Seven Books of History against the Pagans 5.20.1–6.1.30
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 5, chapter 20
5.20.1CSEL 5:332
Interea residui senatorum, qui potentiam Cinnae, Marii crudelitatem, insaniam Fimbriae Sertoriique audaciam fuga euaserant, transuecti in Graeciam coegere precibus Sullam, ut periclitanti immo iam paene perditae patriae opem ferret.
Meanwhile the remaining senators, who by flight had escaped the power of Cinna, the cruelty of Marius, the madness of Fimbria, and the daring of Sertorius, crossed over to Greece and by their prayers compelled Sulla to bring help to his homeland, which was in danger, indeed already almost lost.
Notes and citation
Summary: The senators summon Sulla.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.20.1 (CSEL 5:332; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.20.2CSEL 5:332–333
igitur Sulla mox ut Campanum litus attigit, Norbanum consulem proelio oppressit: septem milia tunc Romanorum Romani interfecerant, sex milia eorundem ab isdem capta sunt, centum uiginti et quattuor de Sullana parte ceciderunt.
So Sulla, as soon as he touched the Campanian shore, crushed the consul Norbanus in battle: seven thousand Romans were then killed by Romans, six thousand of the same were captured by the same, and a hundred and twenty-four fell on Sulla's side.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulla defeats Norbanus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.20.2 (CSEL 5:332–333; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.20.3CSEL 5:333
Fabius uero Hadrianus, cui imperium pro praetore erat, regnum Africae seruorum manu adfectans, a dominis eorum apud Vticam congestis sarmentis cum omni familia uiuus incensus est.
Fabius Hadrianus, who held command as propraetor, aiming at the kingship of Africa with a band of slaves, was burned alive with his whole household at Utica by their masters, who piled up brushwood.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fabius Hadrianus is burned at Utica.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Fabias uero → Fabius uero.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.20.3 (CSEL 5:333; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.20.4CSEL 5:333
Damasippus praetor incentore Mario consule Q. Scaeuolam C. Carbonem L. Domitium P. Antistium in curiam quasi ad consultandum uocatos crudelissime occidit. corpora interfectorum per carnifices unco tracta atque in Tiberim missa sunt.
The praetor Damasippus, at the instigation of the consul Marius, most cruelly killed Quintus Scaevola, Gaius Carbo, Lucius Domitius, and Publius Antistius, summoned to the senate house as if for consultation. The bodies of the slain were dragged with a hook by the executioners and thrown into the Tiber.
Notes and citation
Summary: Damasippus murders senators.
- “C. Carbonem” as printed; the victim was Gaius Papirius Carbo Arvina.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.20.4 (CSEL 5:333; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.20.5CSEL 5:333
eodem tempore Sullae duces plurima proelia aduersum Marianas partes infelicissima felicitate gesserunt. nam et Q. Metellus Carrinatis copias cecidit et castra peruasit et Cn. Pompeius Carbonis equitatum grauiter trucidauit.
At the same time Sulla's generals fought very many battles against the Marian party with most unhappy success. For Quintus Metellus cut down the forces of Carrinas and took his camp, and Gnaeus Pompeius severely slaughtered Carbo's cavalry.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulla's generals win battles.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.20.5 (CSEL 5:333; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.20.6CSEL 5:333
Sullae etiam et Marii adulescentis maximum tunc proelium apud Sacriportum fuit, in quo de exercitu Marii caesa sunt xxv milia, sicut Claudius scribit.
There was also then a very great battle of Sulla and the young Marius at Sacriportus, in which twenty-five thousand of Marius's army were slain, as Claudius writes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The battle of Sacriportus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digit in the digital text): adul6scentis → adulescentis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.20.6 (CSEL 5:333; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.20.7CSEL 5:333
Pompeius Carbonem etiam castris exuit fugientemque insecutus, nunc caedendo nunc ad deditionem cogendo plurima exercitus parte priuauit. Metellus Norbani agmen oppressit: ubi nouem milia Marianae partis occisa sunt.
Pompeius also stripped Carbo of his camp and, pursuing him as he fled, deprived him of most of his army, now by slaughter, now by forcing surrender. Metellus crushed Norbanus's column, where nine thousand of the Marian party were killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Defeats of Carbo and Norbanus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): fagientemque → fugientemque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.20.7 (CSEL 5:333; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.20.8CSEL 5:333–334
Lucullus cum a Quintio obsideretur, erupit et repentina pugna obsessorem deleuit exercitum. nam plus quam decem milia ibi tunc caesa referuntur.
Lucullus, when he was besieged by Quintius, broke out and in a sudden battle destroyed the besieging army. For more than ten thousand are reported to have been slain there then.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lucullus breaks a siege.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.20.8 (CSEL 5:333–334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.20.9CSEL 5:334
Sulla deinde cum Camponio Samnitium duce et Carrinatis reliquis copiis ante ipsam Vrbem portamque Collinam ad horam diei nonam signa contulit grauissimoque proelio tandem uicit. octoginta milia hominum ibi fusa dicuntur: duodecim milia sese dediderunt, reliquam multitudinem in fugam uersam insatiabilis uictorum ciuium ira consumpsit.
Then Sulla, with Camponius, leader of the Samnites, and the remaining forces of Carrinas, joined battle before the City itself and the Colline Gate until the ninth hour of the day, and at last won in a very heavy battle. Eighty thousand men are said to have been routed there: twelve thousand surrendered, and the insatiable anger of the victorious citizens consumed the rest of the multitude as it was turned to flight.
Notes and citation
Summary: The battle of the Colline Gate.
- “Camponio” as printed, for Pontius Telesinus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.20.9 (CSEL 5:334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-20-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 21
5.21.1CSEL 5:334
Sulla mox atque Vrbem uictor intrauit, tria milia hominum, qui se per legatos dediderant, contra fas contraque fidem datam inermes securosque interfecit. plurimi tunc quoque, ut non dicam innocentes, sed etiam ipsius Sullanae partis occisi sunt, quos fuisse plus quam nouem milia ferunt. ita liberae per Vrbem caedes, percussoribus passim uagantibus ut quemque uel ira uel praeda sollicitabat, agitabantur.
As soon as Sulla entered the City as victor, he killed three thousand men, who had surrendered through envoys, unarmed and feeling safe, against divine law and against the pledge given. Very many were killed then too, not to say innocent men, but even men of Sulla's own party, who they say were more than nine thousand. So free slaughter went on throughout the City, with assassins wandering everywhere, as anger or booty enticed each one.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulla's massacres in Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): liberae per. Vrbem → liberae per Vrbem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.1 (CSEL 5:334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.2CSEL 5:334–335
igitur cunctis iam quod singuli timebant aperte frementibus Q. Catulus palam Sullae dixit: cum quibus tandem uicturi sumus, si in bello armatos, in pace inermes occidimus?
So when all were now openly murmuring what each individually feared, Quintus Catulus said openly to Sulla: “With whom, then, shall we be victors, if we kill armed men in war and unarmed men in peace?”
Notes and citation
Summary: Catulus rebukes Sulla.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.2 (CSEL 5:334–335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.3CSEL 5:335
tunc Sulla auctore L. Fursidio primipilari primus infamem illam tabulam proscriptionis induxit. prima proscriptio octoginta hominum fuit, in quibus quattuor consulares erant Carbo Marius Norbanus et Scipio et inter eos Sertorius tunc maxime pertimescendus.
Then Sulla, at the suggestion of Lucius Fursidius, a chief centurion, was the first to introduce that infamous proscription list. The first proscription was of eighty men, among whom were four of consular rank, Carbo, Marius, Norbanus, and Scipio, and among them Sertorius, then most to be feared.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulla's first proscription list.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): tunc Bulla auctore → tunc Sulla auctore.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.3 (CSEL 5:335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.4CSEL 5:335
item alia cum quingentis nominibus proposita est, quam cum Lollius, quippe securus nihilque sibi conscius legeret, ubi suum repente nomen offendit, dum se trepidus adoperto capite foro subtrahit, interfectus est.
Likewise another list with five hundred names was posted; when Lollius, feeling safe and conscious of nothing against himself, was reading it, and suddenly came upon his own name, he was killed while he was slipping away from the forum, trembling, with his head covered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lollius finds his name on the list.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): item alia oum → item alia cum; nihilque sibi conscius. legeret → nihilque sibi conscius legeret; adoperto capite. foro → adoperto capite foro.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.4 (CSEL 5:335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.5CSEL 5:335
sed ne in ipsis quidem tabulis fides ac finis malorum uidebatur. namque alios quos proscripserant iugulabant, alios autem postquam iugulauerant proscribebant.
But not even in the lists themselves was there any trust or end of evils to be seen. For some whom they had proscribed they cut down, and others they proscribed after cutting them down.
Notes and citation
Summary: Proscription and murder in any order.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.5 (CSEL 5:335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.6CSEL 5:335
nec ipsius mortis erat uia simplex aut una condicio, ut in nece ciuium saltem ius hostium seruaretur, qui nihil a uictis praeter uitam exigunt. M.
Nor was there a simple way or a single condition of death itself, so that in killing citizens at least the right of enemies might be kept, who demand nothing from the conquered but their life. Marcus
Notes and citation
Summary: The cruelty of the killings.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): erat nia simplex → erat uia simplex.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.6 (CSEL 5:335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.7CSEL 5:335
Manum siquidem de caprili casa extractum uinciri Sulla iussit ductumque trans Tiberim ad Lutatiorum sepulchrum effossis oculis membrisque minutatim desectis uel etiam fractis trucidari. post hunc P.
Marius, for instance, dragged from a goat shed, Sulla ordered bound and led across the Tiber to the tomb of the Lutatii and there slaughtered, his eyes dug out and his limbs cut off piece by piece or even broken. After him Publius
Notes and citation
Summary: The torture of Marcus Marius.
- “M. Manum” as printed across 5.21.6–7, for Marcus Marius (Gratidianus).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.7 (CSEL 5:335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.8CSEL 5:335–336
Laetorius senator et Venuleius triumuir occisi. M. Marii caput Praeneste missum: quo uiso C. Marius ultima desperatione correptus, ubi a Lucretio obsidebatur, ne in manus incideret inimicorum, cum Telesino mutua morte concurrit.
Laetorius, a senator, and Venuleius, a triumvir, were killed. The head of Marcus Marius was sent to Praeneste; on seeing it, Gaius Marius, seized by final despair, where he was besieged by Lucretius, so as not to fall into the hands of his enemies, ran against Telesinus in a mutual death.
Notes and citation
Summary: The younger Marius and Telesinus seek death together.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): ultima. desperatione → ultima desperatione.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.8 (CSEL 5:335–336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.9CSEL 5:336
dumque uiolentius ipse in concurrentem manus adigit, circa suum uulnus manum percutientis hebetauit. ita eo interfecto, ipse leuiter uulneratus ceruices seruo suo praebuit.
And while he himself drove his hands more violently against his opponent, he blunted the hand of the one striking him around his own wound. So, having killed Telesinus, he himself, lightly wounded, offered his neck to his slave.
Notes and citation
Summary: The younger Marius dies by his slave's hand.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): coruices seruo → ceruices seruo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.9 (CSEL 5:336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.10CSEL 5:336
Carrinatem praetorem Sulla iugulauit. inde Praeneste profectus omnes Marianae militiae principes, hoc est legatos quaestores praefectos et tribunos iussit occidi.
Sulla cut the throat of the praetor Carrinas. Then, setting out for Praeneste, he ordered all the leaders of the Marian army, that is, the legates, quaestors, prefects, and tribunes, to be killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulla kills the Marian officers.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.10 (CSEL 5:336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.11CSEL 5:336
Pompeius Carbonem a Cossura insula in Aegyptum fugere conantem, in Siciliam ad se retractum conpluresque cum eo socios eius occidit.
Pompeius, when Carbo was trying to flee from the island of Cossura to Egypt, had him brought back to himself in Sicily and killed him with a number of his associates.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey kills Carbo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.11 (CSEL 5:336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.12CSEL 5:336
Sulla dictator creatus est, ut dominationis et crudelitatis libido honesti praecipuique nominis reuerentia et armaretur et uelaretur.
Sulla was made dictator, so that his lust for domination and cruelty might be both armed and veiled by the reverence of an honorable and distinguished title.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulla becomes dictator.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.12 (CSEL 5:336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.13CSEL 5:336
Pompeius in Africam transgressus eruptione circa Vticam facta decem et octo milia hominum interfecit. quo bello Domitius dux Marianus dum inter primores pugnat, occisus est.
Pompeius, crossing over into Africa, made a sortie near Utica and killed eighteen thousand men. In that war Domitius, the Marian leader, was killed while fighting among the foremost.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey in Africa.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Pompeius m Africam → Pompeius in Africam; eruptione curca Vticam → eruptione circa Vticam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.13 (CSEL 5:336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.21.14CSEL 5:336–337
idemque Pompeius Hiertam Numidiae regem persecutus, fugientemque a Bogude Bocchi Maurorum regis filio spoliari omnibus copiis fecit: quem continuo Bullam reuersum tradito sibi oppido interfecit.
And the same Pompeius pursued Hiarbas, king of Numidia, and had him, as he fled, stripped of all his forces by Bogud, son of Bocchus, king of the Moors; when Hiarbas returned to Bulla and the town was handed over to Pompeius, he at once killed him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey defeats Hiarbas.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): persecutes → persecutus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.21.14 (CSEL 5:336–337; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-21-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 22
5.22.1CSEL 5:337
Creatis itaque P. Seruilio et Appio Claudio consulibus uisus est tandem Sulla priuatus.
So when Publius Servilius and Appius Claudius had been made consuls, Sulla was at last seen as a private citizen.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulla lays down power.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.1 (CSEL 5:337; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.2CSEL 5:337
hoc fine conclusa sunt duo bella funestissima, sociale Italicum et ciuile Sullanum. haec per annos decem tracta plus quam centum quinquaginta milia Romanorum consumpserunt;
With this end two most deadly wars were concluded, the Italian war with the allies and the civil war of Sulla. These, dragged out over ten years, consumed more than a hundred and fifty thousand Romans;
Notes and citation
Summary: The cost of the Social and Sullan wars.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): per annos decern → per annos decem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.2 (CSEL 5:337; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.3CSEL 5:337
tantumque lectissimorum uirorum uernaculorumque militum Roma hoc ciuili bello perdidit, quantum in ea superiore tempore, cum se iam aduersum Alexandrum Magnum circumspiceret, in discretis aetatibus census inuenit;
and in this civil war Rome lost as many of her choicest men and home-born soldiers as the census had found in her, counted by separate ages, in an earlier time when she was already looking around against Alexander the Great;
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome lost as many men as her whole earlier census.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): leetissimorum → lectissimorum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.3 (CSEL 5:337; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.4CSEL 5:337
praeterea uiros consulares uiginti et quattuor, praetorios sex, aedilicios sexaginta, senatores fere ducentos, absque innumeris totius Italiae populis, qui passim sine consideratione deleti sunt, quos neget quisquam, si ualet, quin eodem damno suo uicerit Roma quo amisit Italia.
besides twenty-four men of consular rank, six of praetorian rank, sixty of aedilician rank, and about two hundred senators, apart from countless peoples of all Italy, who were destroyed everywhere without consideration; and let anyone deny, if he can, that Rome conquered at the same loss to herself at which Italy lost.
Notes and citation
Summary: The roll of the dead.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray comma): amisit Italia., → amisit Italia..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.4 (CSEL 5:337; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.5CSEL 5:337
Pro pudor! num quidnam et hic conparatione ambigua egent tempora? immo uel maxime, inquiunt: nam quid tam apte quam bellis ciuilibus bella ciuilia conparantur? an forte dicetur, etiam in his temporibus bella ciuilia non fuisse?
For shame! Do the times need doubtful comparison here too? Indeed, very much so, they say: for what can more fittingly be compared with civil wars than civil wars? Or will it perhaps be said that there were no civil wars even in these times of ours?
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans compare civil wars then and now.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.5 (CSEL 5:337; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.6CSEL 5:337–338
quibus a nobis respondebitur, iustius quidem socialia uocari oportere, sed nobis proficere, si ciuilia nominentur. cum enim causis uocabulis ac studiis paria docentur omnia tum sibi in his tanto plus uindicat reuerentia Christianae religionis quanto minus praesumpserit potestas irata uictoris.
To them we shall answer that they ought more rightly to be called wars with allies, but that it is to our advantage if they are called civil. For when everything is shown to be equal in causes, names, and passions, then the reverence of the Christian religion claims for itself in these the more, the less the angry power of the victor presumed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christian times show restraint in civil war.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): uindioat → uindicat.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.6 (CSEL 5:337–338; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.7CSEL 5:338
nam cum plerumque improbi tyranni temere inuadentes rempublicam usurpatoque regio statu Romani imperii corpus abruperint atque ex eo bella uel per se iniusta inportarint uel in se iusta commouerint, Britannis Gallisque et creati populis et instructi:
For since for the most part wicked tyrants, rashly invading the commonwealth and usurping royal standing, have torn apart the body of the Roman empire, and from this have either brought in wars that were unjust in themselves or stirred up just wars against themselves, being both created and equipped by the Britons and Gauls:
Notes and citation
Summary: Recent wars were made by usurpers raised in Britain and Gaul.
- Orosius has in mind the usurpers of his own day, e.g. Maximus and Constantine III, raised in Britain and Gaul.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.7 (CSEL 5:338; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.8CSEL 5:338
haec bella, quantum externis proxima tantum longinqua ciuilibus, quid nisi socialia iure uocitentur, cum ipsi Romani ne Sertorii quidem aut Perpennae aut Crixi aut Spartaci bella ciuilia uspiam nominarint?
what should these wars, as near to foreign wars as they are remote from civil ones, rightly be called but wars with allies, since the Romans themselves nowhere called even the wars of Sertorius, Perpenna, Crixus, or Spartacus civil?
Notes and citation
Summary: Such wars are not properly civil.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): longinqua cinilibus → longinqua ciuilibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.8 (CSEL 5:338; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.9CSEL 5:338
in tali ergo uel defectu uel perduellione sociorum minore nunc utique inuidia laboraret, si fortassis exsisteret uel grauis pugna uel cruenta uictoria.
In such a defection or treason of allies, then, there would surely now be less reproach to bear, even if perhaps a severe battle or a bloody victory occurred.
Notes and citation
Summary: Even severe fighting against rebels would deserve less blame.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.9 (CSEL 5:338; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.10CSEL 5:338
uerumtamen cum in hisce temporibus omnia plus necessitatis adferant et minus pudoris, hoc est causa pugna uictoria, uel pro extinguenda insolentia tyrannorum uel pro cohibendo sociorum defectu uel pro inurendo ultionis exemplo:
Nevertheless, since in these times everything, that is, cause, battle, and victory, brings more of necessity and less of shame, whether for extinguishing the insolence of tyrants, or for checking the defection of allies, or for branding an example of punishment:
Notes and citation
Summary: Present wars are driven by necessity.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.10 (CSEL 5:338; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.11CSEL 5:338
cui tandem dubium est, quanto nunc mitius quantoque clementius excitata, ut dicunt, bella ciuilia geruntur, immo reprimuntur potius quam geruntur?
who can doubt how much more mildly and how much more mercifully civil wars, as they call them, once stirred up, are waged now, or rather are suppressed rather than waged?
Notes and citation
Summary: Civil wars are now waged more mercifully.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.11 (CSEL 5:338; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.12CSEL 5:338
quis enim unum ciuile bellum per decem annos his temporibus agitatum audierit? quis uno bello centum quinquaginta milia hominum, uel hostium ab hostibus, ut non dicam ciuium a ciuium, caesa meminerit?
For who has heard of one civil war waged for ten years in these times? Who remembers a hundred and fifty thousand men slain in one war, even of enemies by enemies, not to say of citizens by citizens?
Notes and citation
Summary: Nothing like the Sullan slaughter happens now.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): quia enim unum → quis enim unum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.12 (CSEL 5:338; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.13CSEL 5:338–339
quis illam, quam explicare longum est, optimorum atque inlustrium uirorum multitudinem trucidari in pace cognorit? postremo quis illas infames interficiendorum tabulas timuerit legerit senserit?
Who has known of that multitude of the best and most illustrious men, which it would take long to set out, being butchered in peace? Finally, who has feared, read, or felt those infamous lists of men to be killed?
Notes and citation
Summary: No proscriptions in Christian times.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.13 (CSEL 5:338–339; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.14CSEL 5:339
ac non potius omnibus notum sit, una cunctos pace compositos atque eadem salute securos uictos uictoresque pariter communi exultasse laetitia, at etiam in tantis totius imperii Romani prouinciis urbibus ac populis uix paucos aliquando extitisse, quos iusta ultio inuito etiam uictore damnarit?
And is it not rather known to all that all, settled in one peace and secure in the same safety, vanquished and victors alike, have rejoiced with common gladness, and that even in the many provinces, cities, and peoples of the whole Roman empire there have scarcely ever been a few whom just punishment condemned, even against the victor's will?
Notes and citation
Summary: Victors and vanquished now rejoice together.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.14 (CSEL 5:339; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.15CSEL 5:339
et, ut uerbis uerba non onerem, non temere dixerim, tantam uel in bello saltim extinctam modo fuisse gregariorum militum manum quanta tunc caesa est in pace nobilium.
And, not to pile words on words, I would not rashly say that as large a band of common soldiers has been destroyed recently even in war as was then slain of nobles in peace.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fewer soldiers die in war now than nobles then in peace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.15 (CSEL 5:339; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.16CSEL 5:339
Igitur Sulla mortuo Lepidus, Marianae partis adsertor, aduersus Catulum Sullanum ducem surgens, rediuiuos bellorum ciuilium cineres suscitauit. bis tunc acie certatum est; plurimi Romanorum, iam ipsa paucitate miserorum et adhuc illo furore insanientium, caesi sunt.
So when Sulla was dead, Lepidus, champion of the Marian party, rising against Catulus, Sulla's general, stirred up the reviving ashes of the civil wars. Battle was fought twice in the field then; very many Romans were slain, already wretched in their very fewness and still raving with that madness.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lepidus renews civil war after Sulla's death.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): Igitur Bulla mortuo Lepidas → Igitur Sulla mortuo Lepidus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.16 (CSEL 5:339; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.17CSEL 5:339
Albanorum ciuitas, obsidione oppugnata atque excruciata fame ultima, miserabilium reliquiarum deditione seruata est; ubi tunc Scipio, Lepidi filius, captus atque occisus est. Brutus in cisalpinam Galliam fugiens persequente Pompeio apud Regium interfectus est.
The city of the Albans, attacked by siege and tormented by extreme hunger, was saved by the surrender of its pitiful remnants; there Scipio, son of Lepidus, was then captured and killed. Brutus, fleeing into Cisalpine Gaul with Pompeius pursuing, was killed at Regium.
Notes and citation
Summary: The end of Lepidus's revolt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.17 (CSEL 5:339; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.22.18CSEL 5:339–340
ita hoc bellum ciuile non magis dementia Catuli quam taedio Sullanae crudelitatis, ut ignis in stipula, eadem celeritate qua exarsit euanuit.
So this civil war, less from Catulus's madness than from weariness with Sulla's cruelty, like fire in stubble, died out with the same speed with which it blazed up.
Notes and citation
Summary: The war burns out quickly.
- “dementia Catuli” as printed; the sense requires Lepidus (or “clementia,” mercy, of Catulus).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.22.18 (CSEL 5:339–340; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-22-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 23
5.23.1CSEL 5:340
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCLXXIII sonantibus undique bellorum fragoribus, quorum unum in Hispania erat, aliud in Pamphylia, in Macedonia tertium, quartum in Delmatia, exsanguis adhuc atque exhausta intestina pernicie tamquam febribus Romana respublica propulsare armis Occidentis Septentrionisque fortissimas gentes cogebatur.
In the 673rd year from the founding of the City, with the crash of wars resounding on all sides, one in Spain, another in Pamphylia, a third in Macedonia, a fourth in Dalmatia, the Roman commonwealth, still bloodless and exhausted by internal ruin as by fevers, was forced to drive back with arms the strongest peoples of the West and North.
Notes and citation
Summary: Wars on four fronts.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.1 (CSEL 5:340; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.2CSEL 5:340
Sertorius siquidem, uir dolo atque audacia potens, cum partium Marianarum fuisset, Sullam fugiens ex Africa dilapsus in Hispanias, bellicosissimas gentes in arma excitauit.
For Sertorius, a man strong in guile and daring, since he had been of the Marian party, fleeing Sulla, slipped away from Africa into the Spains and roused the most warlike peoples to arms.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sertorius raises Spain.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; doubled comma): Sertorius aiquidem → Sertorius siquidem; in Hispanias,, → in Hispanias,.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.2 (CSEL 5:340; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.3CSEL 5:340
aduorsus hanc, ut breuiter definiam, duo duces missi Metellus et Domitius: quorum Domitius ab Hirtuleio Sertorii duce cum exercitu oppressus est.
Against this people, to put it briefly, two generals were sent, Metellus and Domitius; of these Domitius was crushed with his army by Hirtuleius, Sertorius's general.
Notes and citation
Summary: Domitius is defeated by Hirtuleius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.3 (CSEL 5:340; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.4CSEL 5:340–341
Manlius, proconsule Galliae in Hispaniam cum tribus legionibus et mille quingentis equitibus transgressus, iniquam cum Hirtuleio pugnam conseruit: a quo castris copiisque nudatus, in oppidum Ilerdam paene solus refugit.
Manlius, proconsul of Gaul, crossing into Spain with three legions and fifteen hundred cavalry, joined an unequal battle with Hirtuleius; stripped by him of camp and forces, he fled almost alone into the town of Ilerda.
Notes and citation
Summary: Manlius is defeated.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.4 (CSEL 5:340–341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.5CSEL 5:341
Metellus multis proeliis fatigatus, per deuia oberrans, hostem mora fatigabat, donec Pompei castris consociaretur.
Metellus, worn out by many battles, wandering through trackless places, wearied the enemy by delay until he could join the camp of Pompeius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Metellus delays.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): fatisatus → fatigatus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.5 (CSEL 5:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.6CSEL 5:341
Pompeius contracto apud Palantiam exercitu Lauronem ciuitatem, quam tunc Sertorius oppugnabat, frustra conatus defendere uictus aufugit.
Pompeius, having gathered an army at Pallantia, vainly tried to defend the city of Lauro, which Sertorius was then besieging, and fled defeated.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompey fails at Lauro.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.6 (CSEL 5:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.7CSEL 5:341
Sertorius superato fugatoque Pompeio Lauronem captam cruentissime depopulatus est; reliquum agmen Lauronensium, quod caedibus superfuerat, miserabili in Lusitaniam captiuitate traduxit.
Sertorius, having overcome and routed Pompeius, took Lauro and laid it waste most bloodily; the remaining column of the people of Lauro, which had survived the slaughter, he carried off to Lusitania in pitiful captivity.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sertorius sacks Lauro.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): saperfuerat → superfuerat.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.7 (CSEL 5:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.8CSEL 5:341
Pompeium autem, hoc est illum Romanorum ducem, a se uictum fuisse gloriatus est, quem magna praeditum fiducia ad hoc bellum non pro consule sed pro consulibus Roma misisset.
He boasted that Pompeius, that is, the famous general of the Romans, had been conquered by him, whom Rome, full of great confidence, had sent to this war not as proconsul but in place of the consuls.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sertorius boasts of defeating Pompey.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (capital letter inside a word in the digital text): ilIum → illum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.8 (CSEL 5:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.9CSEL 5:341
fuisse tunc Pompeio triginta milia peditum, mille equites Galba scribit, Sertorium autem sexaginta milia peditum, octo milia equitum habuisse commemorat.
Galba writes that Pompeius then had thirty thousand infantry and a thousand cavalry, and records that Sertorius had sixty thousand infantry and eight thousand cavalry.
Notes and citation
Summary: The numbers of the armies.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): fuisse tnnc → fuisse tunc.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.9 (CSEL 5:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.10CSEL 5:341
postea uero Hirtuleius cum Metello congressus apud Italicam Baeticae urbem uiginti milia militum perdidit uictusque in Lusitaniam cum paucis refugit.
Afterward Hirtuleius, engaging Metellus near Italica, a city of Baetica, lost twenty thousand soldiers and, defeated, fled into Lusitania with a few men.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hirtuleius is defeated at Italica.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): postea nero → postea uero.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.10 (CSEL 5:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.11CSEL 5:341–342
Pompeius Belgidam, nobilem Celtiberiae urbem, cepit. Sertorius deinde cum Pompeio congressus decem milia militum eius interfecit; ex alio cornu uincente Pompeio tantundem paene ipse perdidit.
Pompeius took Belgida, a noted city of Celtiberia. Then Sertorius, engaging Pompeius, killed ten thousand of his soldiers; with Pompeius winning on the other wing, he himself lost almost as many.
Notes and citation
Summary: An indecisive battle of Pompey and Sertorius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.11 (CSEL 5:341–342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.12CSEL 5:342
multa inter eos praeterea proelia gesta sunt. Memmius, quaestor Pompei idemque uir sororis eius, occisus est. Hirtulei fratres interfecti. Perpenna, qui se Sertorio iunxerat, comminutus est.
Many battles besides were fought between them. Memmius, Pompeius's quaestor and also his sister's husband, was killed. The brothers Hirtuleius were slain. Perpenna, who had joined Sertorius, was crushed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Further battles.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.12 (CSEL 5:342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.13CSEL 5:342
postremo ipse Sertorius decimo demum anno belli inchoati isdem quibus et Viriatus suorum dolis interfectus finem bello fecit Romanisque uictoriam sine gloria dedit; quamuis Perpennam postea pars exercitus eius secuta sit: qui a Pompeio uictus cum uniuerso exercitu suo interfectus est.
Finally Sertorius himself, in the tenth year after the war began, was killed by the treachery of his own men, as Viriathus had been, and ended the war, giving the Romans a victory without glory; although part of his army afterward followed Perpenna, who, defeated by Pompeius, was killed with his whole army.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sertorius is murdered by his own men.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.13 (CSEL 5:342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.14CSEL 5:342
ciuitatibus uero cunctis ultro ac sine mora per deditionem receptis, duae tantum restiterunt, hoc est Vxama et Calagurris: quarum Vxamam Pompeius euertit, Calagurrim Afranius iugi obsidione confectam atque ad infames escas miseranda inopia coactam ultima caede incendioque deleuit.
When all the cities had been received in surrender voluntarily and without delay, only two resisted, that is, Uxama and Calagurris; of these Pompeius overthrew Uxama, and Afranius, after wearing down Calagurris by continuous siege and driving it by pitiful want to infamous food, destroyed it with final slaughter and fire.
Notes and citation
Summary: Uxama and Calagurris are destroyed.
- “Infamous food”: the besieged were reduced to cannibalism.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): ciuitatibus nero → ciuitatibus uero; confectam atque. ad → confectam atque ad.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.14 (CSEL 5:342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.15CSEL 5:342
percussores Sertorii praemium ne petendum quidem a Romanis esse duxerunt, quippe qui meminissent antea Viriati percussoribus denegatum.
The assassins of Sertorius thought that a reward should not even be asked of the Romans, since they remembered that it had been refused earlier to the assassins of Viriathus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sertorius's murderers seek no reward.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.15 (CSEL 5:342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.16CSEL 5:342–343
Et quamuis nullo tunc praemio patrauerint Romanam securitatem, tamen fortis fide ac uiribus semper Hispania cum optimos inuictissimos reges reipublicae dederit, nullum umquam tyrannorum ab initio usque in hodiernum diem uel de se editum misit uel in se extrinsecus incurrentem uiuum potentemue dimisit.
And although they then secured Roman safety without any reward, yet Spain, always strong in faith and strength, while she has given the commonwealth the best and most unconquered rulers, has never from the beginning to the present day sent forth any tyrant produced from herself, or let one who invaded her from outside go away alive or powerful.
Notes and citation
Summary: Spain has produced good emperors and no usurpers.
- Orosius, himself a Spaniard, alludes to Trajan, Hadrian, and Theodosius, and to the usurpers defeated in Spain.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Et quamnis → Et quamuis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.16 (CSEL 5:342–343; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.17CSEL 5:343
Interea Macedonicum bellum Claudius sortitus uarias gentes, quae Rhodopaeis montibus circumfusae sunt ac tunc Macedoniam crudelissime populabantur —
Meanwhile Claudius, having been allotted the Macedonian war, the various peoples who live around the Rhodope mountains and were then most cruelly plundering Macedonia (
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudius is sent against the Thracian peoples.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.17 (CSEL 5:343; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.18CSEL 5:343
nam inter cetera dictu audituque horrida quae in captiuos agebant, raptis, cum poculo opus esset, humanorum capitum ossibus cruentis capillatisque adhuc ac per interiores cauernas male effosso cerebro oblitis auide ac sine horrore tamquam ueris poculis utebantur: quarum cruentissimi atque immanissimi Scordisci erant —
for among other things horrible to tell and hear which they did to captives, when they needed a cup, they seized the bones of human heads, still bloody and hairy and smeared with brain badly dug out of the inner cavities, and used them greedily and without horror as if they were real cups; of these peoples the bloodiest and most savage were the Scordisci)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Scordisci drink from skulls.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.18 (CSEL 5:343; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.19CSEL 5:343
has itaque, ut dixi, Claudius pellere Macedoniae finibus bello adtemptauit magnisque se malorum molibus obiecit: unde cum animo aeger et curis circumsaeptus, morbo insuper correptus esset, interiit.
these peoples, then, as I said, Claudius tried by war to drive from the borders of Macedonia and exposed himself to great masses of evils; from this, sick at heart and beset with cares, and seized by disease besides, he died.
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudius dies on campaign.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.19 (CSEL 5:343; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.20CSEL 5:343
huius successor Scribonius adtemptatarum superiore bello gentium uim declinans, in Dardaniam arma conuertit eamque superauit.
His successor Scribonius, avoiding the strength of the peoples attacked in the earlier war, turned his arms against Dardania and conquered it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scribonius conquers Dardania.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.20 (CSEL 5:343; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.21CSEL 5:343
Publius uero Seruilius exconsule Ciliciam et Pamphyliam crudelissime adortus dum subdere studet, paene deleuit. Lyciam et urbes eius obsessas oppressasque cepit.
Publius Servilius, ex-consul, most cruelly attacked Cilicia and Pamphylia and, while striving to subdue them, almost destroyed them. He besieged, overwhelmed, and took Lycia and its cities.
Notes and citation
Summary: Servilius in Cilicia and Lycia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.21 (CSEL 5:343; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.22CSEL 5:343–344
praeterea Olympum montem peruagatus Phasidem euertit, Corycum diruit, Tauri quoque montis latera in Ciliciam uergentia perscrutatus Isauros bello fractos in dicionem redegit; primus Romanorum per Taurum duxit exercitum ac limitem itineris fecit. triennio emenso, quo bellum gestum est, Isaurici
Moreover, ranging over Mount Olympus, he overthrew Phaselis, destroyed Corycus, and, searching out also the slopes of Mount Taurus that face Cilicia, broke the Isaurians in war and brought them under rule; he was the first of the Romans to lead an army through the Taurus and made a road there. When the three years in which the war was waged had passed, he took the name of Isauricus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Servilius earns the name Isauricus.
- “Phasidem” as printed for Phaselis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.22 (CSEL 5:343–344; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.23.23CSEL 5:344
nomen adsumpsit Cosconius proconsule sortitus Illyricum, protrita subactaque Delmatia Salonas, urbem florentissimam, post biennium tandem expugnauit et cepit.
Cosconius, as proconsul, allotted Illyricum, wore down and subdued Dalmatia and after two years at last stormed and took Salonae, a most flourishing city.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cosconius takes Salonae.
- The first two words (“nomen adsumpsit”) complete the sentence of 5.23.22 and are translated there.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.23.23 (CSEL 5:344; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-23-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 24
5.24.1CSEL 5:344
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCLXXVIIII Lucullo et Cassio consulibus gladiatores septuaginta et quattuor Capuae a ludo Cn. Lentuli diffugerunt: qui continuo ducibus Crixo et Oenomao Gallis et Spartaco Thrace Vesuuium montem occupauerunt; unde erumpentes Clodii praetoris, qui eos obsidione cinxerat, castra expugnarunt, ipsoque in fugam acto cuncta in praedam auerterunt.
In the 679th year from the founding of the City, in the consulship of Lucullus and Cassius, seventy-four gladiators escaped at Capua from the school of Gnaeus Lentulus; at once, under the leadership of Crixus and Oenomaus, Gauls, and Spartacus, a Thracian, they seized Mount Vesuvius; breaking out from there, they stormed the camp of the praetor Clodius, who had surrounded them in a siege, and having put him to flight they turned everything into booty.
Notes and citation
Summary: Spartacus's revolt begins.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips): Anno ab Yrbe condita DCLXXVIIII Lucullo et Cassio consnlibus → Anno ab Vrbe condita DCLXXVIIII Lucullo et Cassio consulibus; a lude Cn. → a ludo Cn..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.1 (CSEL 5:344; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.2CSEL 5:344
inde per Consentiam et Metapontum circumducti, ingentia breui agmina collegerunt. nam Crixo decem milium multitudo, Spartaco autem triplex tunc numerus fuisse refertur. Oenomaus enim iam in superiore bello fuerat occisus.
From there, going round by Consentia and Metapontum, they soon gathered huge columns. For Crixus is reported to have had a multitude of ten thousand, and Spartacus then three times that number. For Oenomaus had already been killed in an earlier battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: The rebel bands grow.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.2 (CSEL 5:344; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.3CSEL 5:344–345
itaque cum caedibus incendiis rapinis stuprisque omnia miscerent, in exsequiis captiuae matronae, quae se dolore uiolati pudoris necauerat, munus gladiatorium ex quadringentis captiuis scilicet qui spectandi fuerant spectaturi, utpote lanistae gladiatorum potius quam militum principes, ediderunt.
So while they threw everything into confusion with slaughter, burning, robbery, and rapes, at the funeral of a captive matron who had killed herself in grief at her violated chastity, they gave a gladiatorial show with four hundred captives, men, that is, who had been meant to be spectators and were now to be the spectacle, as being trainers of gladiators rather than leaders of soldiers.
Notes and citation
Summary: The rebels force captives to fight as gladiators.
- The Latin plays on spectandi/spectaturi: those who would have watched are made to be watched.
Topics: Games, shows, and the theatre
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.3 (CSEL 5:344–345; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.4CSEL 5:345
deinde consules Gellius et Lentulus aduersum eos cum exercitu missi, quorum Gellius Crixum acerrime pugnantem proelio oppressit, Lentulus a Spartaco superatus aufugit. post etiam conlatis frustra ambo consules copiis, accepta graui clade, fugerunt. dehinc C. Cassium proconsulem idem Spartacus oppressum bello interfecit.
Then the consuls Gellius and Lentulus were sent against them with an army; of them Gellius crushed Crixus in battle while he fought most fiercely, and Lentulus, overcome by Spartacus, fled. Afterward too both consuls joined their forces in vain and, suffering a heavy defeat, fled. Then the same Spartacus crushed the proconsul Gaius Cassius in battle and killed him.
Notes and citation
Summary: The consuls are defeated by Spartacus.
- Cassius was in fact defeated but not killed; Orosius reports it so.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): deinde consnles → deinde consules.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.4 (CSEL 5:345; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.5CSEL 5:345
itaque exterrita Ciuitate non minore propemodum metu, quam sub Hannibale circa portas fremente trepidauerat, senatus Crassum cum legionibus consulum nouoque supplemento militum misit.
So, with the City terrified with almost no less fear than it had trembled with when Hannibal raged around the gates, the senate sent Crassus with the consuls' legions and a new supplement of soldiers.
Notes and citation
Summary: Crassus is sent against Spartacus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (split word): supplemen to → supplemento.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.5 (CSEL 5:345; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.6CSEL 5:345
is mox ut fugitiuorum pugnam iniit, sex milia eorum interfecit, nongentos uero cepit. inde priusquam ipsum Spartacum ad caput Silari fluminis castra metantem bello adgrederetur, Gallos auxiliatores eius Germanosque superauit, e quibus xxx milia hominum cum ipsis ducibus occidit.
As soon as he engaged the runaways in battle, he killed six thousand of them and captured nine hundred. Then, before attacking Spartacus himself in war, as he was pitching camp at the source of the river Silarus, he overcame his Gallic and German auxiliaries, of whom he killed thirty thousand men with their leaders.
Notes and citation
Summary: Crassus defeats Spartacus's allies.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sex milla → sex milia; Spartaoum → Spartacum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.6 (CSEL 5:345; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.7CSEL 5:345–346
nouissime ipsum Spartacum disposita acie congressum maximasque cum eo fugitiuorum copias perculit. nam sexaginta milia eorum caesa, sex milia capta referuntur, tria milia ciuium Romanorum recepta sunt.
Finally he engaged Spartacus himself with his battle line drawn up and struck down with him very great forces of the runaways. For sixty thousand of them are reported slain, six thousand captured, and three thousand Roman citizens were recovered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Spartacus is defeated.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.7 (CSEL 5:345–346; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.8CSEL 5:346
ceteri, qui ex hoc bello lapsi oberrabant, per conplures duces frequenti indagine attriti sunt.
The rest, who had slipped away from this war and were wandering about, were worn down by a number of generals in frequent hunts.
Notes and citation
Summary: The survivors are hunted down.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.8 (CSEL 5:346; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.9CSEL 5:346
At ego iterum ac saepius repeto: num quidnam et hic conparatione aliqua egent tempora? quis rogo audire non horreat non dicam bella talia, sed uel nomina tanta bellorum, externa, seruilia, socialia, ciuilia, fugitiuorum?
But I repeat again and again: do the times need any comparison here too? Who, I ask, would not shudder to hear, I will not say of such wars, but even the very names of so many wars, foreign, slave, with allies, civil, with runaways?
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius repeats his challenge.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.9 (CSEL 5:346; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.10CSEL 5:346
quae ne sic saltem sese, ut commoti maris fluctus quamuis molibus magnis sequuntur, sed undique diuersis causis uocabulis formis malisque excitata coaceruataque concurrunt.
These did not even follow one another in the way that the waves of a stirred sea follow, however great their masses, but, stirred up and heaped together from every side with different causes, names, forms, and evils, they rushed together.
Notes and citation
Summary: Wars came not in sequence but all at once.
- The Latin of the first clause is defective (“quae ne sic saltem sese … sequuntur”); translated by sense.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.10 (CSEL 5:346; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.11CSEL 5:346
ut e proximo repetam et infame illud seruile praeteream, Iugurthinum bellum nondum adhuc ab Africo perdetonuerat, iam Cimbricum a circio fulminabat.
To take up from the nearest point and pass over that infamous slave war: the Jugurthine war had not yet finished thundering from the southwest when the Cimbrian war was already flashing from the northwest.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Jugurthine and Cimbrian wars overlapped.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.11 (CSEL 5:346; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.12CSEL 5:346
de Cimbricis illis nubibus adhuc foedi uastique torrentes effusi sanguinis agebantur, iam socialis belli nebulas in magna continuo malorum nubila coituras misera exhalabat Italia.
From those Cimbrian clouds foul and vast torrents of poured-out blood were still being driven, when wretched Italy was already breathing out the mists of the war with the allies, soon to gather into great storm clouds of evils.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Social War followed at once.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nubibus adhuo → nubibus adhuc.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.12 (CSEL 5:346; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.13CSEL 5:346
adhuc uero post infinitam crebramque Italici belli tempestatem discurri tuto per Italiam minime poterat, ita omnes absque illis periculosissimis inimicarum urbium uoraginibus dissoluta ac lubrica pace titubabant;
Even after the endless and frequent storm of the Italian war, one could hardly travel safely through Italy, so much did all things, apart from those most dangerous whirlpools of hostile cities, totter in a loose and slippery peace;
Notes and citation
Summary: Italy remained unsafe.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.13 (CSEL 5:346; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.14CSEL 5:346–347
iam sibi Marianum atque Cinnanum Roma parturiebat excidium, aliudque e diuerso oriens atque aquilo, hoc est Mithridaticum, minabatur, quod quidem Mithridaticum a superioribus coeptum porro in ulteriora porrigitur.
already Rome was bringing forth for herself the destruction of Marius and Cinna, and the East and North on the other side threatened another, that is, the Mithridatic, which, begun in earlier times, extends further into later ones.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Marian and Mithridatic disasters followed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.14 (CSEL 5:346–347; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.15CSEL 5:347
de Mariana face rogus Sullanae cladis accensus est, de isto rogo funestissimo Sullani et ciuilis belli per plurimas terrarum partes ardentes sudes sparsi sunt multaque incendia ex uno fomite diffuderunt.
From Marius's torch the pyre of Sulla's disaster was kindled; from that most deadly pyre the burning brands of Sulla's civil war were scattered through very many parts of the world and spread many fires from one spark.
Notes and citation
Summary: One civil war kindled many.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): multaque inoendia → multaque incendia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.15 (CSEL 5:347; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.16CSEL 5:347
nam Lepidus et Scipio in Italia, Brutus in Gallia, Domitius Cinnae gener in Africa, Carbo in Cossura et Sicilia, Perpenna in Liguria et post cum Sertorio in Hispania, omniumque atrocissimus Sertorius in eadem Hispania haec tunc ciuilia, uel quo alio dicenda sunt nomine, bella excitantes, de uno multa, de magno magna fecerunt;
For Lepidus and Scipio in Italy, Brutus in Gaul, Domitius, Cinna's son-in-law, in Africa, Carbo in Cossura and Sicily, Perpenna in Liguria and afterward with Sertorius in Spain, and, most savage of all, Sertorius in the same Spain, stirring up these civil wars, or by whatever other name they are to be called, made many from one and great ones from a great one;
Notes and citation
Summary: The many leaders of the civil wars.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): dicenda. sunt → dicenda sunt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.16 (CSEL 5:347; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.17CSEL 5:347
absque illis tribus uastissimis bellis, quae tunc externa uocabantur, hoc est Pamphylico Macedonico atque Delmatico, dissimulato etiam magno illo Mithridatico longe omnium diuturnissimo infestissimo ac formidulosissimo;
apart from those three most vast wars which were then called foreign, that is, the Pamphylian, the Macedonian, and the Dalmatian, and setting aside also that great Mithridatic war, by far the longest, most dangerous, and most fearsome of all;
Notes and citation
Summary: Foreign wars besides.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.17 (CSEL 5:347; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.18CSEL 5:347–348
deinde, adhuc Hispaniensi Sertoriano nondum finito immo adhuc ipso uiuente Sertorio, hoc fugitiuorum et, ut uerius dicam, gladiatoricium bellum inhorruit, iam non spectandum paucis sed ubique metuendum.
then, while the Spanish war of Sertorius was not yet finished, indeed while Sertorius himself was still alive, this war of runaways, or, to speak more truly, of gladiators, broke out in horror, no longer a thing for a few to watch but to be feared everywhere.
Notes and citation
Summary: The gladiators' war broke out meanwhile.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.18 (CSEL 5:347–348; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.19CSEL 5:348
quod quia fugitiuarum bellum dicitur, nemini uile habeatur ex nomine: saepe in eo singuli et aliquando simul cum agminibus frustra iunctis ambo consules uicti sunt plurimique nobiles trucidati; ipsi autem fugitiui plus quam centum milia fuere, qui caesi sunt.
Because it is called the war of runaways, let no one hold it cheap because of its name: often in it the consuls were defeated singly, and once both together, though they had joined their columns in vain, and very many nobles were slaughtered; and of the runaways themselves more than a hundred thousand were slain.
Notes and citation
Summary: The slave war was no small matter.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.19 (CSEL 5:348; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.24.20CSEL 5:348
ei quo admonemus, ut ipsa se consoletur Italia de uexatione externorum praesentium per recordationem praeteritorum ex se atque in se et ipsam se inconparabiliter crudelius dilacerantium suorum. Quamobrem huic nunc quinto uolumini iam finem fecerim, ut bella ciuilia externis ubique permixta, uel quae dicta sunt uel etiam quae sequuntur, quia sic sibi serie temporum et malis sequacibus cohaeserunt, libri saltem termino separentur.
By this we advise Italy to console herself for the harassment of present foreign enemies by remembering her own past sons, who tore her apart, from herself and against herself, incomparably more cruelly. For this reason I would now bring this fifth book to an end, so that the civil wars mixed everywhere with foreign ones, both those that have been told and those that follow, since they clung to one another in the sequence of times and in evils following on evils, may at least be separated by the end of a book.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius ends Book 5.
- “ei quo” as printed; read “eo quo.”
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips; stray period): incon parabiliter crudelius dilacerantum → inconparabiliter crudelius dilacerantium; quinto uolnmini → quinto uolumini; quia sio sibi → quia sic sibi; libri saltem. termino → libri saltem termino.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.24.20 (CSEL 5:348; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-24-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 6, chapter 1
6.1.1CSEL 5:349
Omnes homines cuiuslibet uel sectae uel uitae uel patriae ita semper ad prospectum prudentiae naturali bono eriguntur, ut oblectamento corporis rationale mentis etsi non actu praeferant, indicio tamen praeferendum sciant. quae mens, ratione duce inlustrata, in medio uirtutum, quibus genuino fauore, quamuis uitiis inclinetur, adsurgit, scientiam Dei quasi arcem prospicit. Deum enim quilibet hominum contemnere
All men, of whatever school, way of life, or homeland, are always so raised by a natural good toward the outlook of prudence that, even if they do not prefer the rational part of the mind to the pleasure of the body in act, they nevertheless know by judgment that it ought to be preferred. This mind, enlightened with reason as guide, in the midst of the virtues toward which it rises with an inborn favor, although it leans toward vices, looks out on the knowledge of God as on a citadel. For any man can despise God
Notes and citation
Summary: Every human mind is drawn toward the knowledge of God.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period (the sentence continues in the next section); stray period and digitization slip): scientiam Dei quasi arcem. porospicit. → scientiam Dei quasi arcem prospicit.; contemnere. → contemnere.
Topics: God
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.1 (CSEL 5:349; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.2CSEL 5:349
ad tempus potest, nescire in totum non potest. unde quidam dum in multis Deum credunt, multos deos indiscreto timore finxerunt. sed hinc iam uel maxime cum auctoritate ueritatis operante tum ipsa etiam ratione discutiente discessum est.
for a time; he cannot be wholly ignorant of him. Hence some, while they believe God to be in many things, fashioned many gods with undiscerning fear. But from this men have now departed, most of all with the authority of truth at work and with reason itself also examining.
Notes and citation
Summary: Polytheism arose from misplaced fear and is now abandoned.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): ad tempus potest,. → ad tempus potest,.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.2 (CSEL 5:349; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.3CSEL 5:349–350
quippe cum et philosophi eorum, ut de nostris sanctis sileam, dum intento mentis studio quaerunt scrutanturque omnia, unum Deum auctorem omnium reppererunt, ad quem unum omnia referrentur; unde etiam nunc pagani, quos iam declarata ueritas de contumacia magis quam de ignorantia conuincit, cum a nobis discutiuntur, non se plures deos sequi sed sub uno deo magno plures ministros uenerari fatentur.
For even their philosophers, to say nothing of our saints, while they searched and examined all things with intent study of mind, found one God, author of all things, to whom alone all things should be referred; and so even now the pagans, whom the truth now made plain convicts of stubbornness rather than ignorance, when they are examined by us, confess that they do not follow many gods but venerate many ministers under one great god.
Notes and citation
Summary: Even the pagans acknowledge one supreme God.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sorutanturque → scrutanturque.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.3 (CSEL 5:349–350; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.4CSEL 5:350
restat igitur de intellegentia ueri Dei per multas intellegendi suspiciones confusa dissensio, quia de uno deo omnium paene una opinio est. hucusque humana scrutatio, etsi cum labore, potuit. at ubi ratiocinatio deficit, fides subuenit.
There remains, then, a disagreement about the understanding of the true God, confused by many conjectures of understanding, since about one God nearly all have one opinion. Thus far human inquiry, though with labor, could go. But where reasoning fails, faith comes to help.
Notes and citation
Summary: Where reason fails, faith helps.
Topics: Faith
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.4 (CSEL 5:350; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.5CSEL 5:350
nisi enim crediderimus, non intellegemus: ab ipso audias ipsique Deo credas, quod uerum uelis scire de Deo. itaque idem unus et uerus Deus, in quem omnis, ut diximus, etsi ex diuersis opinionibus secta concurrit, mutans regna et disponens tempora, peccata quoque puniens, quae infirma sunt mundi elegit, ut confundat fortia, Romanumque imperium adsumpto pauperrimi status pastore fundauit.
For “unless we believe, we shall not understand.” Hear from him and believe God himself what you wish to know truly about God. So the same one and true God, to whom every school, as we have said, runs together though from different opinions, “changing kingdoms and ordering times,” punishing sins too, “chose the weak things of the world to confound the strong,” and founded the Roman empire, taking up a shepherd of the poorest station.
Isa 7:9 (quotation, medium confidence) · Dan 2:21 (allusion, high confidence) · 1 Cor 1:27 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The one God founded the Roman empire through a humble shepherd.
- “Unless we believe, we shall not understand”: Isa 7:9 in the Old Latin (from the LXX), as often quoted by Augustine.
- “Changing kingdoms and ordering times”: Dan 2:21.
- “Chose the weak things … the strong”: 1 Cor 1:27.
- The shepherd is Romulus.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.5 (CSEL 5:350; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.6CSEL 5:350
hoc per reges et consules diu prouectum postquam Asiae Africae atque Europae potitum est, ad unum imperatorem eundemque fortissimum et clementissimum cuncta sui
This empire, long advanced through kings and consuls, after it had gained possession of Asia, Africa, and Europe, he gathered together by his own ordering under one emperor, both most brave and most merciful.
Notes and citation
Summary: God united the empire under Augustus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): per reges et consules din → per reges et consules diu.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.6 (CSEL 5:350; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.7CSEL 5:350–351
ordinatione congessit sub hoc imperatore, quem omnes fere gentes amore et timore permixto iuste honorarent, Deus uerus, qui superstitione sollicita ab ignorantibus colebatur, magnum illum intellegentiae suae fontem aperuit promptiusque per hominem docturus homines filium suum misit operantem uirtutes, quae praecellerent hominem, coarguentemque daemonas, quos aliqui deos putauissent, ut qui ipsi tamquam homini non credidissent, operibus tamquam Dei crederent;
Under this emperor, whom nearly all peoples rightly honored with mingled love and fear, the true God, who was worshiped by the ignorant with anxious superstition, opened that great fountain of the understanding of himself and, to teach men more readily through a man, sent his Son, working mighty deeds that surpassed man and refuting the demons, whom some had thought gods, so that those who had not believed him as a man might believe his works as God's;
John 10:38 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Under Augustus God sent his Son.
- Compare John 10:38 (believe the works).
Topics: Christology, Incarnation
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.7 (CSEL 5:350–351; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.8CSEL 5:351
deinde ut in magno silentio ac pace latissima inoffense et celeriter noui nominis gloria et adnuntiatae salutis uelox fama percurreret uel etiam ut discipulis eius per diuersas gentes euntibus ultroque per cunctos salutis dona offerentibus obeundi ac disserendi quippe Romanis ciuibus inter ciues Romanos esset tuta libertas.
and then, that in great silence and the widest peace the glory of the new name and the swift report of the salvation announced might run through without hindrance and quickly, or also that his disciples, going through the various nations and freely offering the gifts of salvation to all, might have safe freedom of traveling and discoursing, as Roman citizens among Roman citizens.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Roman peace allowed the gospel to spread.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): deinde ut m magno → deinde ut in magno.
Topics: Mission and the spread of the gospel
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.8 (CSEL 5:351; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.9CSEL 5:351
quod ideo commemorandum putaui, quia hic sextus libellus usque ad Caesarem Augustum, de quo haec dicuntur, extenditur.
I thought this should be recalled because this sixth book extends up to Caesar Augustus, of whom these things are said.
Notes and citation
Summary: Book 6 reaches Augustus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): quia hio sextus → quia hic sextus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.9 (CSEL 5:351; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.10CSEL 5:351
quodsi aliqui hanc lucidissimam rationem inritam putant, suisque dis potius adsignant, quos primum prudentia elegerint deinde praecipuo cultu inuitarint, ut sibi per eos amplissimum hoc pulcherrimumque imperium conderetur —
But if some think this most lucid reasoning void and assign it rather to their own gods, whom they say they first chose by prudence and then invited by special worship, so that through them this most ample and most beautiful empire might be founded for them
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans credit their gods with the empire.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): hanc luoidissimam → hanc lucidissimam.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.10 (CSEL 5:351; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.11CSEL 5:351
sic enim iactitant, quia ipsi optimo genere sacrorum emeruerint praecipuum deorum fauorem, quibus ademptis uel praetermissis discesserint omnes adytis arisque relictis Di, quibus imperium hoc steterat —
(for so they boast, that they earned the special favor of the gods by the best kind of rites, and that when these were taken away or neglected, “all the gods departed, leaving their shrines and altars, by whom this empire had stood”):
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans claim the gods left when the rites ceased.
- Quotation adapted from Virgil, Aeneid 2.351–352.
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil, Aen. 2.351-352 (Virgil; quotation)
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.11 (CSEL 5:351; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.12CSEL 5:351
unde, quamuis reuerentia sanctitatis tuae multa fortissime uerissimeque disseruerit, tamen et mihi locus exigit, ut pauca subiciam.
hence, although Your Reverend Holiness has discussed many things most powerfully and most truly, the place nevertheless requires that I too add a few things.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius adds to Augustine's arguments.
- Addressed to Augustine; the reference is to the City of God.
Extrabiblical texts: Augustine, Civ. (City of God; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.12 (CSEL 5:351; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.13CSEL 5:351–352
si Romani colendo deos emeruerunt fauorem deorum et non colendo amiserunt: ut ipse Romulus, parens Romae, inter tot mala ab ipso ortu suo ingruentia saluus esset, colendo quis meruit?
If the Romans earned the favor of the gods by worshiping them and lost it by not worshiping, who by worshiping earned that Romulus himself, father of Rome, should be safe amid so many evils that befell him from his very birth?
Notes and citation
Summary: Who earned Romulus's safety by worship?
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.13 (CSEL 5:351–352; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.14CSEL 5:352
an Amulius auus, qui exposuit ad necem? an pater, qui incertus fuit? an Rhea mater stupri rea? an Albani parentes, ipsa quoque ab initio Romani nominis germina persequentes? an tota Italia, quae per quadringentos annos, dum audere potuit, excidio eius inhiauit?
Was it Amulius, his grandfather, who exposed him to death? Or his father, who was uncertain? Or his mother Rhea, accused of illicit intercourse? Or the Alban kinsmen, who also persecuted the very seeds of the Roman name from the beginning? Or all Italy, which for four hundred years, as long as it could dare, gaped for its destruction?
Notes and citation
Summary: None of those around Romulus deserved the gods' favor.
- “auns” in the digital text, read “auus”; Amulius was in fact Romulus's great-uncle.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Amulius auns → Amulius auus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.14 (CSEL 5:352; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.15CSEL 5:352
non, inquiunt, sed di ipsi, quia se colendos sciebant, futuros custodiere cultores. ergo praescii sunt.
No, they say, but the gods themselves, because they knew they would be worshiped, guarded their future worshipers. Then they have foreknowledge.
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans' reply implies the gods foreknew.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.15 (CSEL 5:352; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.16CSEL 5:352
si praescii sunt, cur hoc imperium inter tot annorum saecula eo potissimum tempore ad summam potentiae arcem perduxerunt, quo ille nasci inter homines atque adgnosci ut homo uoluit, post cuius nomen et ipsi pro nihilo contempti sunt et cum uniuerso mundo etiam illi, quos ipsi prouexerant, cucurrerunt?
If they have foreknowledge, why, among the ages of so many years, did they bring this empire to the highest summit of power at that time above all when he willed to be born among men and to be recognized as a man, after whose name they themselves were despised as nothing, and even those whom they had raised ran to him with the whole world?
Notes and citation
Summary: The gods raised the empire just when Christ came.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): cnr hoc imperium → cur hoc imperium.
Topics: Christology, Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.16 (CSEL 5:352; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.17CSEL 5:352
sed humiliter obrepsit, inquiunt, et latenter intrauit. latentis et humilis unde tam celebris fama, tam indubitata fides, tam manifesta potentia? signis quibusdam et uirtutibus mentes hominum superstitione sollicitas cepit et tenuit. at haec si homo potuit, di magis posse debuerunt.
But he crept in humbly, they say, and entered secretly. Then from where did one hidden and humble get so celebrated a fame, so undoubted a faith, so manifest a power? By certain signs and mighty works, they say, he captured and held the minds of men anxious with superstition. But if a man could do these things, the gods ought to have been able to do more.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ's power exceeded that of the gods.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.17 (CSEL 5:352; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.18CSEL 5:352–353
an quia ille hanc potentiam a Patre sibi traditam praedicabat, peruentum est aliquando ad intellegentiam illius noti et ignoti Dei, quam adprehendere, ut dixi, nemo nisi per ipsum potest? nec quisquam potest, nisi qui toto se perspecto ac despecto conuersus ad sapientiam Dei omnem quaerendi ratiocinationem transtulerit ad credendi fidem.
Or was it because he proclaimed that this power had been handed to him by the Father that men at last came to the understanding of that known and unknown God, which, as I said, no one can grasp except through him? Nor can anyone, except one who, having looked through and looked down on his whole self, has turned to the wisdom of God and transferred all the reasoning of inquiry to the faith of believing.
Matt 11:27 (allusion, medium confidence) · John 14:6 (echo, low confidence) · Acts 17:23 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The known and unknown God is grasped only through Christ.
- Compare Matt 11:27; John 14:6; Acts 17:23.
Topics: Christology, God
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.18 (CSEL 5:352–353; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.19CSEL 5:353
uerumtamen breuiter discutio: di isti, quos tantos ferunt, ut Romanam rempublicam et propitii prouexisse et auersi adflixisse uideantur, eo certe tempore, quod palam constat, quo nasci Christus uoluit et adnuntiari gentibus coepit deuotissime atque intentissime colebantur.
Yet I discuss it briefly: these gods, whom they call so great that they seem both to have advanced the Roman commonwealth when favorable and to have afflicted it when turned away, were certainly worshiped most devoutly and most intently at that time, as is publicly agreed, when Christ willed to be born and began to be proclaimed to the nations.
Notes and citation
Summary: The gods were worshiped devoutly when Christ came.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.19 (CSEL 5:353; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.20CSEL 5:353
ita illi consulentes et sibi et cultoribus suis non potuerunt uel reprimere uel repellere superstitionem eius, propter quam spernendos se cultoresque suos destituendos uiderent? quamquam si ab inuitis, danda uenia nec deserendi fuerunt; si a uoluntariis, seruanda praescientia nec prius fuerant adiuuandi.
So, taking counsel for themselves and their worshipers, could they not either repress or repel his superstition, on account of which they saw that they would be despised and their worshipers abandoned? Although, if they were deserted against their will, they should be pardoned and should not have been abandoned; if willingly, their foreknowledge should be kept in mind, and they should not have been helped beforehand.
Notes and citation
Summary: The gods could not stop Christianity.
Topics: Mission and the spread of the gospel
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.20 (CSEL 5:353; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.21CSEL 5:353
hoc factum est, inquiunt: nam excitauimus gentes, accendimus reges, instituimus leges, disposuimus iudices, praeparauimus poenas suppliciis et crucibus, Orbem totum scrutati sumus, siquo modo Christianum nomen et cultus uniuerso mundo posset abradi.
This was done, they say: for we roused nations, inflamed kings, established laws, set up judges, prepared penalties of tortures and crosses, searched the whole world, to see whether the Christian name and worship could somehow be scraped off the whole world.
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans tried to destroy Christianity.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.21 (CSEL 5:353; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.22CSEL 5:353
hoc eatenus factum est, donec fecunda crudelitas eo usque inter tormenta ac per tormenta proficeret, quamdiu ipsum regium culmen, per quod solum prohiberi potuerat, occuparet.
This was done up to the point when fruitful cruelty so advanced amid tortures and through tortures that it occupied the very summit of royal power, by which alone it could have been prevented.
Notes and citation
Summary: Persecution only spread the faith until it reached the throne.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.22 (CSEL 5:353; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.23CSEL 5:353–354
et quid postea consecutum est? imperatores, inquiunt, Christiani cessare sacra et claudi templa iusserunt atque ideo Excessere omnes adytis arisque relictis Di, quibus imperium hoc steterat.
And what followed afterward? The Christian emperors, they say, ordered the rites to cease and the temples to be closed, and therefore “all the gods departed, leaving their shrines and altars, by whom this empire had stood.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans blame the Christian emperors.
- Virgil, Aeneid 2.351–352.
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil, Aen. 2.351-352 (Virgil; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.23 (CSEL 5:353–354; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.24CSEL 5:354
o quanta et quam inoffensa lux ueritatis est, si non aduersus eam ultro sese offerentem inbecilli infeliciter oculi clauderentur! si Christiana fides per multa retro tempora saeuientibus undique aduersum se gentibus regibus legibus caedibus crucibus ac mortibus reprimi nullo modo potuit, immo, ut dixi, inter haec et per haec creuit, cultus autem idolorum iam quodammodo ex se deficiens ac sibi erubescens ad unam clementissimam iussionem sine ullo poenali terrore cessauit: cui dubium
O how great and how unhindered is the light of truth, if only weak eyes did not unhappily close against it as it freely offers itself! If the Christian faith through many past times could in no way be repressed, with nations, kings, laws, slaughters, crosses, and deaths raging against it on all sides, but rather, as I said, grew amid these things and through them, while the worship of idols, already somehow failing of itself and ashamed of itself, ceased at one most merciful command without any terror of penalty: who doubts
Notes and citation
Summary: Christianity grew under persecution; idol worship ceased at a word.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period (the sentence continues in the next section)): cui dubium. → cui dubium.
Topics: Persecution, Idolatry
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.24 (CSEL 5:354; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.25CSEL 5:354
est hoc per istius intellegentiae demonstrationem de creatore suo tandem innotuisse creaturae, quod illa eatenus per uarias ratiocinationes mentis, intentae quamlibet, aliis offuscata quaesierit ac per hoc statim amori eius, quem etiam ignorans dilexerat, inhaesisse?
that through the demonstration of this understanding the creature has at last come to know of its creator what until then it sought through the various reasonings of the mind, however intent, darkened by other things, and so at once clung to the love of him whom it had loved even without knowing him?
Notes and citation
Summary: Creation has at last come to know its Creator.
Topics: Creation
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.25 (CSEL 5:354; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-25
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.26CSEL 5:354–355
nec igitur mirum est, si in magna familia inueniuntur aliqui serui, qui consuetudine lasciuiaque seductorum adsuefacti patientia domini sui ad contemptum ipsius abutantur: unde et merito Deus uel ingratos uel incredulos uel etiam contumaces uariis correptionibus arguit;
It is no wonder, then, if in a great household some slaves are found who, accustomed by the habit and wantonness of seducers, abuse their master's patience to the point of despising him; and therefore God rightly reproves the ungrateful, the unbelieving, or even the stubborn with various chastisements;
Notes and citation
Summary: God chastises ungrateful servants.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.26 (CSEL 5:354–355; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-26
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.27CSEL 5:355
quod semper utique confitendum est, tunc tamen praecipue, quando adhuc per uniuersum mundum nulla erat ecclesia, quae interuentu fidelium precum meritas mundi poenas iustumque iudicium Dei exorata ipsius clementia temperaret: unde etiam haec, quae mala hominibus uidentur, qualiacumque sunt, grauiora sine dubio omnia fuerunt, sicut ipso, quo coepta sunt, ordine probabuntur.
this must always be confessed, but especially of the time when there was as yet no church throughout the whole world to temper the deserved punishments of the world and the just judgment of God by the intercession of faithful prayers, his own mercy being entreated; hence also these things which seem evils to men, whatever they are, were all without doubt more grievous then, as will be proved by the very order in which they began.
Notes and citation
Summary: Before the church's prayers, punishments were heavier.
Topics: Prayer
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.27 (CSEL 5:355; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-27). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-27
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.28CSEL 5:355
Bellum Mithridaticum uel, ut uerius dicam, belli Mithridatici clades multas simul inuoluens prouincias tracta et protenta per quadraginta annos fuit.
The Mithridatic war, or, to speak more truly, the disasters of the Mithridatic war, involving many provinces at once, was dragged out and prolonged through forty years.
Notes and citation
Summary: The length of the Mithridatic war.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.28 (CSEL 5:355; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-28
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.29CSEL 5:355–356
nam DCLXII, ut dixi, anno ab Vrbe condita, quo etiam primum ciuile bellum coeperat, inardescens, consulatu uero Ciceronis et Antonii, ut uerbis poetae optimi loquar, barbarico uix consummata ueneno est. sed in his temporibus triginta gerendi belli inueniuntur anni.
For blazing up, as I said, in the 662nd year from the founding of the City, in which also the first civil war had begun, it was, to speak in the words of the best of poets, “scarcely ended by barbarian poison” in the consulship of Cicero and Antonius. But in these times thirty years of waging war are found.
Notes and citation
Summary: The war ran from AUC 662 to Cicero's consulship.
- The poet is Lucan, Civil War 1.337.
- The digital text reads DCLXU; corrected to DCLXII as in 5.19.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips (II read as U; anDO; coudita)): nam DCLXU, ut dixi, anDO ab Vrbe coudita → nam DCLXII, ut dixi, anno ab Vrbe condita.
Extrabiblical texts: Lucan, 1.337 (Lucan, Civil War; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.29 (CSEL 5:355–356; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-29
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
6.1.30CSEL 5:356
qualiter autem quadraginta a plerisque dicti sint non facile discernitur.
How it has been called forty by many is not easily discerned.
Notes and citation
Summary: The forty-year reckoning is unclear.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 6.1.30 (CSEL 5:356; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-30). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/6-1-30
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).