati sunt.
Then, when they had approached the City and a rumor of a coming proscription had arisen, Gaius Thoranius, a man of praetorian rank, fearing no such thing, was killed in his own house by an assault of soldiers, and a number of others were slaughtered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Murders before the proscription.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.9 (CSEL 5:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.10CSEL 5:408–409
itaque, ne latius atque effrenatius incircumscripta caedes ageretur, centum triginta et duum senatorum nomina in tabula proposita sunt, primum Lepidi praecepto et nomine, deinde Antonii, tertio Caesaris.
So, lest unlimited slaughter be carried on more widely and more unrestrainedly, the names of a hundred and thirty-two senators were posted on a list, first at the order and in the name of Lepidus, then of Antonius, third of Caesar.
Notes and citation
Summary: The triumvirs' proscription list.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.10 (CSEL 5:408–409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.11CSEL 5:409
ibi Antonius Tullium Ciceronem inimicum suum, ibi L. Caesarem auunculum suum et — quod exaggerando sceleri accessit — uiua matre proscripserat; ibi Lepidus L. Paulum fratrem suum in eundem proscriptorum gregem coniecerat.
There Antonius had proscribed his enemy Tullius Cicero, there his uncle Lucius Caesar, and, what added to the enormity of the crime, while his mother was alive; there Lepidus had thrown his brother Lucius Paulus into the same herd of the proscribed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cicero and kinsmen are proscribed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Ciceronem inimicam suam → Ciceronem inimicum suum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.11 (CSEL 5:409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.12CSEL 5:409
adiecti sunt postea ad numerum proscriptorum triginta equites Romani. multae diu et uariae caedes actae, domus proscriptorum direptis omnibus dirutae sunt.
Thirty Roman knights were afterward added to the number of the proscribed. Many and various slaughters were carried out for a long time; the houses of the proscribed, after everything was plundered, were torn down.
Notes and citation
Summary: More proscriptions and plunder.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): prosoriptorum → proscriptorum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.12 (CSEL 5:409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.13CSEL 5:409
at Dolabella in Syria multa cum Cassio bella gessit, a quo uictus ipse se interfecit. Brutus et Cassius magnis exercitibus conparatis apud Athenas conuenerunt totamque Graeciam depopulati sunt. Rhodios Cassius terra marique oppugnatos ad deditionem coegit, quibus praeter uitam nihil reliquit.
But Dolabella waged many wars in Syria with Cassius, by whom he was defeated and killed himself. Brutus and Cassius, having gathered great armies, met at Athens and laid waste all Greece. Cassius attacked the Rhodians by land and sea and forced them to surrender, leaving them nothing but their lives.
Notes and citation
Summary: Dolabella dies; Brutus and Cassius ravage Greece.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip and missing full stop): a qao uictus ipse se interfecit Brutus → a quo uictus ipse se interfecit. Brutus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.13 (CSEL 5:409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.14CSEL 5:409
igitur Caesar et Antonius eosdem in Macedoniam magnis bellorum apparatibus persecuti, ad mortem conpulerunt; quamuis manifestissime illa tunc pugna non uirtute partis, Antoni, sed Caesaris felicitate confecta sit.
So Caesar and Antonius pursued them into Macedonia with great preparations of war and drove them to death; although that battle was then quite plainly decided not by the courage of the party of Antonius but by the good fortune of Caesar.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philippi was won by Octavian's luck.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.14 (CSEL 5:409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.15CSEL 5:409–410
Caesar enim tunc aeger, cum se in castris capiendae quietis causa tenere statuisset, hortatu et precibus medici sui, qui per somnium admonitum sese fatebatur, ut ea die castris Caesarem salutis ipsius causa educeret, in campum aegre inter copias egressus est ac mox castra eius ab hostibus capta sunt. sed rursus Caesariani milites Cassi castra ceperunt.
For Caesar, then sick, when he had decided to keep to the camp to take rest, at the urging and prayers of his physician, who declared that he had been warned in a dream to lead Caesar out of the camp that day for the sake of his safety, went out with difficulty into the field among the troops, and soon his camp was taken by the enemy. But Caesar's soldiers in turn took the camp of Cassius.
Notes and citation
Summary: A dream saves Octavian at Philippi.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Caesar enim tnnc → Caesar enim tunc.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.15 (CSEL 5:409–410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.16CSEL 5:410
quare ad desperationem adacti Brutus et Cassius immaturam sibi mortem ante belli terminum consciuerunt. nam inuitatis percussoribus Cassius caput, Brutus latus praebuit.
So Brutus and Cassius, driven to despair, brought on themselves an untimely death before the end of the war. For having called in assassins, Cassius offered his head, Brutus his side.
Notes and citation
Summary: Brutus and Cassius kill themselves.
Topics: Killing and murder
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.16 (CSEL 5:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.17CSEL 5:410
at Romae Fuluia, uxor Antoni, socrus Caesaris, dominatum ut mulier agitabat, incertum in hac mutatione consularis regiique fastigii utrum deficientis potentiae ultima an incipientis prima numeranda, certe etiam in eos insolens, per quos ut insolesceret agebatur.
But at Rome Fulvia, wife of Antonius and mother-in-law of Caesar, was exercising domination as a woman would; in this change of consular and royal eminence it is uncertain whether she should be counted the last of a failing power or the first of a beginning one; certainly she was insolent even toward those through whom it came about that she could be insolent.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fulvia's domination at Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.17 (CSEL 5:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.18CSEL 5:410
nam et Caesarem reuersum apud Brundisium contumeliis factionibus insidiisque petiit. a quo propulsata ad Antonium concessit in Graeciam.
For she also attacked Caesar on his return at Brundisium with insults, factions, and plots. Driven off by him, she went to Antonius in Greece.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fulvia attacks Octavian and flees.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.18 (CSEL 5:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.19CSEL 5:410
Sex. Pompeius postquam se in proscriptorum numerum relatum conperit, conuersus in latrocinia omnem oram Italiae caedibus rapinisque uastauit. Sicilia praerepta commeatibusque inpeditis Romam fame adfecit.
Sextus Pompeius, after he learned that he had been placed on the list of the proscribed, turned to piracy and laid waste the whole coast of Italy with slaughter and robbery. Having seized Sicily and blocked the supplies, he afflicted Rome with hunger.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sextus Pompey starves Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.19 (CSEL 5:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.20CSEL 5:410
mox cum eo pacem triumuiri, ut non dicam tyranni, id est Lepidus Caesar Antoniusque fecerunt. sed continuo cum contra pactum Pompeius fugitiuos allegeret, ut hostis habitus est.
Soon the triumvirs, not to say tyrants, that is, Lepidus, Caesar, and Antonius, made peace with him. But at once, when Pompeius, against the agreement, was enlisting runaway slaves, he was held as an enemy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Peace with Sextus breaks down.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.20 (CSEL 5:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.21CSEL 5:410–411
Mena libertus Pompei cum sexaginta nauium classe ad Caesarem defecit eidemque classi ipse iussu Caesaris praefuit. idemque continuo cum Statilio Tauro aduersus Menecraten Pompeianum ducem nauale bellum gessit.
Mena, Pompeius's freedman, deserted to Caesar with a fleet of sixty ships and himself commanded that fleet by Caesar's order. The same man at once, with Statilius Taurus, waged a naval war against Menecrates, the Pompeian commander.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mena deserts to Octavian.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.21 (CSEL 5:410–411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.22CSEL 5:411
deinde ipse Caesar aduersus eosdem Pompeianos cruentissimum bellum nauale confecit; sed continuo uictricem classem paene uniuersam apud Scylaceum naufragio amisit.
Then Caesar himself fought a most bloody naval war against the same Pompeians; but at once he lost almost the whole victorious fleet by shipwreck at Scylaceum.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian loses his fleet in a storm.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.22 (CSEL 5:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.23CSEL 5:411
Ventidius Persas et Parthos in Syriam inrumpentes tribus bellis maximis fudit regemque eorum Pacorum in acie interfecit, ea scilicet die, qua Crassus a Parthis fuerat occisus. Antonius, uix uno castello expugnato, pacem cum Antiocho fecit, ut ipse tantam rem consummasse uideretur.
Ventidius routed the Persians and Parthians, who were bursting into Syria, in three very great battles and killed their king Pacorus in the battle line, on the very day, as it happened, on which Crassus had been killed by the Parthians. Antonius, having barely stormed one fort, made peace with Antiochus, so that he himself might seem to have brought so great an affair to completion.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ventidius defeats the Parthians.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ocoisus → occisus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.23 (CSEL 5:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.24CSEL 5:411
Ventidium Syriae praefecit iussitque ut Antigono bellum inferret, qui Iudaeos tum forte debellauerat captisque Hierosolymis templum spoliauerat regnumque Herodi dederat: quem continuo uictum in deditionem recepit.
He put Ventidius in command of Syria and ordered him to make war on Antigonus, who had then happened to defeat the Jews, taken Jerusalem, plundered the temple, and given the kingdom to Herod; Ventidius at once defeated him and received him in surrender.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ventidius against Antigonus.
- Orosius has the facts confused: Antigonus had driven out Herod, whom the Romans restored.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): praefeoit → praefecit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.24 (CSEL 5:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.25CSEL 5:411
Mena libertus cum sex nauibus ad Pompeium rediit, a quo clementer receptus Caesaris classem incendit, quamuis nuper Caesar alteram secundo naufragio perdidisset. idemque Mena postea ab Agrippa nauali proelio circumuentus cum sex triremibus ad Caesarem transiit. sed hunc Caesar tertio transfugam, indulta tantum uita, segnem reliquit.
Mena the freedman returned to Pompeius with six ships; mercifully received by him, he burned Caesar's fleet, although Caesar had lately lost another in a second shipwreck. The same Mena afterward, surrounded by Agrippa in a naval battle, went over to Caesar with six triremes. But Caesar, granting this three-time deserter only his life, left him idle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mena changes sides again.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.25 (CSEL 5:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-25
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.26CSEL 5:411–412
deinde Agrippa inter Mylas et Liparas aduersus Democham et Pompeium nauale proelium gessit ac uicit ibique tunc naues triginta aut demersit aut cepit reliquis laceratis. Pompeius Messanam confugit.
Then Agrippa fought a naval battle between Mylae and Lipara against Demochares and Pompeius and won, and then either sank or captured thirty ships, the rest being shattered. Pompeius fled to Messana.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agrippa wins at Mylae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.26 (CSEL 5:411–412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-26
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.27CSEL 5:412
Caesar interea Tauromenium traiecerat: quem repentino impetu Pompeius adflixit: unde multis demersis nauibus suis ac magna multitudine suorum militum perdita, in Italiam Caesar aufugit; nec interueniente mora in Siciliam rediit;
Caesar meanwhile had crossed to Tauromenium; Pompeius struck him with a sudden attack; and so, with many of his ships sunk and a great multitude of his soldiers lost, Caesar fled to Italy; and without any delay he returned to Sicily;
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian is defeated at Tauromenium.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): repentino impetn → repentino impetu; ac magna. multitudine → ac magna multitudine.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.27 (CSEL 5:412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-27). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-27
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.28CSEL 5:412
ibique Lepidum ex Africa aduentantem obuium habuit, summas sibi partes terrore minis ac superbia uindicantem.
and there he met Lepidus arriving from Africa, claiming the chief part for himself with terror, threats, and arrogance.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lepidus arrives in Sicily.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.28 (CSEL 5:412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-28
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.29CSEL 5:412
post dies paucos Agrippa iussu Caesaris a litore cum acie instructa prospectantis atrocissimo nauali proelio aduersus Pompeium conflixit et uicit. nam centum sexaginta et tres naues aut demersit aut cepit. Pompeius cum decem et septem nauibus uix elapsus euasit.
After a few days Agrippa, by Caesar's order, while Caesar watched from the shore with his army drawn up, fought a most dreadful naval battle against Pompeius and won. For he either sank or captured a hundred and sixty-three ships. Pompeius barely slipped away with seventeen ships and escaped.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agrippa defeats Sextus at Naulochus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): post dies pauoos → post dies paucos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.29 (CSEL 5:412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-29
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.30CSEL 5:412
Lepidus magna uiginti legionum insolentia tumens cum Messanam militibus permissam diripuisset, ipsum Caesarem ad se uenientem semel atque iterum spreuit ac potius telis adpeti iussit.
Lepidus, swelling with great arrogance because of his twenty legions, after letting his soldiers plunder Messana, scorned Caesar himself once and again when he came to him, and instead ordered him to be attacked with missiles.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lepidus defies Octavian.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.30 (CSEL 5:412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-30). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-30
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.31CSEL 5:412–413
quae ille collecta in laeuum bracchium lacerna repellendo uitauit; mox inmisso equo ad suos reuersus, instructo exercitu aduersus Lepidum ueniens, plurimas legiones Lepidi paucis interfectis transire in suam partem conpulit.
Caesar avoided these by warding them off with his cloak gathered on his left arm; soon, spurring his horse, he returned to his men and, coming against Lepidus with his army drawn up, forced very many of Lepidus's legions to cross over to his side, with few killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lepidus's legions desert to Octavian.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): in laeeuum → in laeuum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.31 (CSEL 5:412–413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-31). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-31
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.32CSEL 5:413
Lepidus tandem intellegens, quo uanitas sua tenderet, deposito paludamento assumptaque ueste pulla, supplex Caesari factus uitam et bona impetrauit, perpetuo quidem amendatus exilio. Taurus, Caesaris praefectus, totam paene Siciliam ferro pertemptatam conterritamque in fidem recepit.
Lepidus at last, understanding where his vanity was leading, laid aside his general's cloak and put on mourning dress, and, becoming a suppliant to Caesar, obtained his life and property, though he was banished in perpetual exile. Taurus, Caesar's prefect, received into his protection almost all Sicily, tried and terrified by the sword.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lepidus submits.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.32 (CSEL 5:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-32). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-32
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.33CSEL 5:413
quadraginta et quattuor legiones sub unius tunc imperio Caesaris erant; milites, multitudine ferociores, quosdam pro accipiendis agris tumultus excitauerunt; sed Caesar, animo ingens, uiginti milia militum exauctorauit, triginta milia seruorum dominis restituit, sex milia, quorum domini non exstabant, in crucem egit.
Forty-four legions were then under the command of Caesar alone; the soldiers, made fiercer by their numbers, stirred up some tumults to receive land; but Caesar, great of spirit, discharged twenty thousand soldiers, returned thirty thousand slaves to their masters, and crucified six thousand whose masters could not be found.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian's settlement after Sicily.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.33 (CSEL 5:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-33). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-33
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.18.34CSEL 5:413
ouans Vrbem ingressus ut in perpetuum tribuniciae potestatis esset, a senatu decretum est. his diebus trans Tiberim e taberna meritoria fons olei terra exundauit ac per totum diem largissimo riuo fluxit.
When he entered the City in an ovation, the senate decreed that he should hold the tribunician power forever. In those days, across the Tiber, from a lodging house for veterans, a spring of oil gushed from the earth and flowed in a very abundant stream for a whole day.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian receives tribunician power; a spring of oil flows.
- “Taberna meritoria”: a house for discharged veterans (the later church of Santa Maria in Trastevere).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): tribunioiae → tribuniciae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.18.34 (CSEL 5:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-34). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-18-34
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 19
6.19.1CSEL 5:413–414
Antonius uero postquam Araxim transmisit, omnibus undique malis circumuentus, uix tandem Antiochiam cum paucis rediit. nam cum multitudine equitum et sagittarum ab omnibus proeliis, quae plura temptauit, uictus semper effugerit tum praeterea incertis et ignotis regionis locis impeditus grauissima fame ad nefandos cibos coactus est; plurimi militum sese hostibus dediderunt.
But Antonius, after crossing the Araxes, surrounded by every kind of evil on all sides, at last barely returned to Antioch with a few men. For, while he always escaped defeated from all the battles, of which he attempted several, by a multitude of horsemen and archers, he was besides hampered by uncertain and unknown places of the region and forced by very severe hunger to unspeakable food; very many of the soldiers surrendered to the enemy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antony's disastrous Parthian campaign.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.1 (CSEL 5:413–414; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.2CSEL 5:414
inde in Graeciam transiit iussitque Pompeium, qui uictus a Caesare exercitum bellumque reparabat, cum paucis ad se uenire. Pompeius fugiens a Titio et Furnio Antonianis ducibus saepe terrestri naualique bello uictus et captus ac post paululum interfectus est.
From there he crossed into Greece and ordered Pompeius, who, defeated by Caesar, was preparing an army and war again, to come to him with a few men. Pompeius, fleeing, was often defeated in land and naval war by Titius and Furnius, Antonius's generals, was captured, and a little after was killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sextus Pompey is killed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.2 (CSEL 5:414; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.3CSEL 5:414
Caesar Illyricum Pannoniam partemque Italiae bellis subegit ac domuit; Antonius Artabanen Armeniae regem proditione et dolo cepit: quem argentea catena uinctum ad confessionem thesaurorum regiorum coegit, expugnatoque oppido, in quo conditos esse prodiderat, magnam uim auri argentique abstulit.
Caesar subdued and tamed Illyricum, Pannonia, and part of Italy in wars; Antonius captured Artabanes, king of Armenia, by treachery and guile; he bound him with a silver chain and forced him to reveal the royal treasures, and, having stormed the town in which he had disclosed they were hidden, carried off a great quantity of gold and silver.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antony captures the king of Armenia.
- “Artabanen” as printed, for Artavasdes.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray hyphen; stray period): Armeniae- regem → Armeniae regem; uiactum → uinctum; thesaurorum regiorum. coegit → thesaurorum regiorum coegit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.3 (CSEL 5:414; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.4CSEL 5:414
qua elatus pecunia denuntiari bellum Caesari atque Octauiae, sorori Caesaris, uxori suae, repudium indici iussit et Cleopatram sibi ex Alexandria occurrere imperauit.
Elated by this money, he ordered war to be declared on Caesar and divorce to be announced to Octavia, Caesar's sister, his wife, and commanded Cleopatra to come to meet him from Alexandria.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antony divorces Octavia and declares war.
- repudium: divorce.
Topics: Divorce and remarriage
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.4 (CSEL 5:414; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.5CSEL 5:414
ipse Actium ubi classem constituerat profectus, cum prope tertiam partem remigum fame absumptam offendisset, nihil motus remi, inquit, modo salui sint; nam remiges non deerunt, quoad Graecia homines habuerit.
He himself, setting out for Actium, where he had stationed the fleet, when he found almost a third of the rowers consumed by hunger, was not at all moved and said: “Only let the oars be safe; for rowers will not be lacking as long as Greece has men.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Antony's callous saying at Actium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.5 (CSEL 5:414; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.6CSEL 5:414–415
Caesar ducentis triginta rostratis nauibus a Brundisio in Epirum profectus est. Agrippa uero praemissus a Caesare, multas onerarias naues frumento atque armis graues ab Aegypto Syria Asiaque ad subsidium Antonio uenientes cepit peragratoque Peloponnensium sinu Mothonam urbem ualidissimo Antoniano praesidio munitam expugnauit.
Caesar set out from Brundisium for Epirus with two hundred and thirty beaked ships. Agrippa, sent ahead by Caesar, captured many transport ships heavy with grain and arms coming from Egypt, Syria, and Asia to help Antonius, and, sailing through the gulf of the Peloponnese, stormed the city of Methone, fortified with a very strong Antonian garrison.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agrippa's operations before Actium.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): a Brundisio. in → a Brundisio in; Agrippa nero → Agrippa uero.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.6 (CSEL 5:414–415; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.7CSEL 5:415
inde Corcyram cepit; fugientes nauali proelio persecutus profligauit multisque rebus cruentissime gestis ad Caesarem uenit. Antonius defectu et fame militum suorum permotus bellum maturare instituit ac repente instructis copiis ad Caesaris castra processit et uictus est.
Then he took Corcyra; he pursued and routed the fugitives in a naval battle and, after many things done most bloodily, came to Caesar. Antonius, disturbed by the desertion and hunger of his soldiers, decided to hasten the war and, suddenly drawing up his forces, advanced to Caesar's camp and was defeated.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antony is defeated on land.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.7 (CSEL 5:415; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.8CSEL 5:415
tertio post pugnam die Antonius castra ad Actium transtulit, nauali proelio decernere paratus. ducentae triginta rostratae fuere Caesaris naues et triginta sine rostris, triremes uelocitate Liburnicis pares et octo legiones classi superpositae, absque cohortibus quinque praetoriis.
On the third day after the battle Antonius moved his camp to Actium, ready to decide by a naval battle. Caesar had two hundred and thirty beaked ships and thirty without beaks, triremes equal in speed to Liburnians, and eight legions placed on the fleet, apart from five praetorian cohorts.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian's fleet at Actium.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): tertio poet pugnam → tertio post pugnam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.8 (CSEL 5:415; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.9CSEL 5:415
classis Antonii centum septuaginta nauium fuit, quantum numero cedens tantum magnitudine praecellens, nam decem pedum altitudine a mari aberant. famosum et magnum hoc bellum apud Actium fuit.
Antonius's fleet was of a hundred and seventy ships, as much superior in size as inferior in number, for they stood ten feet high above the sea. This famous and great war was at Actium.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antony's fleet.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): apud Aotium → apud Actium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.9 (CSEL 5:415; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.10CSEL 5:415
ab hora quinta usque in horam septimam incerta uincendi spe grauissimae utrimque caedes actae; reliquum diei cum subsequente nocte in uictoriam Caesaris declinauit.
From the fifth hour to the seventh, with the hope of victory uncertain, very heavy slaughter was done on both sides; the rest of the day with the following night turned to Caesar's victory.
Notes and citation
Summary: The battle of Actium.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): caedes aotae → caedes actae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.10 (CSEL 5:415; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.11CSEL 5:415
prior regina Cleopatra cum LX uelocissimis nauibus fugit; Antonius quoque detracto insigni praetoriae nauis fugientem secutus uxorem est. inlucescente iam die uictoriam Caesar consummauit.
Queen Cleopatra fled first with sixty very fast ships; Antonius too, having taken down the ensign of the flagship, followed his fleeing wife. As day was dawning Caesar completed the victory.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cleopatra and Antony flee.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.11 (CSEL 5:415; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.12CSEL 5:415–416
ex uictis duodecim milia cecidisse referuntur, sex milia uulnerata sunt, e quibus mille inter curandum defecerunt.
Of the vanquished, twelve thousand are reported to have fallen and six thousand were wounded, of whom a thousand died while being treated.
Notes and citation
Summary: The losses at Actium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.12 (CSEL 5:415–416; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.13CSEL 5:416
Antonius et Cleopatra communes liberos cum parte regiae gazae ad Rubrum mare praemittendos consuerunt; ipsi praesidiis circa duo Aegypti cornua, Pelusium Parethoniumque, dispositis classem et copias instaurando bello parauerunt.
Antonius and Cleopatra decided to send their common children ahead to the Red Sea with part of the royal treasure; they themselves, having placed garrisons around the two horns of Egypt, Pelusium and Paraetonium, prepared a fleet and forces to renew the war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antony and Cleopatra prepare to fight again.
- “consuerunt” as printed; read “censuerunt” (decided).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): liberos carn parte → liberos cum parte.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.13 (CSEL 5:416; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.14CSEL 5:416
Caesar sexto imperator appellatus et quartum ipse cum M. Licinio Crasso consul Brundisium uenit; ibi orbis terrarum praesidia diuisis legionibus conposuit; inde in Syriam profectus, mox Pelusium adiit, ubi ab Antonianis praesidiis ultro susceptus est.
Caesar, hailed imperator for the sixth time, and consul for the fourth time with Marcus Licinius Crassus, came to Brundisium; there he arranged the garrisons of the world, distributing the legions; then, setting out for Syria, he soon reached Pelusium, where he was received of their own accord by Antonius's garrisons.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian advances on Egypt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.14 (CSEL 5:416; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.15CSEL 5:416
interea Cornelius Gallus praemissus a Caesare quattuor legiones, quas Antonius apud Cyrenas praesidii loco constituerat, suscepit in fidem atque inde Parethonium, primam Aegypti a Libyae parte ciuitatem, uicto cepit Antonio ipsumque continuo apud Pharum uicit.
Meanwhile Cornelius Gallus, sent ahead by Caesar, received into his protection four legions which Antonius had stationed at Cyrene as a garrison, and from there took Paraetonium, the first city of Egypt on the side of Libya, after defeating Antonius, and at once defeated him again at Pharos.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gallus defeats Antony.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray hyphen): uicto cepit Antonio -ipsumque → uicto cepit Antonio ipsumque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.15 (CSEL 5:416; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.16CSEL 5:416–417
nonna equestre aduersus Caesarem bellum iniit; in eo quoque miserabiliter uictus aufugit. kalendis Sextilibus prima luce Antonius cum ad instruendam classem in portum descenderet, subito uniuersae naues ad Caesarem transierunt; cumque unico praesidio spoliatus esset, trepidus se cum paucis recepit in regiam.
He entered on a cavalry battle against Caesar; in this too he was pitifully defeated and fled. On the first of August, at first light, when Antonius went down to the harbor to draw up his fleet, suddenly all the ships went over to Caesar; and when he had been stripped of his only defense, he withdrew in alarm with a few men into the palace.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antony's fleet deserts him.
- The first word, “nonna,” is corrupt in the digital text; the sense requires Antony as subject (perhaps “Antonius” or “deinde”).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.16 (CSEL 5:416–417; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.17CSEL 5:417
deinde inminente Caesare turbataque ciuitate idem Antonius sese ferro transuerberauit ac semianimis ad Cleopatram in monumentum, in quod se illa mori certa condiderat, perlatus est.
Then, with Caesar approaching and the city in confusion, the same Antonius ran himself through with a sword and, half alive, was carried to Cleopatra in the tomb in which she had shut herself, resolved to die.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antony's suicide.
Topics: Killing and murder
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.17 (CSEL 5:417; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.18CSEL 5:417
Cleopatra postquam se ad triumphum seruari intellexit, uoluntariam mortem petens, serpentis, ut putatur, morsu in sinistro tacta bracchio exanimis inuenta est, frustra Caesare etiam Psyllos admouente, qui uenena serpentum e uulneribus hominum haustu reuocare atque exsugere solent.
Cleopatra, after she understood that she was being kept for the triumph, seeking a voluntary death, was found lifeless, touched, it is thought, by the bite of a serpent on her left arm, although Caesar even brought in the Psylli, who are accustomed to draw back and suck out the poisons of serpents from men's wounds.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cleopatra's suicide.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; misplaced full stop): bracehio → bracchio; Psyllos admouente. qui → Psyllos admouente, qui.
Topics: Killing and murder
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.18 (CSEL 5:417; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.19CSEL 5:417
Caesar Alexandria, urbe omnium longe opulentissima et maxima, uictor potitus est. nam et Roma in tantum opibus eius aucta est, ut propter abundantiam pecuniarum duplicia quam usque ad id fuerant possessionum aliarumque rerum uenalium pretia statuerentur.
Caesar as victor gained possession of Alexandria, by far the richest and greatest of all cities. For Rome was so increased by its wealth that, because of the abundance of money, prices of properties and other things for sale were set double what they had been up to then.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexandria's wealth enriches Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.19 (CSEL 5:417; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.20CSEL 5:417
occisi sunt iussu Caesaris maior Antonii filius et P. Canidius, infestissimus quidem semper Caesari sed et Antonio infidus, et Cassius Palmensis, ultima uiolati patris Caesaris uictima, et Q. Ouinius ob eam maxime notam, quod obscenissime lanificio textrinoque reginae senator populi Romani praeesse non erubuerat.
By Caesar's order there were killed Antonius's elder son; Publius Canidius, always most hostile to Caesar but faithless to Antonius too; Cassius of Parma, the last victim for the violation of Caesar's father; and Quintus Ovinius, chiefly because of the disgrace that a senator of the Roman people had not blushed to direct, most obscenely, the queen's wool-working and weaving.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian's executions at Alexandria.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.20 (CSEL 5:417; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.19.21CSEL 5:417–418
dehinc Caesar pedestribus copiis in Syriam uenit, deinde in Asiam ad hiberna concessit ac post per Graeciam Brundisium peruectus est.
Then Caesar came with his land forces into Syria, then withdrew into Asia for winter quarters, and afterward traveled through Greece to Brundisium.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian returns west.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.19.21 (CSEL 5:417–418; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-19-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 20
6.20.1CSEL 5:418
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCXXV ipso imperatore Caesare Augusto quinquies et L. Apuleio consulibus Caesar uictor ab Oriente rediens, VIII idus Ianuarias Vrbem triplici triumpho ingressus est ac tunc primum ipse Iani portas sopitis finitisque omnibus bellis ciuilibus clausit.
In the 725th year from the founding of the City, in the consulship of the emperor Caesar Augustus himself, for the fifth time, and Lucius Apuleius, Caesar, returning victorious from the East, entered the City with a triple triumph on the eighth day before the Ides of January, and then for the first time he himself closed the gates of Janus, all civil wars having been laid to rest and ended.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian closes the gates of Janus.
- The eighth day before the Ides of January is 6 January. Orosius's date (and his consul “Apuleius”) differ from the usual record: the triple triumph was in August 29 BC, with Sextus Appuleius as colleague.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.20.1 (CSEL 5:418; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.20.2CSEL 5:418
hoc die primum Augustus consalutatus est; quod nomen, cunctis antea [inuiolatum] et usque ad nunc ceteris inausum dominis, tantum Orbis licite usurpatum apicem declarat imperii, atque ex eodem die summa rerum ac potestatum penes unum esse coepit et mansit, quod Graeci monarchiam uocant.
On this day he was first hailed as Augustus; this name, not dared by anyone before and down to now by no other lords, declares that the summit of the world's empire was lawfully assumed; and from that same day the supreme power over affairs and powers began to be, and remained, in the hands of one, which the Greeks call monarchy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Octavian receives the name Augustus.
- Zangemeister prints “inuiolatum” in square brackets as a word to delete; it is left out.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.20.2 (CSEL 5:418; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.20.3CSEL 5:418
Porro autem hunc esse eundem diem, hoc est VIII idus Ianuarias, quo nos Epiphania, hoc est apparitionem siue manifestationem Dominici sacramenti, obseruamus, nemo credentium siue etiam fidei contradicentium nescit.
Moreover, no one of the believers or even of those who speak against the faith is unaware that this is the same day, that is, the eighth day before the Ides of January, on which we observe the Epiphany, that is, the appearance or manifestation of the Lord's mystery.
Notes and citation
Summary: The day of Augustus's triumph is the Epiphany.
Topics: Christology, Easter and the church year
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.20.3 (CSEL 5:418; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.20.4CSEL 5:418–419
de quo nostrae istius fidelissimae obseruationis sacramento uberius nunc dicere nec ratio nec locus flagitat; ut et quaerentibus reseruasse et neglegentibus non ingessisse uideamur. hoc autem fideliter commemorasse ideo par fuit, ut per omnia uenturi Christi gratia praeparatum Caesaris imperium conprobetur.
To speak more fully now of the mystery of this most faithful observance of ours neither reason nor place demands, so that we may seem to have reserved it for those who inquire and not to have forced it on the careless. But it was right to have recalled this faithfully so that it may be proved that in all things the empire of Caesar was prepared for the grace of the coming Christ.
Notes and citation
Summary: Augustus's empire was prepared for Christ.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.20.4 (CSEL 5:418–419; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.20.5CSEL 5:419
Nam cum primum, C. Caesare auunculo suo interfecto, ex Apollonia rediens Vrbem ingrederetur, hora circiter tertia repente liquido ac puro sereno circulus ad speciem caelestis arcus orbem solis ambiit, quasi eum unum ac potissimum in hoc mundo solumque clarissimum in orbe monstraret, cuius tempore uenturus esset, qui ipsum solem solus mundumque totum et fecisset et regeret.
For when first, after his uncle Gaius Caesar had been killed, he was entering the City on his return from Apollonia, about the third hour, suddenly, in a clear and pure sky, a circle like a rainbow surrounded the disk of the sun, as if pointing him out as the one and most powerful in this world and alone the most glorious in the world, in whose time he would come who alone had made and would rule the sun itself and the whole world.
Notes and citation
Summary: A halo around the sun at Octavian's entry.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): auunculo suo interfeoto → auunculo suo interfecto; fecisset at regeret → fecisset et regeret.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.20.5 (CSEL 5:419; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.20.6CSEL 5:419–420
Deinde cum secundo, in Sicilia receptis a Pompeio et Lepido legionibus, xxx milia seruorum dominis restituisset et quadraginta et quattuor legiones solus imperio suo ad tutamen orbis terrarum distribuisset ouansque Vrbem ingressus omnia superiora populi Romani debita donanda, litterarum etiam monumentis abolitis, censuisset: in diebus ipsis fons olei largissimus, sicut superius expressi, de taberna meritoria per totum diem fluxit. quo signo quid euidentius quam in diebus Caesaris toto Orbe regnantis futura Christi natiuitas declarata est? Christus enim lingua gentis eius, in qua et ex qua natus est, unctus interpretatur.
Then, the second time, when in Sicily, having received the legions from Pompeius and Lepidus, he had restored thirty thousand slaves to their masters, had alone distributed forty-four legions under his command for the protection of the world, and, entering the City in an ovation, had decreed that all former debts of the Roman people be forgiven, the written records also being destroyed: in those very days a most abundant spring of oil, as I have described above, flowed for a whole day from the veterans' lodging house. By this sign what could be more clearly declared than that in the days of Caesar, reigning over the whole world, the birth of Christ was to come? For “Christ,” in the language of the nation in which and from which he was born, is interpreted “anointed.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The spring of oil foretold the Anointed One.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (missing full stop): per totum diem fluxit quo signo → per totum diem fluxit. quo signo.
Topics: Christology, Prophecy and fulfilment
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.20.6 (CSEL 5:419–420; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.20.7CSEL 5:420
itaque cum eo tempore, quo Caesari perpetua tribunicia potestas decreta est, Romae fons olei per totum diem fluxit: sub principatu Caesaris Romanoque imperio per totam diem, hoc est per omne Romani tempus imperii, Christum et ex eo Christianos, id est unctum atque ex eo unctos, de meritoria taberna, hoc est de hospita largaque Ecclesia, affluenter atque incessabiliter processuros restituendosque per Caesarem omnes seruos, qui tamen cognoscerent dominum suum, ceterosque, qui sine domino inuenirentur, morti supplicioque dedendos, remittendaque sub Caesare debita peccatorum in ea urbe, in qua spontaneum fluxisset oleum, euidentissima his, qui Prophetarum uoces non audiebant, signa in caelo et in terra prodigia prodiderunt.
So when, at the time when perpetual tribunician power was decreed to Caesar, a spring of oil flowed at Rome for a whole day, most evident signs in heaven and wonders on earth showed to those who did not hear the voices of the prophets that under the rule of Caesar and the Roman empire, for a whole day, that is, for the whole time of the Roman empire, Christ, and from him Christians, that is, the Anointed and from him the anointed, would come forth abundantly and unceasingly from the lodging house, that is, from the hospitable and generous church; that through Caesar all slaves would be restored, who nevertheless recognized their master, and the rest, who were found without a master, would be given over to death and punishment; and that under Caesar the debts of sins would be forgiven in the city in which the oil had flowed of its own accord.
Acts 2:19 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius's allegory of the spring of oil.
- “Signs in heaven and wonders on earth”: compare Acts 2:19 (Joel 2:30).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): itaque cam eo tempore → itaque cum eo tempore; id est unctum. atque → id est unctum atque; affiuenter → affluenter; spontaneum. fluxisset → spontaneum fluxisset.
Topics: Christology, Interpreting Scripture
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.20.7 (CSEL 5:420; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.20.8CSEL 5:420–421
Tertio autem, cum Vrbem triumphans quintum consul ingressus est, eo scilicet die, quem supra nominauimus, cum et Ianum post ducentos annos primum ipse clausit et clarissimum illud Augusti nomen adsumpsit, quid fidelius ac uerius credi aut cognosci potest, concurrentibus ad tantam manifestationem pace nomine die, quam hunc occulto quidem gestorum ordine ad obsequium praeparationis eius praedestinatum fuisse, qui eo die, quo ille manifestandus mundo post paululum erat, et pacis signum praetulit et potestatis nomen adsumpsit? Quid autem in quarto reditu, cum finito Cantabrico bello
And the third time, when he entered the City in triumph as consul for the fifth time, on the very day we have named above, when he himself first closed Janus after two hundred years and took that most glorious name of Augustus: what can be believed or known more faithfully and truly, with peace, name, and day converging toward so great a manifestation, than that he was predestined, by a hidden order of events, for the service of preparing for him, who on the day on which he was soon to be manifested to the world both displayed the sign of peace and took the name of power? And what was done on the fourth return, when, the Cantabrian war ended
Notes and citation
Summary: The triumph of Augustus prefigured the Epiphany.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips; stray period; stray period (the sentence continues in the next section)): triumpbans quintum consul ngressus → triumphans quintum consul ingressus; manifestationem. pace → manifestationem pace; signum praetulit at potestatis → signum praetulit et potestatis; finito Cantabrico bello. → finito Cantabrico bello.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.20.8 (CSEL 5:420–421; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.20.9CSEL 5:421
pacatisque omnibus gentibus Caesar Vrbem repetiit, ad contestationem fidei, quam expromimus, actum sit, ipso melius ordine proferetur.
and all nations pacified, Caesar returned to the City, for the attestation of the faith that we set forth, will be better shown in its own order.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fourth sign will be told later.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.20.9 (CSEL 5:421; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-20-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 21
6.21.1CSEL 5:421
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCXXVI imperatore Augusto Caesare sexies et bis M. Agrippa consulibus Caesar parum in Hispania per ducentos annos actum intellegens, si Cantabros atque Astures, duas fortissimas Hispaniae gentes, suis uti legibus sineret, aperuit Iani portas atque in Hispanias ipse cum exercitu profectus est.
In the 726th year from the founding of the City, in the consulship of the emperor Augustus Caesar for the sixth time and Marcus Agrippa for the second, Caesar, understanding that little had been accomplished in Spain in two hundred years if he allowed the Cantabrians and Asturians, the two strongest peoples of Spain, to use their own laws, opened the gates of Janus and himself set out with an army into the Spains.
Notes and citation
Summary: Augustus marches against the Cantabrians.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): in Hispania. per → in Hispania per.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.1 (CSEL 5:421; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.2CSEL 5:421
Cantabri et Astures Gallaeciae prouinciae portio sunt, qua extentum Pyrenaei iugum haud procul secundo Oceano sub septentrione deducitur.
The Cantabrians and Asturians are a part of the province of Gallaecia, where the stretched-out ridge of the Pyrenees runs down not far from the Ocean, along it, under the north.
Notes and citation
Summary: Where the Cantabrians live.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.2 (CSEL 5:421; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.3CSEL 5:421–422
hi non solum propriam libertatem tueri parati uerum etiam finitimorum praeripere ausi, Vaccaeos et Turmogos et Autrigonas adsiduis eruptionibus populabantur. igitur Caesar apud Segisamam castra posuit, tribus agminibus totam paene amplexus Cantabriam.
These, not only ready to defend their own liberty but also daring to snatch away that of their neighbors, were plundering the Vaccaei, the Turmogi, and the Autrigones with constant raids. So Caesar pitched camp at Segisama, embracing almost all Cantabria with three columns.
Notes and citation
Summary: Augustus encamps at Segisama.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.3 (CSEL 5:421–422; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.4CSEL 5:422
diu fatigato frustra atque in periculum saepe deducto exercitu, tandem ab Aquitanico sinu per Oceanum incautis hostibus admoueri classem atque exponi copias iubet.
When the army had long been wearied in vain and often brought into danger, he at last ordered a fleet to be moved up from the Aquitanian gulf through the Ocean, while the enemy were off guard, and troops to be landed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Augustus lands troops from the sea.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): incautis hostibus admoneri classem → incautis hostibus admoueri classem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.4 (CSEL 5:422; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.5CSEL 5:422
tunc demum Cantabri sub moenibus Atticae maximo congressi bello et uicti in Vinnium montem natura tutissimum confugerunt, ubi obsidionis fame ad extremum paene consumpti sunt. Racilium deinde oppidum magna ui ac diu repugnans, postremo captum ac dirutum est.
Then at last the Cantabrians, having engaged in a very great battle under the walls of Attica and been defeated, fled to Mount Vinnius, most safe by nature, where they were almost consumed to the end by the hunger of the siege. Then the town of Racilium, resisting with great force and for a long time, was at last taken and destroyed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Cantabrians are defeated.
- “Atticae” as printed; the town was Bergida (Vellica in other sources).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.5 (CSEL 5:422; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.6CSEL 5:422
praeterea ulteriores Gallaeciae partes, quae montibus siluisque consitae Oceano terminantur, Antistius et Firmius legati magnis grauibusque bellis perdomuerunt.
Moreover, the further parts of Gallaecia, which, covered with mountains and forests, are bounded by the Ocean, the legates Antistius and Firmius subdued in great and heavy wars.
Notes and citation
Summary: The conquest of farther Gallaecia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.6 (CSEL 5:422; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.7CSEL 5:422
nam et Medullium montem Minio flumini inminentem, in quo se magna multitudo hominum tuebatur, per quindecim milia passuum fossa circumsaeptum obsidione cinxerunt.
For they also surrounded with a siege Mount Medullius, which overhangs the river Minius, on which a great multitude of men was defending itself, enclosing it with a ditch for fifteen miles.
Notes and citation
Summary: The siege of Mount Medullius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.7 (CSEL 5:422; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.8CSEL 5:422–423
itaque ubi se gens hominum trux natura et ferox neque tolerandae obsidioni sufficientem neque suscipiendo bello parem intellegit, ad uoluntariam mortem seruitutis timore concurrit. nam se paene omnes certatim igne ferro ac ueneno necauerunt.
So when this race of men, savage and fierce by nature, understood that it was neither able to endure the siege nor equal to undertaking battle, it rushed to voluntary death out of fear of slavery. For almost all killed themselves, vying with one another, by fire, sword, and poison.
Notes and citation
Summary: The besieged kill themselves.
Topics: Killing and murder
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.8 (CSEL 5:422–423; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.9CSEL 5:423
Astures uero positis castris apud Asturam flumen Romanos, nisi proditi praeuentique essent, magnis consiliis uiribusque oppressissent. tres legatos cum legionibus suis in tria castra diuisos tribus aeque agminibus obruere repente moliti, suorum proditione detecti sunt.
The Asturians, having pitched camp by the river Astura, would have crushed the Romans with great plans and strength had they not been betrayed and forestalled. Planning to overwhelm suddenly, with three columns likewise, three legates with their legions divided into three camps, they were exposed by the betrayal of their own men.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Asturians are betrayed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.9 (CSEL 5:423; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.10CSEL 5:423
hos postea Carisius bello exceptos non parua etiam Romanorum clade superauit. pars eorum proelio elapsa Lanciam confugit. cumque milites circumdatam urbem incendio adoriri pararent, dux Carisius et a suis cessationem impetrauit incendii et a barbaris uoluntatem deditionis exegit. studiose enim nitebatur integram atque incolumem ciuitatem uictoriae suae testem relinquere.
Afterward Carisius met them in war and overcame them, not without loss to the Romans too. Part of them, slipping away from the battle, fled to Lancia. And when the soldiers were preparing to attack the surrounded city with fire, the general Carisius both obtained from his men a halt to the burning and won from the barbarians a willingness to surrender. For he strove eagerly to leave the city whole and unharmed as a witness to his victory.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carisius spares Lancia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.10 (CSEL 5:423; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.11CSEL 5:423
Cantabricae uictoriae hunc honorem Caesar detulit, ut tunc quoque belli portas claustro cohiberi iuberet. ita tunc secundo per Caesarem, quarto post Vrbem conditam clausus est Ianus.
Caesar paid this honor to the Cantabrian victory, that he ordered the gates of war then too to be shut with a bar. So then, for the second time through Caesar, and the fourth time after the founding of the City, Janus was closed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Janus is closed again.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.11 (CSEL 5:423; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.12CSEL 5:423
Post hoc Claudius Drusus, priuignus Caesaris, Galliam Raetiamque sortitus maximas fortissimasque gentes Germaniae armis subegit.
After this Claudius Drusus, Caesar's stepson, allotted Gaul and Raetia, subdued by arms the greatest and bravest peoples of Germany.
Notes and citation
Summary: Drusus campaigns in Germany.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.12 (CSEL 5:423; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.13CSEL 5:423–424
nam tunc, ueluti ad constitutum pacis diem festinarent, ita omnes ad experientiam belli decisionemue foederis undatim gentes commouebantur aut suscepturae condiciones pacis, si uincerentur, aut usurae quieta libertate, si uincerent.
For then, as if they were hurrying toward an appointed day of peace, all the peoples were stirred up wave upon wave to a trial of war or a settling of treaty, ready either to accept terms of peace if they were defeated or to enjoy a quiet liberty if they won.
Notes and citation
Summary: All nations rise before the universal peace.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nam tunc, neluti → nam tunc, ueluti.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.13 (CSEL 5:423–424; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.14CSEL 5:424
Norici Illyrii Pannonii Dalmatas Moesi Thraces et Daci Sarmatae plurimique et maximi Germaniae populi per diuersos duces uel superati uel repressi uel etiam obiectu maximorum fluminum, Rheni Danuuiique, seclusi sunt.
The Norici, Illyrians, Pannonians, Dalmatians, Moesians, Thracians and Dacians, Sarmatians, and very many and very great peoples of Germany were, through various generals, either overcome or held back or even shut out by the barrier of the greatest rivers, the Rhine and the Danube.
Notes and citation
Summary: The northern peoples are subdued.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.14 (CSEL 5:424; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.15CSEL 5:424
Drusus in Germania primum Vsipetes, deinde Tencteros et Cattos perdomuit. Marcomannos paene ad internecionem cecidit.
Drusus in Germany first subdued the Usipetes, then the Tencteri and Chatti. He cut down the Marcomanni almost to annihilation.
Notes and citation
Summary: Drusus's victories.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.15 (CSEL 5:424; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.16CSEL 5:424
postea fortissimas nationes et quibus natura uires, consuetudo experientiam uirium dabat, Cheruscos Suebos et Sygambros pariter uno bello sed etiam suis aspero superauit.
Afterward he overcame the bravest nations, to whom nature gave strength and custom gave experience of strength, the Cherusci, Suebi, and Sygambri, together in one war, but one harsh for his own men too.
Notes and citation
Summary: Drusus defeats the Cherusci, Suebi, and Sygambri.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.16 (CSEL 5:424; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.17CSEL 5:424
quorum ex eo considerari uirtus ac feritas potest, quod mulieres quoque eorum, siquando praeuentu Romanorum inter plaustra sua concludebantur, deficientibus telis uel qualibet re, qua uelut telo uti furor possit, paruos filios conlisos humi in hostium ora iaciebant, in singulis filiorum necibus bis parricidae.
Their courage and ferocity can be judged from this: their women too, whenever they were shut in among their wagons by the Romans' getting there first, when missiles failed, or anything which fury could use as a missile, dashed their little sons on the ground and threw them in the faces of the enemy, twice murderers of kin in each of their sons' deaths.
Notes and citation
Summary: The German women kill their children as missiles.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.17 (CSEL 5:424; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.18CSEL 5:424–425
Tunc etiam in Africa Musolanos et Gaetulos latius uagantes Cossus dux Caesaris artatis finibus cohercuit atque a Romanis limitibus abstinere metu conpulit.
Then too in Africa Cossus, Caesar's general, restrained the Musulamii and Gaetuli, who were roaming too widely, by narrowing their territories, and forced them by fear to keep away from the Roman frontiers.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cossus checks the Gaetuli in Africa.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips, stray period, and small capitals): Tnnc etiam in Africa. Musolanos et Gaetulos latins uagantes COSSUS → Tunc etiam in Africa Musolanos et Gaetulos latius uagantes Cossus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.18 (CSEL 5:424–425; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.19CSEL 5:425
Interea Caesarem apud Tarraconem citerioris Hispaniae urbem legati Indorum et Scytharum toto Orbe transmisso tandem ibi inuenerunt, ultra quod iam quaerere non possent, refuderuntque in Caesarem Alexandri Magni gloriam:
Meanwhile envoys of the Indians and Scythians, having crossed the whole world, at last found Caesar at Tarraco, a city of Nearer Spain, beyond which they could seek no further, and poured back upon Caesar the glory of Alexander the Great:
Notes and citation
Summary: Envoys from India and Scythia come to Augustus in Spain.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Caesarem apnd Tarraconem → Caesarem apud Tarraconem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.19 (CSEL 5:425; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.20CSEL 5:425
quem sicut Hispanorum Gallorumque legatio in medio Oriente apud Babylonam contemplatione pacis adiit, ita hunc apud Hispaniam in Occidentis ultimo supplex cum gentilicio munere eous Indus et Scytha boreus orauit.
as an embassy of Spaniards and Gauls had come to Alexander in the middle of the East at Babylon to seek peace, so the eastern Indian and the northern Scythian besought this man in Spain, at the farthest point of the West, as suppliants with their national gifts.
Notes and citation
Summary: A parallel with Alexander.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): quem cient Hispanorum → quem sicut Hispanorum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.20 (CSEL 5:425; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.21CSEL 5:425
Cantabrico bello per quinque annos acto totaque Hispania in aeternam pacem cum quadam respiratione lassitudinis reclinata ac reposita, Caesar Romam rediit.
When the Cantabrian war had been waged for five years and all Spain had settled down and come to rest in an eternal peace, with a certain breathing space from weariness, Caesar returned to Rome.
Notes and citation
Summary: Augustus returns from Spain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.21 (CSEL 5:425; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.22CSEL 5:425
Quibus etiam diebus multa per se multaque per duces et legatos bella gessit. nam inter ceteros et Piso aduersum Vindelicos missus est; quibus subactis uictor ad Caesarem Lugdunum uenit.
In those days too he waged many wars himself and many through generals and legates. For among others Piso too was sent against the Vindelici; when they had been subdued, he came victorious to Caesar at Lugdunum.
Notes and citation
Summary: Piso subdues the Vindelici.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.22 (CSEL 5:425; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.23CSEL 5:425
Pannonios nouo motu intumescentes Tiberius priuignus Caesaris cruentissima caede deleuit.
Tiberius, Caesar's stepson, destroyed with most bloody slaughter the Pannonians, who were swelling with a new revolt.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius crushes the Pannonians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.23 (CSEL 5:425; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.24CSEL 5:425
idemque continuo Germanos bello arripuit, e quibus quadraginta milia captiuorum uictor abduxit.
The same man at once attacked the Germans in war and led off forty thousand captives from them as victor.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius in Germany.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.24 (CSEL 5:425; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.25CSEL 5:425–426
quod reuera bellum maximum et formidulosissimum quindecim legionibus per triennium gestum est, nec fere ullum maius bellum, sicut Suetonius adtestatur, post Punicum fuit.
This truly very great and most fearsome war was waged with fifteen legions for three years, and there was hardly any greater war, as Suetonius attests, after the Punic war.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Pannonian war's scale.
- Suetonius, Tiberius 16.1. No extrabiblical id exists for Suetonius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.25 (CSEL 5:425–426; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-25
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.26CSEL 5:426
Sub eodem uero tempore Quintilius Varus cum tribus legionibus a Germanis rebellantibus, mira superbia atque auaritia in subiectos agens, funditus deletus est.
At the same time Quintilius Varus, who behaved with remarkable arrogance and greed toward the subjects, was utterly destroyed with three legions by the rebelling Germans.
Notes and citation
Summary: The disaster of Varus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): funditus deletus eat → funditus deletus est.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.26 (CSEL 5:426; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-26
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.27CSEL 5:426
quam reipublicae cladem Caesar Augustus adeo grauiter tulit, ut saepe per uim doloris caput parieti conlidens clamaret Quintili Vare, redde legiones.
Caesar Augustus took this disaster of the commonwealth so hard that often, in the violence of grief, striking his head against the wall, he cried: “Quintilius Varus, give back the legions!”
Notes and citation
Summary: Augustus's grief for the legions.
- Compare Suetonius, Augustus 23.2.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.27 (CSEL 5:426; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-27). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-27
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.28CSEL 5:426
Bosporanos uero Agrippa superauit et signis Romanis, quae illi quondam sub Mithridate sustulerant, bello recuperatis uictos ad deditionem coegit.
Agrippa overcame the Bosporans, and having recovered in war the Roman standards which they had once carried off under Mithridates, forced them, defeated, to surrender.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agrippa subdues the Bosporans.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.28 (CSEL 5:426; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-28
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.21.29CSEL 5:426
Parthi, quasi toto terrarum orbe uel domito uel pacato omnium oculis signarentur atque in se solos omnis uigor Romani imperii uertendus esset, quippe quos pristina ulciscendae Crassianae caedis conscientia mordebat, ultro signa, quae Crasso interfecto abstulerant, ad Caesarem remiserunt regiisque obsidibus traditis firmum foedus fideli supplicatione meruerunt.
The Parthians, as if, with the whole world either subdued or pacified, they were being marked out by the eyes of all, and the whole force of the Roman empire was about to be turned against them alone, since the old guilt of the Crassian slaughter, which was to be avenged, gnawed at them, of their own accord sent back to Caesar the standards they had carried off when Crassus was killed, and, handing over royal hostages, earned a firm treaty by faithful supplication.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Parthians return Crassus's standards.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.21.29 (CSEL 5:426; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-21-29
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 22
6.22.1CSEL 5:426–427
Itaque anno ab Vrbe condita DCCLII Caesar Augustus ab oriente in occidentem, a septentrione in meridiem ac per totum Oceani circulum cunctis gentibus una pace conpositis, Iani portas tertio ipse tunc clausit.
So in the 752nd year from the founding of the City, Caesar Augustus, having settled all nations in one peace from east to west, from north to south, and through the whole circle of the Ocean, then himself closed the gates of Janus for the third time.
Notes and citation
Summary: Augustus closes Janus a third time.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.22.1 (CSEL 5:426–427; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.22.2CSEL 5:427
quas ex eo per duodecim fere annos quietissimo semper obseratas otio ipsa etiam robigo signauit, nec prius umquam nisi sub extrema senectute Augusti pulsatae Atheniensium seditione et Dacorum commotione patuerunt.
From then on, for about twelve years, they were always bolted in the most quiet peace, so that even rust marked them, and they never opened before, except at the very end of Augustus's old age, when they were struck by a sedition of the Athenians and a movement of the Dacians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Janus stays closed about twelve years.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): duodeoim → duodecim.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.22.2 (CSEL 5:427; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.22.3CSEL 5:427
clausis igitur Iani portis rempublicam, quam bello quaesiuerat, pace enutrire atque amplificare studens leges plurimas statuit, per quas humanum genus libera reuerentia disciplinae morem gereret.
So, the gates of Janus being closed, striving to nourish and enlarge by peace the commonwealth he had won by war, he established very many laws through which the human race might comply with discipline in a free reverence.
Notes and citation
Summary: Augustus's laws.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.22.3 (CSEL 5:427; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.22.4CSEL 5:427–428
domini appellationem ut homo declinauit. nam cum eodem spectante ludos pronuntiatum esset in mimo o dominum aequum et bonum uniuersique, quasi de ipso dictum esset, exultantes adprobauissent, et statim quidem manu uultuque indecoras adulationes repressit et insequenti die grauissimo corripuit edicto dominumque se posthac appellari ne a liberis quidem aut nepotibus suis uel serio uel ioco passus est.
As a man, he declined the title of Lord. For when, while he was watching the games, it had been declared in a mime, “O just and good lord!”, and all, as if it had been said of him, had applauded exulting, he both at once checked the unseemly flattery with hand and look, and the next day rebuked it in a very stern edict, and thereafter did not allow himself to be called lord, not even by his children or grandchildren, either in earnest or in jest.
Notes and citation
Summary: Augustus refuses to be called lord.
- Compare Suetonius, Augustus 53.1.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.22.4 (CSEL 5:427–428; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.22.5CSEL 5:428
Igitur eo tempore, id est eo anno quo firmissimam uerissimamque pacem ordinatione Dei Caesar conposuit, natus est Christus, cuius aduentui pax ista famulata est, in cuius ortu audientibus hominibus exultantes angeli cecinerunt. Gloria in excelsis Deo, et in terra pax hominibus bonae uoluntatis. eodemque tempore hic, ad quem rerum omnium summa concesserat, dominum se hominum appellari non passus est, immo non ausus, quo uerus dominus totius generis humani inter homines natus est.
So at that time, that is, in the year in which Caesar established, by the ordering of God, the firmest and truest peace, Christ was born, whose coming this peace served, at whose birth, as men heard, angels sang exulting: “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to men of good will.” And at the same time this man, to whom the sum of all things had been granted, did not allow himself to be called lord of men, indeed did not dare, when the true Lord of the whole human race was born among men.
Luke 2:14 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ is born in the year of universal peace.
- Quotation of Luke 2:14 in the Latin form “hominibus bonae uoluntatis.”
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nerissimamque → uerissimamque.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.22.5 (CSEL 5:428; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.22.6CSEL 5:428
eodem quoque anno tunc primum idem Caesar, quem his tantis mysteriis praedestinauerat Deus, censum agi singularum ubique prouinciarum et censeri omnes homines iussit, quando et Deus homo uideri et esse dignatus est. tunc igitur natus est Christus, Romano censui statim adscriptus ut natus est.
In the same year too the same Caesar, whom God had predestined for these great mysteries, then for the first time ordered a census to be taken of every province everywhere and all men to be registered, when God also deigned to be seen as man and to be man. Then, therefore, Christ was born, and as soon as he was born he was enrolled in the Roman census.
Luke 2:1–5 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ is enrolled in Augustus's census.
- Compare Luke 2:1–5.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): adscriptus at natus est → adscriptus ut natus est.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.22.6 (CSEL 5:428; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.22.7CSEL 5:428–429
haec est prima illa clarissimaque professio, quae Caesarem omnium principem Romanosque rerum dominos singillatim cunctorum hominum edita adscriptione signauit, in qua se et ipse, qui cunctos homines fecit, inueniri hominem adscribique inter homines uoluit; quod penitus numquam ab Orbe condito atque ab exordio generis humani in hunc modum ne Babylonio quidem uel Macedonico, ut non dicam minori cuiquam regno concessum fuit.
This is that first and most famous registration, which marked out Caesar as prince of all and the Romans as masters of the world by the published enrollment of all men one by one, in which he too who made all men willed to be found a man and enrolled among men; something which never at all, from the founding of the world and the beginning of the human race, was granted in this way, not even to the Babylonian or Macedonian kingdom, not to speak of any lesser one.
Notes and citation
Summary: The census was unique in history.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.22.7 (CSEL 5:428–429; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.22.8CSEL 5:429
nec dubium, quin omnium cognitioni fidei inspectionique pateat, quia Dominus noster Iesus Christus hanc urbem nutu suo auctam defensamque in hunc rerum apicem prouexerit, cuius potissime uoluit esse cum uenit, dicendus utique ciuis Romanus census professione Romani.
Nor is there doubt, as is open to the knowledge, faith, and examination of all, that our Lord Jesus Christ, by his will, brought this city, increased and defended, to this summit of power, the city to which above all he willed to belong when he came, rightly to be called a Roman citizen by the declaration of the Roman census.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ raised Rome and became her citizen.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): dicendus utique cinis Romanus → dicendus utique ciuis Romanus.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.22.8 (CSEL 5:429; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.22.9CSEL 5:429
Quamobrem quia ad id temporis peruentum est, quo et Dominus Christus hunc mundum primum aduentu suo inlustrauit regnumque Caesari tranquillissimum dedit, hunc quoque sextum libellum hoc fine concluserim:
Therefore, since we have reached the time in which the Lord Christ first lit up this world by his coming and gave Caesar a most tranquil reign, I would close this sixth book too with this end:
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius ends Book 6.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): hec fine → hoc fine.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.22.9 (CSEL 5:429; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.22.10CSEL 5:429
ut germinantia tempora Christiana magisque inter reprimentium manus crescentia et quae adhuc in prouectu posita horum ipsorum, quibus haec respondere cogimur, insectatione mordentur, septimo libello, si tamen adiuuante Domino suffecero, conprehendam,
that the sprouting Christian times, growing the more amid the hands of those who repress them, and those still in progress which are bitten by the attack of the very men to whom we are forced to give these answers, I may take up in the seventh book, if, with the Lord's help, I am equal to it,
Notes and citation
Summary: Book 7 will treat Christian times.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): inter reprimentum manus → inter reprimentium manus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.22.10 (CSEL 5:429; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.22.11CSEL 5:429–430
ut, quoniam ab initio et peccare homines et puniri propter peccata non tacui, nunc quoque, quae persecutiones Christianorum actae sint et quae ultiones secutae sint, absque eo quod omnes ad peccandum generaliter proni sunt atque ideo singillatim corripiuntur, expediam,
so that, since from the beginning I have not kept silent that men both sin and are punished for sins, I may now also set out what persecutions of Christians were carried out and what punishments followed, apart from the fact that all are generally prone to sin and are therefore chastised one by one.
Notes and citation
Summary: Book 7 will show persecutions and their punishments.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.22.11 (CSEL 5:429–430; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-22-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 1
7.1.1CSEL 5:431
Sufficientia ut arbitror documenta collecta sunt, quibus absque ullo arcano, quod paucorum fidelium est, probari de medio queat, unum illum et uerum Deum, quem Christiana fides praedicat, et condidisse mundum creaturamque eius, cum uoluit, et disposuisse per multa, cum per multa ignoraretur, et confirmasse ad unum, cum per unicum declaratus est, simulque potentiam patientiamque eius multimodis argumentis eluxisse.
Sufficient proofs, I think, have been gathered, by which, without any mystery that belongs to the few faithful, it can be proved openly that the one and true God, whom the Christian faith preaches, both founded the world and its creation when he willed, and ordered it through many things when he was unknown through many, and confirmed it into one when he was made known through the one, and at the same time that his power and patience have shone out by manifold arguments.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius sums up his proof of the one God's providence.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): doeumenta → documenta.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.1.1 (CSEL 5:431; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.1.2CSEL 5:431
in quo quidem angustas deiectasque mentes offendi paulisper intellego, quod tantae potentiae patientia tanta miscetur. si enim potens erat, inquiunt, creare mundum, componere pacem mundi, insinuare mundo cultum ac notitiam sui, quid opus fuit tanta uel, ut ipsi sentiunt, tam perniciosa patientia, ut in ultimo erroribus cladibus laboribusque hominum fieret, quod a principio uirtute eius, quem praedicas, Dei sic potius coepisse potuisset?
In this I understand that narrow and downcast minds are offended for a little, because so great patience is mixed with so great power. For if he was able, they say, to create the world, to establish the peace of the world, to instill into the world the worship and knowledge of himself, what need was there of such great, or, as they think, such ruinous patience, that at the last, through the errors, disasters, and labors of men, that should come about which could rather have begun so from the beginning by the power of the God whom you preach?
Notes and citation
Summary: The objection: why such delay?
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.1.2 (CSEL 5:431; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.1.3CSEL 5:431–432
quibus quidem ueraciter respondere possem, ad hoc ab initio creatum et institutum humanum genus, ut sub religione cum pace sine labore uiuens fructu oboedientiae aeternitatem promereretur, sed abusum bonitate creatoris libertatem indulgentia in contumaciam uertisse licentiam atque ex contemptu in obliuionem defluxisse,
To them I could truly answer that the human race was created and instituted from the beginning for this purpose, that living under religion with peace and without labor it might earn eternity by the fruit of obedience; but that, having abused the goodness of the Creator, it turned the liberty granted by his indulgence into the license of stubbornness and from contempt slid into forgetfulness,
Notes and citation
Summary: Humanity was made for obedient peace but fell.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): quibus quidem neraciter → quibus quidem ueraciter; fracta oboedientiae → fructu oboedientiae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.1.3 (CSEL 5:431–432; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.1.4CSEL 5:432
iustamque nunc esse patientiam Dei et iustam in utramque partem, ut nec contemptus disperdat in totum cui misereri uelit et affici laboribus dum uelit sinat contemptus potens; deinde subsequens esse, iuste semper adhibere quamuis ignoranti gubernationem, cui aliquando pie restituturus sit paenitenti antiquae gratiae facultatem.
and that the patience of God is now just, and just in both directions, so that, though despised, he does not utterly destroy one on whom he wishes to have mercy, and, though despised and powerful, lets him be afflicted with labors as long as he wills; and then that it follows that he should always justly apply governance to one, even though ignorant, to whom some day he will dutifully restore, when he repents, the possibility of the ancient grace.
Notes and citation
Summary: God's patience is just both ways.
- The Latin of this sentence is difficult; translated by sense.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.1.4 (CSEL 5:432; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.1.5CSEL 5:432
sed haec quoniam, etsi uerissime fortissimeque dicuntur, fidelem tamen atque oboedientem requirunt, mihi autem, uidero an aliquando credituris, certe nunc cum incredulis actio est, promptius ea proferam, quae ipsi etsi probare noluerint, inprobare non possint.
But since these things, though said most truly and powerfully, nevertheless require a believing and obedient hearer, while my case is with unbelievers, at least now (I shall see whether they will believe at some time), I shall more readily bring forward those things which, even if they will not approve them, they cannot disprove.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius will argue from what pagans cannot deny.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.1.5 (CSEL 5:432; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.1.6CSEL 5:432
itaque, quantum ad conscientiam humanarum mentium pertinet, utrique sub reuerentia religionis et confessione cultuque supernae potentiae uiuimus, distante dumtaxat fide; quia nostrum est, fateri ex uno et per unum Deum constare omnia, illorum, tam multos deos putare quam multa sunt.
So, as far as the conscience of human minds is concerned, both of us live under reverence for religion and the confession and worship of a higher power, differing only in faith; for it is ours to confess that all things exist from one and through one God, theirs to think there are as many gods as there are things.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christians and pagans differ in faith, not in reverence.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ex uno at per unum → ex uno et per unum.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.1.6 (CSEL 5:432; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.1.7CSEL 5:432–433
si potentiae Dei, inquiunt, quem praedicatis, fuit, ut Romanum imperium tam amplum ac tam sublime fieret, cur igitur patientia eiusdem obfuit, ut ante non fieret? quibus sub eodem uerbo respondebitur: si potentiae deorum, quos praedicatis, fuit, ut Romanum imperium tam amplum ac tam sublime fieret, cur igitur patientia eorundem obfuit, ut ante non fieret?
If it was of the power of the God whom you preach, they say, that the Roman empire should become so ample and so lofty, why then did his patience prevent it from coming about earlier? To them it will be answered in the same words: if it was of the power of the gods whom you preach that the Roman empire should become so ample and so lofty, why then did their patience prevent it from coming about earlier?
Notes and citation
Summary: The question turns back on the pagans.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): fuit, at Romanum → fuit, ut Romanum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.1.7 (CSEL 5:432–433; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.1.8CSEL 5:433
an ipsi dii nondum erant? an adhuc Roma ipsa non erat? an illi non colebantur? an haec necdum idonea imperio uidebatur? si nondum erant dii, cessat intentio; in quid enim iam ibi eorum discutio moram, ubi ne ipsam quidem inuenio naturam? si autem erant dii, aut potentia eorum, ut ipsi indicant, aut patientia in culpa est: uel patientia, si fuit, uel potentia, si defuit.
Did the gods themselves not yet exist? Did Rome herself not yet exist? Were they not worshiped? Did she not yet seem fit for empire? If the gods did not yet exist, the argument ceases; for why should I now discuss their delay there, where I do not even find their nature? But if the gods existed, either their power, as they themselves indicate, or their patience is at fault: either patience, if it was there, or power, if it was lacking.
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagan gods are caught in a dilemma.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.1.8 (CSEL 5:433; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.1.9CSEL 5:433
aut, si magis suadibile uidetur fuisse tunc quidem deos, qui prouehere potuissent, sed nondum exstitisse Romanos, qui prouehi iure possent, nos auctorem rerum potentiam, non artificem scientiam quaerimus. de diis quippe, ut putant, magnis, non de fabris uilissimis quaestio est, quibus nisi materia accedat, ars cessat.
Or, if it seems more persuasive that there were indeed gods then who could have advanced them, but that the Romans who could rightly be advanced did not yet exist, we are seeking a power that is author of things, not a craftsman's skill. For the question is about gods, great as they think, not about the meanest artisans, whose art ceases unless material is supplied.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gods worthy of the name do not depend on material.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.1.9 (CSEL 5:433; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.1.10CSEL 5:433–434
si enim praescisse illis ac uoluisse praesto semper fuit, immo etiam subiacente praescientia, quia apud omnipotentiam de operibus dumtaxat suis hoc est praescire quod uelle: quodcumque illud praesciebatur, cui uoluntas adstipularetur, non exspectari oportuit sed creari; maxime cum et Iouem illum suum aceruos formicarum in populos hominum ludo uertere solitum ferant.
For if to have foreknown and willed was always at hand for them, indeed with foreknowledge underlying, since with omnipotence, as regards its own works at least, to foreknow is the same as to will: whatever was foreknown, with which the will agreed, ought not to have been waited for but created; especially since they say that their Jupiter himself was accustomed in play to turn heaps of ants into peoples of men.
Notes and citation
Summary: Omnipotent gods would not need to wait.
- The myth of the Myrmidons, created from ants (Ovid, Metamorphoses 7.614–660).
Extrabiblical texts: Ovid, Metam. 7.614-660 (Ovid; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.1.10 (CSEL 5:433–434; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.1.11CSEL 5:434
porro autem de cura caerimoniarum nec recensendum arbitror, quoniam inter sacra continua incessabilibus cladibus nullus finis ac nulla requies fuit, nisi cum saluator Mundi Christus inluxit: cuius aduentui praedestinatam fuisse imperii Romani pacem, etsi iam sufficienter ostendisse me arbitror, tamen paucis adhuc supplere conabor.
As for the care of ceremonies, I think it need not even be reviewed, since amid continuous rites there was no end and no rest from ceaseless disasters, until Christ, the Savior of the world, shone forth; that the peace of the Roman empire was predestined for his coming, though I think I have already shown it sufficiently, I shall nevertheless try to supplement in a few words.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Roman peace was predestined for Christ.
Topics: Christology, Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.1.11 (CSEL 5:434; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-1-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).