Seven Books of History against the Pagans 6.2.1–6.10.21
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 6, chapter 2
6.2.1CSEL 5:356
Igitur Mithridates rex Ponti atque Armeniae postquam Nicomedem Bithyniae regem amicum populi Romani regno priuare molitus est atque a senatu monitus, si facere temptaret, bellum sibi a populo Romano inferendum fore, iratus Cappadociam continuo peruasit atque expulso ab ea Ariobarzane rege cunctam prouinciam igni ferroque uastauit.
So Mithridates, king of Pontus and Armenia, after he had tried to deprive Nicomedes, king of Bithynia, a friend of the Roman people, of his kingdom and had been warned by the senate that if he attempted it, war would be made on him by the Roman people, in anger at once invaded Cappadocia and, having driven King Ariobarzanes out of it, laid waste the whole province with fire and sword.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates invades Cappadocia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.1 (CSEL 5:356; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.2CSEL 5:356–357
Bithyniam deinde pari clade corripuit. Paphlagoniam simili exitu adflixit pulsis ex ea Pylaemene et Nicomede regibus. post cum uenisset Ephesum, crudeli praecepit edicto, ut per totam Asiam quicumque inuenti essent ciues Romani sub una die omnes necarentur.
Then he seized Bithynia with equal destruction. He afflicted Paphlagonia with a similar fate, driving out of it the kings Pylaemenes and Nicomedes. Afterward, when he had come to Ephesus, he ordered by a cruel edict that whatever Roman citizens were found throughout all Asia should all be killed on one day.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates orders the massacre of Romans in Asia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.2 (CSEL 5:356–357; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.3CSEL 5:357
et factum est; nec explicari aut conprehendi ullo modo uerbis potest, quae tunc multitudo Romanorum ciuium caesa sit, quis maeror plurimarum prouinciarum, quis gemitus occidendorum pariter atque occidentium fuerit, cum singuli quique aut prodere innocentes hospites et amicos, aut ipsi periclitari poena hospitum cogerentur.
And it was done; nor can it in any way be explained or grasped in words what a multitude of Roman citizens was then slain, what grief there was in very many provinces, what groaning of those to be killed and of those killing alike, when each one was forced either to betray innocent guests and friends or himself to be endangered by the punishment due to his guests.
Notes and citation
Summary: The massacre in Asia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.3 (CSEL 5:357; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.4CSEL 5:357
Archelaus quoque dux Mithridatis cum cxx milibus peditum atque equitum in Achaiam praemissus Athenas cunctamque Graeciam partim ui partim deditione obtinuit.
Archelaus too, Mithridates's general, sent ahead into Achaea with a hundred and twenty thousand infantry and cavalry, took Athens and all Greece, partly by force, partly by surrender.
Notes and citation
Summary: Archelaus takes Greece.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.4 (CSEL 5:357; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.5CSEL 5:357–358
Sulla, cui post consulatum Mithridaticum bellum obuenerat, Archelaum apud Piraeum, Atheniensium portum septemplici muro conmunitum, diu obsedit, ipsam Atheniensium urbem ui cepit. postea iusto proelio cum Archelao conflixit: centum decem milia de exercitu Archelai interfecta, uix decem milia superfuisse referuntur.
Sulla, to whom the Mithridatic war had fallen after his consulship, long besieged Archelaus at the Piraeus, the port of the Athenians, fortified with a sevenfold wall, and took the city of the Athenians itself by force. Afterward he clashed with Archelaus in a regular battle: a hundred and ten thousand of Archelaus's army were killed, and scarcely ten thousand are reported to have survived.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulla takes Athens and defeats Archelaus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.5 (CSEL 5:357–358; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.6CSEL 5:358
conperta clade Mithridates lectissima septuaginta milia militum Archelao in subsidium misit ex Asia. secundo proelio quinquaginta milia ex his interfecta sunt ibique Diogenes Archelai filius trucidatus est.
When the disaster was learned, Mithridates sent seventy thousand picked soldiers from Asia to help Archelaus. In a second battle fifty thousand of these were killed, and there Diogenes, son of Archelaus, was slaughtered.
Notes and citation
Summary: A second defeat of Archelaus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.6 (CSEL 5:358; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.7CSEL 5:358
tertio bello omnes copiae, quas Archelaus habebat, extinctae sunt. nam uiginti milia militum eius in paludem pulsa cum Sullae fidem inplorarent, insatiabili uictoris ira interfecta sunt totidemque alia in flumen coacta ac necata, reliqui miserorum passim trucidati sunt.
In a third battle all the forces Archelaus had were destroyed. For twenty thousand of his soldiers, driven into a marsh, when they implored Sulla's protection, were killed by the insatiable anger of the victor, and as many others were driven into a river and killed; the rest of the wretched men were slaughtered everywhere.
Notes and citation
Summary: Archelaus's army is destroyed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.7 (CSEL 5:358; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.8CSEL 5:358
porro autem Mithridates in Asia nobilissimarum urbium principes occidere bonaque eorum publicare animo intenderat. cumque iam mille sescentos ita interfecisset, Ephesii exemplum uerentes excluso praesidio eius portas obiecerunt; similiter Smyrnaei Sardi Colophonii Trallianique fecerunt.
Moreover, Mithridates in Asia had resolved to kill the chief men of the noblest cities and confiscate their goods. And when he had already killed sixteen hundred in this way, the Ephesians, fearing the example, shut out his garrison and closed their gates against him; similarly the people of Smyrna, Sardis, Colophon, and Tralles did the same.
Notes and citation
Summary: Asian cities revolt from Mithridates.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): excluso praesidio. eius → excluso praesidio eius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.8 (CSEL 5:358; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.9CSEL 5:358
perturbatus Mithridates per Archelaum ducem suum cum Sulla de pace pepigit. interea Fimbria Marianorum scelerum satelles, homo omnium audacissimus, Flaccum consulem, cui legatus ierat, apud Nicomediam occidit;
Mithridates, alarmed, made peace with Sulla through his general Archelaus. Meanwhile Fimbria, the henchman of the Marian crimes, the most daring of all men, killed at Nicomedia the consul Flaccus, to whom he had gone as legate;
Notes and citation
Summary: Peace with Sulla; Fimbria murders Flaccus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.9 (CSEL 5:358; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.10CSEL 5:358–359
ac mox arrepto exercitu Mithridatis filium ex Asia ad Miletopolin fugat, stationem regis inuadit ipsumque Pergamo pellit fugientemque insecutus apud Pitanam obsedit, et profecto cepisset, si L. Lucullus ciuilibus discordiis curam reipublicae praetulisset eumque mari coartare obiecta classe uoluisset.
and soon, seizing the army, he drove Mithridates's son out of Asia to Miletopolis, attacked the king's station and drove him out of Pergamum, and, pursuing him as he fled, besieged him at Pitane, and would surely have taken him if Lucius Lucullus had preferred care for the commonwealth to civil discords and had been willing to hem him in by sea by placing his fleet in the way.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fimbria nearly captures Mithridates.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.10 (CSEL 5:358–359; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.11CSEL 5:359
inde Fimbria Iliensibus iratus, a quibus pro Sullanae partis studio obiectu portarum repulsus uidebatur, ipsam urbem Ilium, antiquam illam Romae parentem, funditus caede incendioque deleuit. sed eam Sulla continuo reformauit. idem Fimbria apud Thyatiram cum ab exercitu Sullae obsideretur, desperatione adactus in templo Aesculapii manu sua interfectus est.
Then Fimbria, angry with the people of Ilium, by whom he thought he had been repulsed by the closing of their gates out of zeal for Sulla's party, destroyed the city of Ilium itself, that ancient mother of Rome, utterly with slaughter and fire. But Sulla at once rebuilt it. The same Fimbria, when he was besieged at Thyatira by Sulla's army, driven by despair, killed himself with his own hand in the temple of Aesculapius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fimbria destroys Ilium and kills himself.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.11 (CSEL 5:359; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.12CSEL 5:359
Fannius et Magius de exercitu Fimbriae profugi Mithridati sese adiunxerunt: quorum hortatu Mithridates cum Sertorio per legatos in Hispaniam missos foedus pepigit. Sertorius ad eum M. Marium firmandi foederis causa misit: quem rex apud se retentum breui ducem fecit in locum Archelai, qui se ad Sullam cum uxore liberisque contulerat.
Fannius and Magius, deserters from Fimbria's army, joined Mithridates; at their urging Mithridates made a treaty with Sertorius through envoys sent to Spain. Sertorius sent Marcus Marius to him to confirm the treaty; the king kept him with him and soon made him general in place of Archelaus, who had gone over to Sulla with his wife and children.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates allies with Sertorius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Hidpaniam → Hispaniam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.12 (CSEL 5:359; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.13CSEL 5:359
Marius et Eumachus duces a Mithridate aduersus Lucullum missi, magno exercitu breui congregato cum P. Rutilio apud Chalcedonam congressi sunt eumque cum plurima exercitus ipsius parte ceciderunt.
Marius and Eumachus, generals sent by Mithridates against Lucullus, soon gathered a great army, engaged Publius Rutilius near Chalcedon, and cut him down with the greater part of his army.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates's generals defeat Rutilius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.13 (CSEL 5:359; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.14CSEL 5:359–360
Lucullus Mithridatem Cyzicenos obsidentem fossa cinxit eumque quod faciebat pati conpulit atque ad ipsos Cyzicenos, ut bono animo essent, nuntium misit unum ex militibus nandi peritum: qui duobus utribus suspensus mediam ipse regulam tenens plantisque subremigans septem milia passuum transmeauit.
Lucullus surrounded Mithridates, who was besieging the people of Cyzicus, with a ditch and forced him to suffer what he was doing; and he sent to the people of Cyzicus, to bid them be of good heart, a messenger, one of his soldiers skilled in swimming, who, buoyed up by two leather bags, holding a board in the middle and paddling with his feet, swam across seven miles.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lucullus besieges the besieger at Cyzicus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): obsidontem → obsidentem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.14 (CSEL 5:359–360; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.15CSEL 5:360
Mithridates inopia laborans partem copiarum instructam armis domum abire praecepit: quam Lucullus excipiens uniuersam disperdidit, nam amplius quam quindecim milia hominum tunc interfecisse narratur.
Mithridates, suffering from want, ordered part of his forces, equipped with arms, to go home; Lucullus intercepted it and destroyed it entirely, for he is said to have killed more than fifteen thousand men then.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lucullus destroys a departing detachment.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.15 (CSEL 5:360; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.16CSEL 5:360
tunc etiam Fannius, qui se Mithridati iunxerat, et Metrophanes regius praetor a Mamerco uicti, cum duobus milibus equitum in Moesiam profugerunt atque inde in Maeoniam digressi in colles camposque Inarimos inciderunt.
Then too Fannius, who had joined Mithridates, and Metrophanes, the king's praetor, defeated by Mamercus, fled with two thousand cavalry into Moesia, and going from there into Maeonia came upon the Inarime hills and plains.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fannius and Metrophanes flee into Maeonia.
- “Moesiam” as printed; Mysia is meant.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.16 (CSEL 5:360; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.17CSEL 5:360
ubi non solum montes usti uel saxa quasi quadam fuligine obfuscata cernuntur, uerum etiam campi ambusto solo squalidi per quinquaginta milia passuum sine ullo ignis uel fornacis indicio et pendulo in profundum cinere putres iacent; tribus etiam locis torridae uoragines ostenduntur, quas Graeci physas uocant.
There not only are mountains seen burnt and rocks darkened as if with soot, but plains too lie for fifty miles, rough with scorched soil, without any sign of fire or furnace, and crumbling with ash hanging down into the depths; in three places also burning chasms are shown, which the Greeks call physae.
Notes and citation
Summary: The volcanic Burnt Land of Maeonia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.17 (CSEL 5:360; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.18CSEL 5:360
in quibus diu oberrantes inopinatis tandem periculis exempti sunt et clam in regis castra uenerunt. Deiotarus rex Gallograeciae praefectos regis bello trucidauit.
Wandering among these for a long time, they were at last delivered from unexpected dangers and came secretly into the king's camp. Deiotarus, king of Gallograecia, slaughtered the king's prefects in war.
Notes and citation
Summary: They reach Mithridates; Deiotarus defeats his prefects.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.18 (CSEL 5:360; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.19CSEL 5:360–361
Interea Mithridates apud Cyzicum eadem mora, qua obsidebat, obsessus in magnam penuriam pestilentiamque exercitum suum coartauit. nam plus quam trecenta milia hominum fame et morbo in eadem obsidione amisisse fertur; ipse cum paucis arrepta naui clam fugit e castris.
Meanwhile Mithridates at Cyzicus, besieged by the same delay with which he was besieging, reduced his army to great want and pestilence. For he is said to have lost more than three hundred thousand men by hunger and disease in that same siege; he himself, seizing a ship, fled secretly from the camp with a few men.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates's army perishes at Cyzicus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.19 (CSEL 5:360–361; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.20CSEL 5:361
Lucullus, incruento milite spectator cladis alienae, nouum genus uictoriae adeptus est; mox Marium adortus uicit fugauitque: in quo proelio plus quam undecim milia Marianorum militum interfecta referuntur.
Lucullus, with his soldiers unbloodied, a spectator of another's disaster, gained a new kind of victory; soon he attacked Marius, defeated him and routed him: in that battle more than eleven thousand of Marius's soldiers are reported killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lucullus defeats Marius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): uiotoriae → uictoriae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.20 (CSEL 5:361; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.21CSEL 5:361
Lucullus postea cum eodem Mario nauali proelio congressus triginta et duas naues regias et conplures onerarias aut demersit aut cepit. multi ibi ex his quos Sulla proscripserat, interempti sunt.
Lucullus afterward engaged the same Marius in a naval battle and either sank or captured thirty-two royal ships and a number of transports. Many of those whom Sulla had proscribed were killed there.
Notes and citation
Summary: A naval victory of Lucullus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): onerarias ant demersit → onerarias aut demersit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.21 (CSEL 5:361; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.22CSEL 5:361
Marius postera die de spelunca, ubi latebat, extractus meritas hostilis animi poenas luit.
The next day Marius was dragged out of the cave where he was hiding and paid the deserved penalty for his hostile spirit.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius is captured and executed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): spelunoa → spelunca.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.22 (CSEL 5:361; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.23CSEL 5:361
eodem uero Lucullus impetu Apamiam uastauit et sub monte Olympo Prusam munitissimam ciuitatem captam expugnatamque diripuit.
In the same onset Lucullus laid waste Apamea and, below Mount Olympus, took, stormed, and sacked Prusa, a very strongly fortified city.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lucullus takes Apamea and Prusa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.23 (CSEL 5:361; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.2.24CSEL 5:361–362
Mithridates aduersus Byzantium instructa classe nauigans tempestate correptus octoginta rostratas naues perdidit; ipse cum quassa iam naui mergeretur, in myoparonem Seleuci piratae ipso pirata iuuante transiluit. inde Sinopem ac post Amisum cum magna difficultate peruenit.
Mithridates, sailing against Byzantium with a fleet made ready, was caught by a storm and lost eighty beaked ships; when his own ship, already shattered, was sinking, he leaped over into the light vessel of Seleucus the pirate, with the pirate himself helping. From there he reached Sinope and afterward Amisus with great difficulty.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates loses his fleet in a storm.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): diffioultate → difficultate.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.2.24 (CSEL 5:361–362; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-2-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 3
6.3.1CSEL 5:362
Eodem anno apud Romam Catilina incesti accusatus, quod cum Fabia uirgine Vestali commisisse arguebatur, Catuli gratia fultus euasit.
In the same year at Rome Catiline, accused of unchastity, because he was charged with having committed it with Fabia, a Vestal virgin, escaped, supported by the favor of Catulus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Catiline is acquitted of unchastity with a Vestal.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Catilina moesti accusatus → Catilina incesti accusatus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.3.1 (CSEL 5:362; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.3.2CSEL 5:362
Lucullus Sinopem expugnaturus obsederat; hanc Seleucus archipirata et Cleochares spado, qui praesidii causa praeerant, expilatam atque incensam reliquerunt.
Lucullus had besieged Sinope, intending to storm it; Seleucus the arch-pirate and Cleochares the eunuch, who commanded it as a garrison, plundered and burned it and left it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sinope is plundered by its own defenders.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): expognatnrus → expugnaturus; Cleoohares → Cleochares.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.3.2 (CSEL 5:362; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.3.3CSEL 5:362
Lucullus miserorum hostium intestina clade permotus celeri occursu inmissum restinxit incendium. ita misera ciuitas uersa uice hostium sociorumque unde defendenda disperdita et unde disperdenda seruata est.
Lucullus, moved by the internal disaster of the wretched enemy, by a swift approach put out the fire that had been set. So the wretched city, with enemies and allies changing roles, was destroyed by those who should have defended it and saved by those who should have destroyed it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lucullus saves Sinope from the fire.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.3.3 (CSEL 5:362; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.3.4CSEL 5:362
at uero M. Lucullus, qui Curioni in Macedonia successerat, totam Bessorum gentem bello adpetitam in deditionem recepit.
But Marcus Lucullus, who had succeeded Curio in Macedonia, attacked the whole people of the Bessi in war and received them in surrender.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcus Lucullus subdues the Bessi.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.3.4 (CSEL 5:362; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.3.5CSEL 5:362
Eodem tempore Metellus Siciliae praetor cum foedissima illa C. Verris praetura Siciliam adflictam inuenisset, maxime Pyrganione archipirata nefariis praedis et caedibus dilacerante, qui pulsa classe Romana Syracusanum portum obtinuerat — quem mox nauali terrestrique proelio comminutum Sicilia decedere conpulit.
At the same time Metellus, praetor of Sicily, had found Sicily afflicted by that most foul praetorship of Gaius Verres, and especially torn apart by the wicked plunderings and murders of the arch-pirate Pyrganio, who, having driven off the Roman fleet, had seized the harbor of Syracuse; Metellus soon crushed him in a naval and land battle and forced him to leave Sicily.
Notes and citation
Summary: Metellus clears Sicily of the pirate Pyrganio.
- The Latin sentence is broken off and resumed (“quem mox …”); rendered as one sentence.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): qui pulsa. classe → qui pulsa classe.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.3.5 (CSEL 5:362; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.3.6CSEL 5:362–363
praeterea Lucullus transgressus Euphraten et Tigrim, apud Tigranocertam urbem cum Mithridate et Tigrane congressus paruissima suorum manu magnum hostium numerum occidit; nam triginta milia hominum in eo bello caesa referuntur.
Moreover, Lucullus crossed the Euphrates and the Tigris and, engaging Mithridates and Tigranes near the city of Tigranocerta, killed a great number of the enemy with a very small band of his own; for thirty thousand men are reported slain in that battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lucullus wins at Tigranocerta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.3.6 (CSEL 5:362–363; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.3.7CSEL 5:363
Tigranes uix centum quinquaginta equitibus comitatus aufugit diademate et tiara ne agnosceretur abiectis. tunc ad Lucullum totius paene Orientis supplices uenere legati; imminente hieme per Armeniam in Mesopotamiam regressus Nisibin urbem illis tunc locis inclitam expugnauit et cepit.
Tigranes fled, accompanied by barely a hundred and fifty horsemen, having thrown away his diadem and tiara so as not to be recognized. Then envoys of almost the whole East came to Lucullus as suppliants; with winter approaching he returned through Armenia into Mesopotamia and stormed and took the city of Nisibis, then famous in those parts.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tigranes flees; Lucullus takes Nisibis.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): uix ceutum → uix centum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.3.7 (CSEL 5:363; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-3-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 4
6.4.1CSEL 5:363
Isdem diebus piratae per omnia sparsi maria et iam non tantum intercipientes nauium commeatus sed etiam insulas prouinciasque uastantes, inpunitate sceleris et auiditate praedae uulgo sese adsociantibus in inmensum augebantur: quos Cn. Pompeius post multam quidem uastationem, quam terra marique diu egerant, mira tamen celeritate conpressit.
In the same days the pirates, scattered over all the seas and now not only intercepting the supplies of ships but also laying waste islands and provinces, were growing immensely, as men everywhere joined them through impunity for crime and greed for booty; Gnaeus Pompeius, after much devastation which they had long wrought by land and sea, nevertheless crushed them with wonderful speed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey suppresses the pirates.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): per omma sparsi → per omnia sparsi.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.4.1 (CSEL 5:363; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.4.2CSEL 5:363
Eodem tempore Cretam insulam per biennium Metellus euertit diuturnoque bello domitam in potestatem redegit legesque Minois Romanis legibus permutauit.
At the same time Metellus overthrew the island of Crete over two years, brought it under control, subdued by a long war, and exchanged the laws of Minos for Roman laws.
Notes and citation
Summary: Metellus conquers Crete.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Cretam insnlam → Cretam insulam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.4.2 (CSEL 5:363; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.4.3CSEL 5:363–364
Pompeius postea, successor Luculli, in minore Armenia iuxta montem Dastracum castra regis obsidione conclusit. rex cum omnibus copiis eruptione per noctem facta, insuper etiam persequentem bello repellere statuit. Pompeius fugientes persequi intendit.
Afterward Pompeius, successor of Lucullus, in Lesser Armenia near Mount Dastracus shut in the king's camp by siege. The king, making a sortie by night with all his forces, resolved even to drive back his pursuer in battle. Pompeius set himself to pursue the fugitives.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey besieges Mithridates in Lesser Armenia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): successor Luoulli → successor Luculli.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.4.3 (CSEL 5:363–364; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.4.4CSEL 5:364
itaque bellum nocte commissum est. luna tunc orta a tergo Romanis erat. regii longitudinem umbrarum proximitatem hostium rati cuncta in inritum tela fuderunt. Romani ueluti inermes postea adgressi sine labore uicerunt.
So battle was joined at night. The moon, then risen, was behind the Romans. The king's men, taking the length of the shadows for the nearness of the enemy, poured out all their missiles in vain. The Romans then attacked them as if unarmed and won without effort.
Notes and citation
Summary: A night battle lit by the moon.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.4.4 (CSEL 5:364; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.4.5CSEL 5:364
namque de exercitu regio XL milia caesa uel capta sunt, Romani uulnerati mille, uix autem quadraginta interfecti.
For of the king's army forty thousand were slain or captured, while of the Romans a thousand were wounded and scarcely forty killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The losses.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.4.5 (CSEL 5:364; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.4.6CSEL 5:364
rex inter tumultus belli fuga lapsus, adiutus etiam beneficio sublustris noctis euasit, relictusque ab omnibus amicis philosophis scriptoribus rerum uel carminum ac medicis solus per deuia equum manu trahens atque ad omnes nocturnos strepitus trepidans, in quoddam castellum deuertit atque inde in Armeniam perrexit.
The king slipped away in flight amid the confusion of battle and, helped also by the advantage of the dim night, escaped; and deserted by all his friends, philosophers, writers of history or poetry, and physicians, alone, leading his horse by hand through trackless places and trembling at every noise of the night, he turned aside into a certain fort and from there went on into Armenia.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates escapes alone.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.4.6 (CSEL 5:364; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.4.7CSEL 5:364
Pompeius regem insecuturus inter duo flumina, quae ab uno monte diuersis specubus exoriuntur, hoc est Euphraten et Araxen, urbem Nicopolim senibus, lixis et aegris uolentibus condidit.
Pompeius, about to pursue the king, between two rivers which rise from one mountain from different caves, that is, the Euphrates and the Araxes, founded the city of Nicopolis for the old men, the camp followers, and the sick who wished it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey founds Nicopolis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.4.7 (CSEL 5:364; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.4.8CSEL 5:364–365
oranti Tigrani ueniam dedit; exercitum Horodis Albanorum regis praefectosque eius ter proelio uicit; postea epistulas Horodis et munera pro pace cum Albanis instauranda libenter accepit; Artacem regem Hiberiae bello fudit totamque Hiberiam in deditionem accepit.
He granted pardon to Tigranes when he begged for it; he defeated three times in battle the army of Horodes, king of the Albanians, and his prefects; afterward he gladly accepted Horodes's letters and gifts for restoring peace with the Albanians; he routed Artaces, king of Hiberia, in war and received all Hiberia in surrender.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey's victories in the Caucasus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.4.8 (CSEL 5:364–365; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.4.9CSEL 5:365
inde, cum Armeniam Colchos Cappadociam et Syriam ordinatis rebus conposuisset, promouens de Ponto in Parthiam ad Ecbatanam urbem caput Parthici regni quinquagensimo die uenit.
Then, when he had settled Armenia, the Colchians, Cappadocia, and Syria by ordering their affairs, advancing from Pontus into Parthia, he came on the fiftieth day to the city of Ecbatana, capital of the Parthian kingdom.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey reaches Ecbatana.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): inde, oum Armeniam → inde, cum Armeniam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.4.9 (CSEL 5:365; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-4-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 5
6.5.1CSEL 5:365
In Bosporo Mithridate Cerealia sacra celebrante terrae motus adeo grauis repente exortus est, ut magna clades ex eo urbium atque agrorum secuta narretur.
In the Bosporus, while Mithridates was celebrating the rites of Ceres, so severe an earthquake suddenly arose that a great destruction of cities and fields is said to have followed from it.
Notes and citation
Summary: An earthquake in the Bosporus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.1 (CSEL 5:365; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.2CSEL 5:365
eodem tempore Castor Mithridatis praefectus, qui Phanagorio praeerat, interfectis amicis regiis arcem occupauit et quattuor Mithridatis filios ad praesidia Romana transmisit.
At the same time Castor, Mithridates's prefect, who commanded Phanagoria, killed the king's friends, seized the citadel, and sent four sons of Mithridates over to the Roman garrisons.
Notes and citation
Summary: Castor defects at Phanagoria.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): arcem ocoupauit → arcem occupauit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.2 (CSEL 5:365; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.3CSEL 5:365
Mithridates accensus ira in scelera exarsit. nam conplures tunc amicos suos et Exipodram filium suum interfecit, cum antea iam alio Macharem parricidio trucidasset;
Mithridates, kindled with anger, blazed into crimes. For he then killed a number of his friends and his son Exipodras, having already before butchered Machares in another murder of kin;
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates kills his son and friends.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.3 (CSEL 5:365; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.4CSEL 5:365
Pharnaces alter filius eius exemplo fratrum territus exercitum ad persequendum sese missum sibi conciliauit et mox aduersus patrem duxit.
Pharnaces, another son of his, terrified by the example of his brothers, won over to himself the army sent to pursue him and soon led it against his father.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pharnaces rebels.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.4 (CSEL 5:365; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.5CSEL 5:365–366
Mithridates diu ex altissimo muro filium frustra precatus ubi inexorabilem uidit, moriturus exclamasse fertur: Quoniam Pharnaces, inquit, mori iubet, nos, si estis, di patrii, precor, ut quandocumque et ipse hanc uocem a liberis suis audiat. statimque descendens ad uxores, pelices ac filias suas uenenum omnibus dedit.
Mithridates, after long and vainly pleading with his son from the top of a very high wall, when he saw him inexorable, is said to have cried out as he was about to die: “Since Pharnaces orders us to die, I pray you, gods of my fathers, if you exist, that some day he too may hear this word from his own children.” And at once going down to his wives, concubines, and daughters, he gave poison to all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates curses his son and poisons his family.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): pelices ac filias suae → pelices ac filias suas.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.5 (CSEL 5:365–366; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.6CSEL 5:366
quod cum ipse nouissimus hausisset nec tamen propter remedia, quibus uitalia sua aduersus noxios sucos saepe obstruxerat, ueneno confici posset frustraque spatiaretur, siquo tandem modo infusa pestis per uenas uegetatione corporis acta discurreret, Gallum quendam militem iam fracto muro discurrentem inuitauit eique iugulum praebuit.
When he himself had drunk it last and yet could not be killed by the poison because of the antidotes with which he had often fortified his vitals against noxious juices, and was walking about in vain in case the poison poured in might somehow at last run through his veins driven by the motion of his body, he called a certain Gallic soldier who was running about, the wall being already broken, and offered him his throat.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates dies by a Gallic soldier's sword.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nonissimus → nouissimus; Qallum quendam → Gallum quendam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.6 (CSEL 5:366; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.7CSEL 5:366
hunc exitum uitae Mithridates habuit nobisque sententiae suae fortissimum argumentum reliquit homo omnium, ut ferunt, superstitiosissimus, annos natus septuaginta et duo, habens secum semper philosophos omniumque artium peritissimos.
This was the end of Mithridates's life, and he left us a very strong proof of his judgment, a man, as they say, the most superstitious of all, seventy-two years old, always having with him philosophers and men most skilled in all the arts.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates's death and his doubt about the gods.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.7 (CSEL 5:366; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.8CSEL 5:366
Si estis, inquit, di patrii. ita ille diu colendo ac diu quaerendo persenserat hos non esse certos deos, qui esse putabantur. rex multae experientiae atque aeuo grauis uerum Deum, ad cuius notitiam non nisi auditu per fidem uenitur, non intellegebat. hos autem falsos esse rationis ipsius luce peruiderat, aliud consuetudini aliud menti suae tribuens.
“If you exist,” he said, “gods of my fathers.” So by long worship and long inquiry he had come to feel that those who were thought to be gods were not certain gods. A king of much experience and heavy with age, he did not understand the true God, to the knowledge of whom one comes only by hearing through faith; but he had seen through by the light of reason itself that these were false, assigning one thing to custom and another to his own mind.
Rom 10:17 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Mithridates doubted the gods but did not know the true God.
- “By hearing through faith”: compare Rom 10:17.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (words joined in the digital text): dipatrii → di patrii.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.8 (CSEL 5:366; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.9CSEL 5:366
si estis, inquit, di, hoc est dicere: ego sentiens esse super hominem potentiorem ipso homine potestatem, precandi necessitate motus commendo diligentiam et excuso ignorantiam meam; inuoco qui est, dum conuenio qui non est.
“If you exist,” he said, “gods”; that is to say: “I, perceiving that there is above man a power mightier than man himself, moved by the need to pray, commend my diligence and excuse my ignorance; I invoke him who is, while I address those who are not.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The meaning of his prayer.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.9 (CSEL 5:366; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.10CSEL 5:366–367
quapropter cum dolore et timore considerandum est: qua poena quoue iudicio digni erunt, qui contra interdictum iam propalatae et publicae ueritatis eos sectantur et colunt deos, de quibus etiam illi iam tunc dubitare poterant, qui adhuc praeter eosdem scire nil poterant.
Therefore it must be considered with grief and fear: of what punishment or what judgment will those be worthy who, against the prohibition of the truth now made plain and public, follow and worship those gods about whom even those men could already then doubt, who as yet could know nothing besides them?
Notes and citation
Summary: Those who still worship the gods are more guilty.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): quoue indicio → quoue iudicio.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.10 (CSEL 5:366–367; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.11CSEL 5:367
uerumtamen breuiter consulo: qualia tunc toto Orienti tempora uidebantur, cum per quadraginta annos miserae nationes alternis tantorum ducum uastationibus terebantur; cum quaeque ciuitas tantis concursibus media ineuitabiliter periclitabatur, inde accensura alterum unde alterum temperasset, hoc mox habitura supplicii quod remedii ad tempus habuisset;
Yet I ask briefly: what kind of times did they seem then to the whole East, when for forty years wretched nations were worn down by the alternate devastations of such great generals; when each city, in the middle of such great clashes, was inevitably endangered, sure to inflame one side by the very means by which it had soothed the other, and soon to have as punishment what it had had as remedy for a time;
Notes and citation
Summary: The East suffered under both sides.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.11 (CSEL 5:367; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.12CSEL 5:367
cum trepidae diuersarum prouinciarum legationes inter succedentes Romanorum duces et truculentiorem notitia Mithridaten, alternis ad utrumque, prout quemque sors belli attollebat, et incertis satisfactionibus transferebantur augendo pericula quae sanabant?
when the anxious embassies of various provinces were shifted back and forth, between the successive Roman generals and Mithridates, more savage than his reputation, to one and then the other, as the fortune of war raised each, with uncertain offers of satisfaction, increasing the dangers they were healing?
Notes and citation
Summary: The provinces' embassies only increased their danger.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): proninciarum → prouinciarum; angendo pericula → augendo pericula.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.12 (CSEL 5:367; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.5.13CSEL 5:367
nam quid continuo Pompeius et quidem Pompeius homo Romanorum moderatissimus per plurimas partes Orientis finito Mithridatico bello egerit, paucis proferam.
For what Pompeius at once did, and Pompeius indeed, the most moderate of Romans, through very many parts of the East after the Mithridatic war was ended, I shall set out in a few words.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey's further deeds in the East.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.5.13 (CSEL 5:367; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-5-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 6
6.6.1CSEL 5:367–368
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCLXXXVIIII M. Tullio Cicerone et C. Antonio consulibus Pompeius occisi Mithridatis nuntio accepto Syriam Coelen et Phoenicen bello adgressus, Ituraeos primum Arabasque perdomuit urbemque eorum, quam Petram nominant, cepit;
In the 689th year from the founding of the City, in the consulship of Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Antonius, Pompeius, having received news that Mithridates had been killed, attacked Coele Syria and Phoenicia in war, first subdued the Ituraeans and Arabs, and took their city, which they call Petra;
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey in Syria and Arabia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (lowercase initial in the digital text): Anno ab vrbe condita → Anno ab Vrbe condita.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.6.1 (CSEL 5:367–368; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.6.2CSEL 5:368
hinc ad Iudaeos, quibus Aristobulus expulso fratre Hyrcano primus ex sacerdote rex praeerat, atque ad Hierosolymam urbem eorum Gabinium cum exercitu mittit. ipse continuo subsecutus et a patribus urbe susceptus sed a plebe muro templi repulsus expugnationem eius intendit.
then he sent Gabinius with an army to the Jews, over whom Aristobulus, having driven out his brother Hyrcanus, was ruling as the first king from a priest, and to Jerusalem their city. He himself followed at once and, received into the city by the elders but driven back from the wall of the temple by the common people, set about storming it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey comes to Jerusalem.
- Orosius's “first king from a priest” is inaccurate: the Hasmonean Aristobulus I had taken the royal title earlier; this is Aristobulus II.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): expnlso → expulso.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.6.2 (CSEL 5:368; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.6.3CSEL 5:368
id non solum natura loci, uerum etiam ingenti muro fossaque maxima munitum, cum alias aliis legiones dies noctesque succedere sine requie cogeret, uix tertio mense expugnauit. tredecim milia ibi Iudaeorum caesa narrantur, cetera multitudo in fidem uenit.
It was fortified not only by the nature of the place but also by a huge wall and a very great ditch; and though he made legions succeed one another day and night without rest, he barely took it in the third month. Thirteen thousand Jews are said to have been slain there; the rest of the multitude came into his protection.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey takes the temple.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.6.3 (CSEL 5:368; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.6.4CSEL 5:368
Pompeius muros ciuitatis euerti aequarique solo imperauit et, cum aliquantos principes Iudaeorum securi percussisset, Hyrcanum sacerdotio restituit, Aristobulum captiuum Romam duxit. hoc bellum Orientis cum uiginti et duobus regibus sese gessisse ipse Pompeius pro contione narrauit.
Pompeius ordered the walls of the city overthrown and leveled with the ground and, having beheaded a number of the chief men of the Jews, restored Hyrcanus to the priesthood and led Aristobulus captive to Rome. Pompeius himself declared before an assembly that he had waged this war of the East with twenty-two kings.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey's settlement of Judea.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): mnros ciuitatis enerti aequarique. solo → muros ciuitatis euerti aequarique solo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.6.4 (CSEL 5:368; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.6.5CSEL 5:368
Interea coniuratio Catilinae aduersus patriam per eosdem dies in Vrbe habita et prodita, in Etruria uero ciuili bello extincta est; Romae conscii coniurationis occisi sunt.
Meanwhile the conspiracy of Catiline against his homeland was formed and betrayed in the City in the same days, but was extinguished in Etruria by civil war; at Rome those privy to the conspiracy were killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The conspiracy of Catiline.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip and stray period): coninratio Catilinae. → coniuratio Catilinae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.6.5 (CSEL 5:368; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.6.6CSEL 5:368–369
sed hanc historiam agente Cicerone et describente Sallustio satis omnibus notam nunc a nobis breuiter fuisse perstrictam sat est.
But since this history, with Cicero acting and Sallust describing it, is well enough known to all, it is enough that it has now been touched on briefly by us.
Notes and citation
Summary: Catiline's story is well known.
- Sallust, The Conspiracy of Catiline; Cicero's speeches against Catiline.
Extrabiblical texts: Sallust (Sallust; allusion); Cicero (Cicero; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.6.6 (CSEL 5:368–369; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.6.7CSEL 5:369
motus etiam in Paelignis ortus a Marcellis patre et filio per L. Vettium proditus patefacta Catilinae coniuratione quasi succisa radice compressus est, et de utroque per Bibulum in Paelignis, per Ciceronem in Bruttiis uindicatum est.
A rising also begun among the Paeligni by the Marcelli, father and son, betrayed by Lucius Vettius, was suppressed once Catiline's conspiracy was disclosed, as if its root had been cut; and punishment was taken of both, by Bibulus among the Paeligni and by Cicero among the Bruttii.
Notes and citation
Summary: A related rising among the Paeligni is suppressed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.6.7 (CSEL 5:369; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-6-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 7
6.7.1CSEL 5:369
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCXCIII C. Caesare et L. Bibulo consulibus lege Vatinia Caesari tres prouinciae cum legionibus septem in quinquennium datae Gallia Transalpina et Cisalpina et Illyricus; Galliam Comatam postea senatus adiecit.
In the 693rd year from the founding of the City, in the consulship of Gaius Caesar and Lucius Bibulus, by the Vatinian law three provinces with seven legions were given to Caesar for five years: Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum; the senate afterward added Long-haired Gaul.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar receives his Gallic command.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.1 (CSEL 5:369; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.2CSEL 5:369
Hanc historiam Suetonius Tranquillus plenissime explicuit, cuius nos conpetentes portiunculas decerpsimus.
Suetonius Tranquillus has set out this history most fully; we have picked from him suitable small portions.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius names his source.
- Orosius names Suetonius, but what follows draws on Caesar's own Gallic War (perhaps known to him under Suetonius's name). No extrabiblical id exists for either work.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.2 (CSEL 5:369; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.3CSEL 5:369–370
Heluetiorum animos, fortissimae Gallorum omnium gentis ea uel maxime causa quod perpetuo paene cum Germanis bello altercabantur a quibus Rheno tantum flumine dirimuntur, Orgetorix quidam princeps gentis spe totas inuadendi Gallias in arma accenderat.
A certain Orgetorix, a chief of the nation, in the hope of invading the whole of Gaul, had inflamed to arms the spirits of the Helvetii, the bravest nation of all the Gauls, chiefly for the reason that they were in almost perpetual war with the Germans, from whom they are separated only by the river Rhine.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orgetorix stirs up the Helvetii.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.3 (CSEL 5:369–370; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.4CSEL 5:370
quo ceteri optimates correpto et ad mortem coacto cohibere tamen semel animatas in praedam plebes nequiuerunt. qui coniuratione facta ac die dicta, exustis uicis ac domibus suis, ne quod desiderium ex spe reuertendi foret, profecti sunt.
When he had been arrested and driven to death by the other nobles, they could nevertheless not restrain the common people, once roused for plunder. These, having made a conspiracy and fixed a day, burned their villages and houses, so that there would be no longing from the hope of returning, and set out.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Helvetii burn their homes and migrate.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.4 (CSEL 5:370; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.5CSEL 5:370
quos cum apud Rhodanum flumen obuios Caesar habuisset, magno difficilique bello bis uicit uictosque ad deditionem coegit. horum fuit, cum primum progressa est, omnis multitudo Heluetiorum Tulingorum Latobogiorum Rauracorum et Boiorum utriusque sexus ad centum quinquaginta et septem milia hominum. ex his quadraginta et septem milia in bello ceciderunt, cetera in terras proprias remissa sunt.
When Caesar met them at the river Rhone, he defeated them twice in a great and difficult war and forced them, defeated, to surrender. The whole multitude of these, when it first set out, the Helvetii, Tulingi, Latobogii, Rauraci, and Boii of both sexes, was about a hundred and fifty-seven thousand people. Of these forty-seven thousand fell in war; the rest were sent back to their own lands.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar defeats the Helvetii.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): apud Rhodanum lumen → apud Rhodanum flumen.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.5 (CSEL 5:370; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.6CSEL 5:370
Postea Caesar contra Ariouistum regem excitantem inuehentemque secum incredibiles Germanorum copias, quibus nuper uniuersos Galliarum populos se subegisse iactabat, apud Sequanos uicit, cum diu exercitus Caesaris Germanorum multitudine et uirtute perterritus pugnam detrectasset.
Afterward Caesar defeated among the Sequani King Ariovistus, who was rousing and bringing with him incredible forces of Germans, with which he boasted he had lately subdued all the peoples of Gaul, after Caesar's army, terrified by the multitude and courage of the Germans, had long shrunk from battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar defeats Ariovistus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.6 (CSEL 5:370; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.7CSEL 5:370–371
statim Ariouistus in Germaniam, arrepta nauicula Rhenum transuectus, effugit, uxores eius duae totidemque filiae captae sunt. fuerunt autem in exercitu Ariouisti Arudes Marcomanes Triboci Vangiones Nemetes Eduses et Suebi.
At once Ariovistus fled into Germany, crossing the Rhine in a small boat he seized; his two wives and as many daughters were captured. In the army of Ariovistus were the Harudes, Marcomanni, Triboci, Vangiones, Nemetes, Sedusii, and Suebi.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ariovistus flees across the Rhine.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.7 (CSEL 5:370–371; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.8CSEL 5:371
pugna maxime grauis ex phalange Germanorum fuit, quam coacto in unum agmine scutisque supra capita contextis ad inrumpendam Romanorum aciem tuti undique praestruxerant.
The fighting was most severe from the phalanx of the Germans, which, with their column drawn together into one and their shields joined over their heads, they had built up, safe on every side, to break through the Roman line.
Notes and citation
Summary: The German shield formation.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.8 (CSEL 5:371; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.9CSEL 5:371
sed postquam aliqui Romanorum militum agilitate audaciaque insignes supra obductam saliere testudinem scutisque singillatim uelut squamis reuulsis desuper nudos deprehensorum detectorumque humeros perfoderunt, territi hostes nouo mortis periculo terribilem dissoluere conpagem.
But after some of the Roman soldiers, noted for agility and daring, leaped onto the tortoise covering them and, tearing off the shields one by one like scales, pierced from above the bare shoulders of men caught and exposed, the enemy, terrified by a new danger of death, broke up the fearsome structure.
Notes and citation
Summary: Roman soldiers break the German formation.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.9 (CSEL 5:371; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.10CSEL 5:371
exinde in fugam uersi per quinquaginta milia passuum insatiabiliter caesi sunt neque conici numerus potuit Germanorum uel quantus pugnae adfuerit uel quantus fuerit occisorum.
Then, turned to flight, they were cut down insatiably for fifty miles, and the number of the Germans could not be estimated, either how many were present at the battle or how many were killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The German rout.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.10 (CSEL 5:371; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.11CSEL 5:371
Post haec Belgarum gens, quae tertia pars Galliarum est, aduersus Caesarem exarsit:
After this the nation of the Belgae, which is a third part of Gaul, blazed up against Caesar:
Notes and citation
Summary: The Belgae rise.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.11 (CSEL 5:371; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.12CSEL 5:371–372
quorum distributim copia haec fuit. Bellouagui, qui ceteris numero et uirtute praestare uiderentur, habuere lectissima sexaginta milia armatorum; Suessones ex duodecim oppidis quinquaginta milia;
their forces, people by people, were these. The Bellovaci, who seemed to surpass the rest in numbers and courage, had sixty thousand picked armed men; the Suessiones, from twelve towns, fifty thousand;
Notes and citation
Summary: The forces of the Belgae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.12 (CSEL 5:371–372; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.13CSEL 5:372
Neruii, quorum adeo indomita feritas praedicabatur, ut numquam in id temporis mercatores ad se admiserint uina ceteraque uenalia deferre, quibus inducta iucunditas torporem uirtutis adferret, habuerunt similiter quinquaginta milia;
the Nervii, whose ferocity was said to be so untamed that never up to that time had they admitted merchants to bring them wines and other goods for sale, lest the pleasure introduced should bring sluggishness to their courage, had likewise fifty thousand;
Notes and citation
Summary: The Nervii.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.13 (CSEL 5:372; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.14CSEL 5:372
Atrebates etiam et Ambiani decem milia, Morini uiginti quinque milia, Menapii nouem milia, Caleti decem milia, Velocasses et Veromandi aeque decem milia, Aduatuci decem et octo milia; Condurses Eborones Caerosi Caemani, qui uno nomine Germani uocantur, quadraginta milia.
the Atrebates and Ambiani also ten thousand, the Morini twenty-five thousand, the Menapii nine thousand, the Caleti ten thousand, the Velocasses and Veromandui likewise ten thousand, the Aduatuci eighteen thousand; the Condrusi, Eburones, Caerosi, and Caemani, who are called by one name Germans, forty thousand.
Notes and citation
Summary: Further Belgic contingents.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.14 (CSEL 5:372; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.15CSEL 5:372
ita fuisse referuntur CCLXXII milia armatorum lectissima.
So there are reported to have been two hundred and seventy-two thousand picked armed men.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Belgic total.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.15 (CSEL 5:372; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.7.16CSEL 5:372–373
his repente silua erumpentibus exercitus Caesaris perturbatus atque in fugam actus, plurimis suorum amissis, tandem hortatu ducis restitit uictoresque adgressus usque ad internecionem paene deleuit.
When they suddenly burst out of a wood, Caesar's army was thrown into confusion and put to flight, losing very many of its men, but at last, at the urging of its leader, it stood firm, attacked the victors, and destroyed them almost to annihilation.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar defeats the Belgae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.7.16 (CSEL 5:372–373; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-7-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 8
6.8.1CSEL 5:373
Igitur Caesar magnis in Gallia rebus gestis cum in Italiam proficisci decreuisset, Galbam cum legione duodecima ad Veragros Sedunosque misit.
So Caesar, after great achievements in Gaul, when he had decided to set out for Italy, sent Galba with the twelfth legion to the Veragri and Seduni.
Notes and citation
Summary: Galba is sent to the Alpine tribes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.1 (CSEL 5:373; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.2CSEL 5:373
qui cum hiemandi causa in uico Veragrorum, cui nomen erat Octodurus, consedisset mediamque oppidi partem, quae torrente distinguebatur, accolis concessisset, quadam die eosdem discessisse per noctem ac proximo insedisse colli uidet.
When he had settled for wintering in a village of the Veragri named Octodurus and had given the inhabitants half of the town, which was divided by a torrent, one day he saw that they had left by night and occupied the nearest hill.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Veragri occupy a hill above Galba.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.2 (CSEL 5:373; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.3CSEL 5:373
quippe illi paucitatem uix mediae legionis despectui habentes ultroneam sibi praedam nullo cessuram negotio arbitrabantur finitimosque suos in hanc caedis ac praedae societatem uocauerant.
For they, despising the small numbers of scarcely half a legion, thought that a ready booty would fall to them with no effort and had called their neighbors into this partnership of slaughter and plunder.
Notes and citation
Summary: The tribes plan to destroy the legion.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.3 (CSEL 5:373; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.4CSEL 5:373
igitur Galba tam praesentibus periculis circumsaepto ac trepido atque inter uanas consultationes certi consilii incerto, repente Galli descensu montis effusi castra inperfecta circumdant, raros per uallum propugnatores saxis telisque onerant.
So while Galba was surrounded by such present dangers, alarmed, and uncertain of a sure plan amid vain consultations, suddenly the Gauls poured down the mountain, surrounded the unfinished camp, and overwhelmed the few defenders along the rampart with stones and missiles.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls attack Galba's camp.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.4 (CSEL 5:373; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.5CSEL 5:373–374
cumque iam castra inrumperentur, Pacuuii primipilaris et Voluseni tribuni consilio cuncti Romani portis eruperunt incautosque subito adgressi hostes primum perturbauerunt, deinde in fugam uersos miserabili strage fuderunt. nam amplius triginta milia barbarorum tunc caesa referuntur.
And when the camp was already being broken into, on the advice of Pacuvius, the chief centurion, and Volusenus, the tribune, all the Romans burst out of the gates, suddenly attacked the unwary enemy, first threw them into confusion, and then routed them, turned to flight, with pitiful slaughter. For more than thirty thousand barbarians are reported to have been slain then.
Notes and citation
Summary: Galba's sortie routs the Gauls.
- “Pacuuii” as printed; Caesar names the centurion Baculus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.5 (CSEL 5:373–374; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.6CSEL 5:374
Igitur Caesar cum iam pacatae uniuersas Galliarum gentes putaret, ad nouum et maximum bellum retractus est.
So Caesar, when he thought all the peoples of Gaul were already pacified, was drawn back into a new and very great war.
Notes and citation
Summary: A new war in Gaul.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.6 (CSEL 5:374; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.7CSEL 5:374
namque dum P. Crassus adulescens cum legione septima Oceano tenus apud Andicauos hiemat, Veneti ceterique confines repente in arma coniurant, legatos Romanorum uinciunt eosque ita demum se reddituros, si obsides suos recipiant, Romanis indicant.
For while the young Publius Crassus was wintering with the seventh legion near the Ocean among the Andicavi, the Veneti and their other neighbors suddenly conspired in arms, put the Roman envoys in chains, and informed the Romans that they would return them only if they received back their own hostages.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Veneti revolt and seize Roman envoys.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.7 (CSEL 5:374; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.8CSEL 5:374
socios sibi ad id bellum Osismos Lexouios Namnetes Ambiuaritos Morinos Diablintes et Menapios adsciscunt; auxilia quoque a Britannia arcessunt.
As allies for this war they took the Osismi, Lexovii, Namnetes, Ambivariti, Morini, Diablintes, and Menapii; they also sent for help from Britain.
Notes and citation
Summary: The allies of the Veneti.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.8 (CSEL 5:374; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.9CSEL 5:374
Caesar per Crassum de rebellione dediticiarum gentium certior factus, quamuis intellegeret ineundi belli difficultas esset, tamen rem tanti negotii non neglegendam ratus, ne ceteris exemplo eiusmodi audendi
Caesar, informed by Crassus of the rebellion of the peoples who had surrendered, although he understood the difficulty of entering on the war, nevertheless thought that a matter of such importance must not be neglected, lest the license for daring such things be loosened for the others by the example;
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar resolves to act.
- The Latin “quamuis intellegeret ineundi belli difficultas esset” is ungrammatical as printed; translated by sense.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.9 (CSEL 5:374; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.10CSEL 5:374–375
licentia laxaretur, itaque terrestri proelio persequi hostes frustra adgressus — quippe cum hostes per interfusa ex Oceano aestuaria atque inaccessos recessus tutis terrarum sinibus munirentur — naues longas aedificari in Ligeri fluuio iubet:
and so, having vainly tried to pursue the enemy in a land battle, since the enemy were protected in safe recesses of the land by estuaries flowing in from the Ocean and by inaccessible retreats, he ordered warships to be built on the river Loire:
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar builds a fleet on the Loire.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.10 (CSEL 5:374–375; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.11CSEL 5:375
per quem in Oceanum deductae mox ut hostibus uisae sunt, continuo ducentae uiginti naues eorum paratae atque omni genere armorum instructissimae progressae portu ex aduerso constiterunt.
and as soon as these, brought down by it into the Ocean, were seen by the enemy, at once two hundred and twenty ships of theirs, made ready and fully equipped with every kind of arms, came out of harbor and took position opposite.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Venetic fleet comes out.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.11 (CSEL 5:375; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.12CSEL 5:375
Bruto circumspicienti imparem longe nauium esse conflictum, quia barbarorum naues solido robore intextae cauernisque praeualidis obduratae saxorum modo adactus rostratarum ictus retundebant,
When Brutus saw that the contest of ships would be far unequal, because the barbarians' ships, built of solid oak and hardened with very strong frames, blunted like rocks the blows of the beaked ships driven against them,
Notes and citation
Summary: The Venetic ships are too strong to ram.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): circumspioienti → circumspicienti.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.12 (CSEL 5:375; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.13CSEL 5:375
hoc primum auxilio fuit quod falces acutissimas non pertinaciter contis praefixas funibus autem subnexas parauerat, quibus cum opus esset adprehensos eminus rudentes subductis hastilibus per funem falcem retrahendo succiderent.
this was the first help: he had prepared very sharp hooks, not fixed rigidly to poles but fastened with ropes, with which, when needed, they could catch the rigging from a distance and, drawing back the shafts, cut it by pulling the hook back on the rope.
Notes and citation
Summary: Brutus's hooks.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.13 (CSEL 5:375; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.14CSEL 5:375
his celeriter expeditis disrumpi hostilium antemnarum armamenta praecepit: ita antemnis ruentibus conplures ilico naues uelut captas immobiles reddidit.
When these had quickly been got ready, he ordered the tackle of the enemy's yards to be torn away; so with the yards falling he at once made a number of ships motionless, as if captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: The enemy ships are crippled.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.14 (CSEL 5:375; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.15CSEL 5:375
alii hoc periculo territi, suspensis uelis qua uentus intenderet fugere conati, cessante mox uento destituti ludibrio fuere Romanis;
Others, terrified by this danger, hoisted their sails and tried to flee wherever the wind blew, but soon, left helpless when the wind dropped, they became a sport for the Romans;
Notes and citation
Summary: Becalmed, the rest are taken.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.15 (CSEL 5:375; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.16CSEL 5:375
itaque incensis omnibus nauibus interfectisque his qui pugnauerant Gallis, reliqui sese omnes dediderunt.
so, all the ships having been burned and the Gauls who had fought killed, all the rest surrendered.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Veneti surrender.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.16 (CSEL 5:375; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.17CSEL 5:375–376
sed Caesar maxime ob iniuriam legatorum et ut genti ad omnia consilia mobili terribilis exempli notam inureret, cunctis principibus per tormenta interfectis reliquos sub corona uendidit.
But Caesar, chiefly because of the wrong done to the envoys, and to brand a mark of terrible example on a nation fickle in all its plans, put all the chief men to death by torture and sold the rest at auction.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar punishes the Veneti harshly.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.17 (CSEL 5:375–376; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.18CSEL 5:376
isdem diebus Titurius Sabinus Aulercos Eburouices Lixouiosque, qui primates suos, cur auctores belli resuscitandi esse nollent, interfecerant, eruptione facta incredibili caede deleuit.
In the same days Titurius Sabinus, making a sortie, destroyed with incredible slaughter the Aulerci Eburovices and Lexovii, who had killed their chief men because they would not be authors of renewing the war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sabinus defeats the Aulerci and Lexovii.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.18 (CSEL 5:376; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.19CSEL 5:376
Publius uero Crassus cum in Aquitaniam peruenisset, bello exceptus est. namque Sontiates magno equitatu pedestribusque copiis praeualidis Romanos adorti diu grauiter turbauerunt;
Publius Crassus, on reaching Aquitania, was met with war. For the Sontiates, attacking the Romans with a great cavalry and very strong infantry forces, long threw them into serious confusion;
Notes and citation
Summary: Crassus fights the Sontiates.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Poblius uero → Publius uero.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.19 (CSEL 5:376; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.20CSEL 5:376
post uicti atque in oppidum Sontiatum coacti obsessique, cum se expugnari uiderent, armis traditis in deditionem recepti sunt.
afterward, defeated, driven into the town of the Sontiates and besieged, when they saw themselves being stormed, they handed over their arms and were received in surrender.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Sontiates surrender.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.20 (CSEL 5:376; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.21CSEL 5:376
Aquitani clade permoti undique exercitum contrahunt; de citeriore quoque Hispania auxilia accersunt; duces bello maxime eos praeficiunt, qui cum Sertorio militauerant.
The Aquitani, moved by the disaster, gathered an army from all sides; they sent for help also from Nearer Spain; they put in command for the war chiefly those who had served with Sertorius.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Aquitani gather Spanish help.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.21 (CSEL 5:376; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.22CSEL 5:376–377
ii omnes dum obsidionem Crasso parant, in castris suis Crasso obruente deleti sunt nam ex Aquitanis et Cantabris, quorum quinquaginta milia tunc in auxilium uenerant, triginta et octo milia caesa referuntur.
While all these were preparing a siege for Crassus, they were destroyed in their own camp, Crassus overwhelming them; for of the Aquitani and Cantabrians, fifty thousand of whom had then come as help, thirty-eight thousand are reported slain.
Notes and citation
Summary: Crassus destroys the Aquitani.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.22 (CSEL 5:376–377; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.8.23CSEL 5:377
Caesar Germanos, qui Rhenum cum immensis copiis transmiserant, simul et totas Gallias subicere sibi parabant, bello adortus usque ad internecionem cecidit. quorum fuisse numerum ad quadringenta quadraginta milia ferunt.
Caesar attacked in war the Germans, who had crossed the Rhine with immense forces and were at the same time preparing to subject all Gaul to themselves, and cut them down to annihilation. Their number, they say, was about four hundred and forty thousand.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar destroys the invading Germans.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.8.23 (CSEL 5:377; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-8-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 9
6.9.1CSEL 5:377
Tunc Caesar in Germaniam facto ponte transgreditur, Sugambros et Vbios obsidione liberat; Suebos maximam et ferocissimam gentem, quorum esse centum pagos et populos multi prodidere, totamque Germaniam aduentu suo terret; mox in Galliam rescisso ponte concedit.
Then Caesar, having made a bridge, crossed into Germany, freed the Sugambri and Ubii from siege, terrified by his coming the Suebi, a very great and fierce nation, who many have reported have a hundred districts and peoples, and all Germany; soon he withdrew into Gaul and cut the bridge.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar crosses the Rhine.
- Caesar's own account has the Ubii besieged by the Suebi and the Sugambri as enemies; Orosius compresses.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.9.1 (CSEL 5:377; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.9.2CSEL 5:377
inde ad Morinos uenit, unde in Britanniam proximus et breuissimus transitus est. nauibus circiter onerariis atque actuariis octoginta praeparatis in Britanniam transuehitur. ubi acerba primum pugna fatigatus, deinde, aduersa tempestate correptus plurimam classis partem et non paruum numerum militum, equitum uero paene omnem disperdidit.
From there he came to the Morini, from whom is the nearest and shortest crossing to Britain. Having prepared about eighty transport and swift ships, he crossed over to Britain. There, worn out first by a bitter battle, and then caught by an adverse storm, he lost most of his fleet and no small number of soldiers, and almost all his cavalry.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar's first crossing to Britain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.9.2 (CSEL 5:377; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.9.3CSEL 5:377–378
regressus in Galliam legiones in hiberna dimisit ac sescentas naues utriusque commodi fieri imperauit.
Returning to Gaul, he sent the legions into winter quarters and ordered six hundred ships to be built, suited for both purposes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar builds a new fleet.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.9.3 (CSEL 5:377–378; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.9.4CSEL 5:378
quibus iterum in Britanniam primo uere transuectus dum ipse in hostem cum exercitu pergit, naues in anchoris stantes tempestate correptae uel conlisae inter se uel harenis inlisae ac dissolutae sunt: ex quibus quadraginta perierunt, ceterae cum magna difficultate reparatae sunt.
With these he crossed again into Britain at the beginning of spring; while he himself went against the enemy with the army, the ships lying at anchor were caught by a storm and either dashed against one another or driven onto the sands and broken up; of these forty were lost, and the rest were repaired with great difficulty.
Notes and citation
Summary: A storm wrecks the second fleet.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.9.4 (CSEL 5:378; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.9.5CSEL 5:378
Caesaris equitatus primo congressu a Britannis uictus ibique Labienus tribunus occisus est. secundo proelio cum magno suorum discrimine uictos Britannos in fugam uertit.
Caesar's cavalry was defeated by the Britons in the first encounter, and there Labienus, a tribune, was killed. In a second battle, with great danger to his men, he defeated the Britons and put them to flight.
Notes and citation
Summary: Battles in Britain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.9.5 (CSEL 5:378; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.9.6CSEL 5:378
inde ad flumen Tamsim profectus, quem uno tantum loco uadis transmeabilem ferunt. in huius ulteriore ripa Cassouellauno duce immensa hostium multitudo consederat ripamque fluminis ac paene totum sub aqua uadum acutissimis sudibus praestruxerat.
From there he set out to the river Thames, which they say can be crossed by fords in only one place. On its farther bank an immense multitude of the enemy had settled under the leadership of Cassivellaunus and had fortified the riverbank and almost the whole ford under water with very sharp stakes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Britons hold the Thames.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.9.6 (CSEL 5:378; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.9.7CSEL 5:378
quod ubi a Romanis deprehensum ac uitatum est, barbari legionum impetum non ferentes siluis sese abdidere, unde crebris eruptionibus Romanos grauiter ac saepe lacerabant.
When this was detected and avoided by the Romans, the barbarians, unable to bear the attack of the legions, hid themselves in the woods, from which by frequent sorties they often wounded the Romans badly.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Britons retreat into the woods.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.9.7 (CSEL 5:378; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.9.8CSEL 5:378
interea Trinobantum firmissima ciuitas cum Mandubragio duce datis quadraginta obsidibus Caesari sese dedidit.
Meanwhile the very strong state of the Trinobantes, with its leader Mandubracius, gave forty hostages and surrendered to Caesar.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Trinobantes surrender.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.9.8 (CSEL 5:378; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.9.9CSEL 5:378–379
quod exemplum secutae urbes aliae conplures in foedus Romanorum uenerunt isdemque demonstrantibus Caesar oppidum Cassouellauni inter duas paludes situm, obtentu insuper siluarum munitum omnibusque rebus confertissimum tandem graui pugna cepit.
Following this example several other cities came into treaty with the Romans, and with them pointing the way Caesar at last, after a heavy battle, took the stronghold of Cassivellaunus, situated between two marshes, fortified besides by the cover of woods, and crammed with everything.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar takes Cassivellaunus's stronghold.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.9.9 (CSEL 5:378–379; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-9-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 10
6.10.1CSEL 5:379
Exim Caesar a Britannis reuersus in Galliam postquam legiones in hiberna misit, repentinis bellorum tumultibus undique circumuentus et conflictatus est. namque Ambiorix cum Eburonibus et Aduatucis conspirans, animatus Treuerorum consilio Cottam et Sabinum legatos apud Eburonas cum tota funditus legione insidiis circumuentos interfecit.
Then Caesar, having returned from the Britons to Gaul, after he had sent the legions into winter quarters, was surrounded and harassed on all sides by sudden uprisings of war. For Ambiorix, conspiring with the Eburones and Aduatuci and encouraged by the counsel of the Treveri, surrounded by ambush and killed the legates Cotta and Sabinus among the Eburones with a whole legion, to the last man.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambiorix destroys a legion.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.1 (CSEL 5:379; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.2CSEL 5:379
Ambiorix hac uictoria elatus Aduatucos et Neruios plurimosque alios raptim ad arma contrahit atque ad Ciceronem legatum, qui similiter tunc legioni in hibernis praeerat, contendit.
Ambiorix, elated by this victory, hastily gathered to arms the Aduatuci, the Nervii, and very many others and hurried against Cicero the legate, who likewise was then commanding a legion in winter quarters.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambiorix attacks Cicero's camp.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.2 (CSEL 5:379; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.3CSEL 5:379–380
multitudo hostium ex hoc colligi potuit, quia cum in obsidione castrorum uallum circumdandum esse a captiuis Romanis docerentur et instrumenta ruralia non haberent, gladiis concidendo terram et sagulis exportando uix tribus horis uallum pedum decem et fossam pedum quindecim per milia passuum quindecim in circuitu perfecerunt. praeterea centum uiginti turres mirae altitudinis extruxerunt.
The size of the enemy multitude could be gathered from this: when in the siege of the camp they were taught by Roman captives that a rampart must be built around it, and had no farming tools, cutting the earth with swords and carrying it out in their cloaks, in barely three hours they completed a rampart ten feet high and a ditch fifteen feet deep around a circuit of fifteen miles. Besides, they built a hundred and twenty towers of wonderful height.
Notes and citation
Summary: The besiegers' rapid siege works.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.3 (CSEL 5:379–380; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.4CSEL 5:380
et cum iam septem dies noctesque succidui hostium cunei pugnarent ac uentus subito plurimus exortus esset, testas feruentes intorsere fundis flammataque focis tela ac mox concepto igne rutilantia intra castra iecerunt.
And when the enemy's wedges, relieving one another, had already been fighting for seven days and nights, and a very strong wind had suddenly arisen, they hurled glowing tiles with slings and threw into the camp missiles set alight at hearths and soon glowing red with the fire they had caught.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls hurl fire into the camp.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.4 (CSEL 5:380; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.5CSEL 5:380
quo facto per culmea culmina raptim uentus insistens, sparsum animauit incendium. sed ne sic quidem Romani, cum undique obruerentur, uulneribus laboribus uigiliis ieiuniis incendiisue cesserunt.
When this was done, the wind, pressing swiftly over the straw roofs, fanned the scattered fire. But not even so did the Romans, though overwhelmed on all sides, yield to wounds, toils, sleeplessness, fasting, or fires.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Romans hold out.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.5 (CSEL 5:380; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.6CSEL 5:380
tandem Caesari nuntiatum est unam deletam esse legionem, alteram iam paene confectam.
At last it was reported to Caesar that one legion had been destroyed and another was already almost finished.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar hears of the danger.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.6 (CSEL 5:380; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.7CSEL 5:380
aduentante cum duabus legionibus Caesare, deserunt hostes obsidionem atque in eum cuncti raptis copiis ruunt. Caesar paruissimis se castris consulto condidit equitibusque praemissis, ut fugam fingerent, imperauit, ut ad transitum uallis, quae media erat sibique periculosa uidebatur, hostes contemptu sui inuitaret.
As Caesar approached with two legions, the enemy abandoned the siege and all rushed against him with their forces. Caesar deliberately hid himself in a very small camp and ordered the cavalry sent ahead to feign flight, so as to entice the enemy, by contempt for him, to cross the valley that lay between, which seemed dangerous to him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar lures the enemy across a valley.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): paruissimis se. castris → paruissimis se castris.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.7 (CSEL 5:380; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.8CSEL 5:380
quibus aduentantibus insuper obstrui portas praecepit. quo uiso Galli, quasi iam uicissent, ad obducendum extrinsecus uallum conuersi sunt. Caesar totis repente portis paratum effudit exercitum uersosque in fugam Gallos uastissima caede confecit.
When they approached, he ordered the gates to be blocked besides. Seeing this, the Gauls, as if they had already won, turned to building a rampart around the outside. Caesar suddenly poured out his ready army from all the gates and finished off the Gauls, turned to flight, with enormous slaughter.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar routs the Gauls.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.8 (CSEL 5:380; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.9CSEL 5:380–381
nam sexaginta milia tunc fuisse referuntur, e quibus pauci per paludes inuias euaserunt.
For there are said to have been sixty thousand of them then, of whom few escaped through the trackless marshes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gallic losses.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.9 (CSEL 5:380–381; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.10CSEL 5:381
Indutiomarus Treuerorum princeps, magnas armatorum copias habens, postquam de consensu totius Galliae certior redditus est, Labieni castra legionemque cui is praeerat, quod facile factu arbitrabatur, delere statuit ac deinde Eburonibus Neruiisque coniunctus ad opprimendum Caesarem pergere.
Indutiomarus, chief of the Treveri, having great forces of armed men, after he was informed of the agreement of all Gaul, resolved to destroy the camp of Labienus and the legion he commanded, which he thought easy to do, and then, joined with the Eburones and Nervii, to go on to crush Caesar.
Notes and citation
Summary: Indutiomarus plans to attack Labienus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.10 (CSEL 5:381; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.11CSEL 5:381
Labienus quibus potest artibus simulat timorem atque ita Indutiomarum neglegentiorem cum insultantibus copiis pro uallo oberrantem, repentina eruptione prostrauit.
Labienus by what arts he could feigned fear, and so, when Indutiomarus was wandering carelessly before the rampart with his insulting forces, he struck him down by a sudden sortie.
Notes and citation
Summary: Labienus kills Indutiomarus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.11 (CSEL 5:381; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.12CSEL 5:381
hac uictoria Labieni reliqui Gallorum conatus repressi sunt et Caesar paulo quietior reliqua parte hiemis fuit.
By this victory of Labienus the remaining attempts of the Gauls were checked, and Caesar was a little quieter for the rest of the winter.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gaul is quiet for a time.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.12 (CSEL 5:381; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.13CSEL 5:381
sed intellegens sibi maiora belli superesse negotia, maxime quia plurima parte exercitus amissa aliisque grauiter sauciis ne ad sustinendum quidem sibi idoneus, non dicam ad conprimendum Gallorum impetum uideretur, a Cn. Pompeio proconsule conscribi legiones sibique mitti in auxilium petit: itaque ante exactam hiemem tres ad eum legiones in castra uenerunt.
But understanding that greater tasks of war remained for him, especially since, with the greater part of his army lost and others badly wounded, he seemed not fit even to withstand, not to say to crush, the attack of the Gauls, he asked Gnaeus Pompeius the proconsul to enroll legions and send them to his help; and so before the winter was over three legions came to him in camp.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey sends Caesar three legions.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.13 (CSEL 5:381; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.14CSEL 5:381–382
igitur Caesar, priusquam in unum hostium copiae coirent, ineunte uere adgredi trepidos et opprimere sparsos in suis finibus parat. primum itaque Neruiorum fines diripit, praedam uero, quae copiosissima erat, exercitui permittit.
So Caesar, before the enemy's forces could come together, prepared at the beginning of spring to attack them while alarmed and crush them while scattered in their own territories. First, then, he plundered the territory of the Nervii and gave the booty, which was very plentiful, to the army.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar ravages the Nervii.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.14 (CSEL 5:381–382; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.15CSEL 5:382
deinde Menapios, qui sibi propter inmensas paludes atque inpeditissimas siluas munitissimi uidebantur, tribus agminibus inuadit nimiaque caede uulgo agitata residuos supplices in deditionem recepit.
Then he invaded with three columns the Menapii, who thought themselves very well protected by immense marshes and most impassable woods, and after excessive slaughter carried out on the common people received the rest as suppliants in surrender.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar subdues the Menapii.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): palndes → paludes; residuos sapplices → residuos supplices.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.15 (CSEL 5:382; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.16CSEL 5:382
Labienus sequenti proelio omnes Treuerorum copias interfecit arte in bellum prouocatas, priusquam Germanis aduentantibus iungerentur, et continuo ipsam ciuitatem capit.
Labienus in a following battle killed all the forces of the Treveri, artfully provoked to battle before they could join the Germans who were approaching, and at once took the state itself.
Notes and citation
Summary: Labienus destroys the Treveri.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Cyrillic letter in the digital text): Тreuerorum → Treuerorum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.16 (CSEL 5:382; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.17CSEL 5:382
Caesar ulcisci mortem Sabini et Cottae legatorum uolens, Ambiorigem et Eburones deletae legionis auctores
Caesar, wishing to avenge the death of the legates Sabinus and Cotta, Ambiorix and the Eburones, the authors of the destroyed legion,
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar seeks revenge on Ambiorix.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Cottae legatorum nolens → Cottae legatorum uolens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.17 (CSEL 5:382; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.18CSEL 5:382
postquam in Arduennam siluam refugisse conperit — quae silua totius Galliae maxima est atque a ripis Rheni finibusque Treuerorum ad Neruios usque pertingit et in longitudine plus
after he learned that they had fled back into the Ardennes forest (this forest is the largest in all Gaul and reaches from the banks of the Rhine and the territory of the Treveri as far as the Nervii, and in length extends more
Notes and citation
Summary: The Ardennes forest.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): refagisse → refugisse.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.18 (CSEL 5:382; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.19CSEL 5:382
quam quinquaginta milibus passuum patet — permetiens rem suis maximi periculi fore, si per obstructas spatiosasque siluas ignoti diuiderentur hostemque locis notissimum quaererent, omnem Galliam per nuntios inuitat, ut quique secundum placitum suum reconditas in Arduenna silua praedas quaerant diripiantque.
than fifty miles), reckoning that it would be a matter of the greatest danger for his men if, unacquainted with the place, they were divided through obstructed and wide forests and searched for an enemy who knew the places very well, invited all Gaul through messengers to seek out and plunder, each as he pleased, the booty hidden in the Ardennes forest.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar invites the Gauls to plunder the Eburones.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.19 (CSEL 5:382; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.20CSEL 5:382
quo facto Gallis utrimque morientibus maximas Romanorum iniurias sine cuiusquam Romani discrimine uindicauit.
When this was done, with Gauls dying on both sides, he avenged the very great wrongs done to the Romans without danger to any Roman.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gauls destroy Gauls for Caesar.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.20 (CSEL 5:382; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-20
BibTeX · RIS · CSL-JSON (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-orosius-historiae-6-10-20) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.10.21CSEL 5:382–383
ita hoc tutissimo uincendi genere securus in Italiam rediit.
So, secure by this safest kind of conquering, he returned to Italy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caesar returns to Italy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.10.21 (CSEL 5:382–383; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-10-21
BibTeX · RIS · CSL-JSON (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-orosius-historiae-6-10-21) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).