Seven Books of History against the Pagans 1.21.1–2.10.11
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 1, chapter 21
1.21.1CSEL 5:74–75
Anno ante Vrbem conditam xxx Peloponnensium Atheniensiumque maximum bellum totis uiribus animisque commissum est: in quo mutuis caedibus ad hoc coacti sunt, ut uelut uicti se ab alterutro subtraherent bellumque desererent.
In the 30th year before the founding of the City a very great war was waged between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians with all their strength and spirit, in which by mutual slaughter they were driven to such a point that, as though conquered, they withdrew from each other and abandoned the war.
Notes and citation
Summary: A great war between Peloponnesians and Athenians.
- Orosius's chronology is confused here.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.1 (CSEL 5:74–75; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.2CSEL 5:75
tunc etiam Amazonum gentis et Cimmeriorum in Asiam repentinus incursus plurimam late diu uastationem stragemque edidit.
Then too a sudden incursion of the Amazons and the Cimmerians into Asia brought very great and long devastation and slaughter far and wide.
Notes and citation
Summary: Amazons and Cimmerians raided Asia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.2 (CSEL 5:75; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.3CSEL 5:75
Anno xx ante Vrbem conditam Lacedaemonii contra Messenios propter spretas uirgines suas in sollemni Messeniorum sacrificio, per annos uiginti indefesso furore bellantes, ruinae suae totas Graeciae uires inplicuerunt.
In the 20th year before the founding of the City, the Lacedaemonians, warring against the Messenians for twenty years with unwearied fury because their maidens had been scorned at a solemn sacrifice of the Messenians, involved the whole strength of Greece in their own ruin.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Spartan war against Messenia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.3 (CSEL 5:75; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.4CSEL 5:75
qui cum se magnis exsecrationibus deuouissent sacramentisque obstrinxissent domum nisi Messena expugnata numquam esse redituros, ac per decem annos longa fatigati obsidione nec tamen aliquem uincendi fructum adepti, porro autem et querellis uxorum super longa uiduitate et periculo sterilitatis contestantium permoti reuocarentur,
When they had devoted themselves with great curses and bound themselves by oaths never to return home unless Messene were taken, and, worn out by a long siege for ten years without gaining any fruit of victory, they were moreover being called back, moved by the complaints of their wives, who protested at their long widowhood and the danger of childlessness,
Notes and citation
Summary: The Spartans' oath and their wives' complaints.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.4 (CSEL 5:75; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.5CSEL 5:75–76
consultatione habita ueriti, ne intercepta spe subolis sibi magis hac perseuerantia quam Messeniis perditio nutriretur, selectos in exercitu eos qui post iusiurandum in supplementum militiae uenerant Spartam remittunt, quibus promiscuos omnium feminarum concubitus permisere, infami satis nec tamen utili licentia.
they held a consultation and, fearing that, if hope of offspring were cut off, this persistence was nurturing destruction for themselves rather than for the Messenians, they sent back to Sparta chosen men of the army, those who had come as reinforcements after the oath, and allowed them promiscuous intercourse with all the women: a licence infamous enough, yet not useful.
Notes and citation
Summary: They sent men home to beget children with all the women.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.5 (CSEL 5:75–76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.6CSEL 5:76
ipsi autem proposito insistentes expugnant fraude Messenios, uictos seruitio premunt. at illi, diu cruentam dominationem inter uerbera et uincla perpessi, iugum excutiunt, arma sumunt, bellum instaurant. Lacedaemonii Tyrreum, Atheniensem poetam, ducem proelio legunt.
They themselves, keeping to their purpose, took the Messenians by fraud and pressed the conquered into slavery. But the Messenians, having long endured a bloody domination amid scourges and chains, shook off the yoke, took up arms and renewed the war. The Lacedaemonians chose Tyrtaeus, an Athenian poet, as their leader in battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Messenians revolted; Sparta chose Tyrtaeus as leader.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.6 (CSEL 5:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.7CSEL 5:76
qui tribus conflictibus fusi, amissum exercitum uocata in libertatem seruorum manu suppleuerunt.
Routed in three engagements, they made up their lost army by calling a band of slaves to freedom.
Notes and citation
Summary: Defeated, Sparta freed slaves to fight.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.7 (CSEL 5:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.8CSEL 5:76
sed cum sic quoque desistendum certamine propter metum periculi arbitrarentur, Tyrrei poetae et ducis conposito carmine et pro contione recitato rursus accensi mox in certamen ruunt; tanta autem ui animorum concursum est, ut raro umquam cruentius proelium exarserit; ad postremum tamen uictoria Lacedaemoniorum fuit. tertio Messenii
But when even so they judged that they must give up the contest for fear of danger, they were fired again by a poem composed by Tyrtaeus, poet and general, and recited before the assembly, and soon rushed into battle; and they clashed with such force of spirit that rarely has a bloodier battle blazed up; at last, however, the victory was the Lacedaemonians'. A third time the Messenians
Notes and citation
Summary: Tyrtaeus's poem roused the Spartans to victory.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.8 (CSEL 5:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.9CSEL 5:76–77
reparauere certamen, nec Lacedaemoniis mora, multas in auxilium copias utrimque duxerunt. Athenienses uero Lacedaemonios alibi intentos e diuerso adgredi parant.
renewed the contest, and the Lacedaemonians did not delay; both sides brought many forces to their help. The Athenians, however, prepared to attack the Lacedaemonians from the other side while they were occupied elsewhere.
Notes and citation
Summary: A third Messenian war; Athens prepared to attack Sparta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.9 (CSEL 5:76–77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.10CSEL 5:77
nec Lacedaemonii quieuere: nam ipsi in Messenios occupati Peloponnenses inmiserunt, qui Athenienses proelio exciperent. Athenienses autem, missa in Aegyptum parua classe inpares uiribus, nauali congressu facile uincuntur. dehinc recepta classe, aucti etiam militum robore, uictores in proelium uocant.
Nor were the Lacedaemonians idle: for, being themselves occupied with the Messenians, they sent the Peloponnesians to meet the Athenians in battle. The Athenians, having sent a small fleet to Egypt and being unequal in strength, were easily defeated in a naval engagement. Then, the fleet recovered and strengthened also by a force of soldiers, they challenged the victors to battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta's allies defeated Athens at sea, then Athens renewed the war.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.10 (CSEL 5:77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.11CSEL 5:77
Lacedaemonii quoque omissis Messeniis in Athenienses arma conuertunt. diu uariae et graues pugnae et anceps uictoriae status ac postremum pendente euentu utrimque discessum est.
The Lacedaemonians too, leaving the Messenians, turned their arms against the Athenians. For a long time there were varied and heavy battles and an uncertain state of victory, and at last, with the outcome undecided, both sides withdrew.
Notes and citation
Summary: An indecisive war between Sparta and Athens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.11 (CSEL 5:77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.12CSEL 5:77
Sciendum tamen est maxime, ipsam esse Spartam quam et Lacedaemonam ciuitatem, atque inde Lacedaemonios Spartanos dici.
It must, however, be especially understood that Sparta is the same city as Lacedaemon, and hence the Lacedaemonians are called Spartans.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta and Lacedaemon are the same.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word repeated and run together in the digital text): LacedaemonamLacedaemouam → Lacedaemonam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.12 (CSEL 5:77; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.13CSEL 5:77–78
Igitur inde reuocati Lacedaemonii ad Messeniorum bellum, ne medium tempus otiosum Atheniensibus relinquerent, cum Thebanis paciscuntur, ut Boeotiorum imperium eis restituerent, quod temporibus belli Persici amiserant, si illi Atheniensium bella susciperent.
So the Lacedaemonians, called back from there to the Messenian war, so as not to leave the Athenians the intervening time at leisure, made a pact with the Thebans to restore to them the rule of the Boeotians, which they had lost in the time of the Persian war, if they would take up the war against the Athenians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta induced Thebes to fight Athens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.13 (CSEL 5:77–78; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.14CSEL 5:78
tantus furor Spartanorum erat, ut duobus bellis inpliciti suscipere tertium non recusarent, dummodo inimicis suis hostes adquirerent.
So great was the fury of the Spartans that, entangled in two wars, they did not refuse to take on a third, provided they could gain enemies for their enemies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta's fury for war.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.14 (CSEL 5:78; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.15CSEL 5:78
Athenienses tanta bellorum tempestate permoti duo duces deligunt Periclen spectatae uirtutis uirum et Sophoclen scriptorem tragoediarum: qui diuiso exercitu et Spartanorum fines late populati sunt et multas Asiae ciuitates Atheniensium imperio adiecerunt.
The Athenians, alarmed by so great a storm of wars, chose two generals, Pericles, a man of proven courage, and Sophocles, the writer of tragedies: they divided the army, ravaged the territory of the Spartans far and wide and added many cities of Asia to the empire of the Athenians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pericles and Sophocles led Athens to success.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.15 (CSEL 5:78; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.16CSEL 5:78
hinc porro per annos quinquaginta incerta semper uictoria terra marique pugnatum est, donec Spartani, et opibus inminutis et fide profligata, sociis quoque probro fuere.
From then on, for fifty years, they fought on land and sea with victory always uncertain, until the Spartans, their resources diminished and their good faith ruined, became a disgrace even to their allies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fifty years of war exhausted Sparta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.16 (CSEL 5:78; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.17CSEL 5:78
Sed haec per tot aetatum uolumina incubuisse Graeciae parui penditur. nunc autem interpellari interdum uoluptates et impediri parumper libidines non sustinetur.
But that these things weighed on Greece through so many rolling ages is thought of little account; while now it is not endured that pleasures are sometimes interrupted and lusts hindered for a little while.
Notes and citation
Summary: Greece's long sufferings are ignored while small present troubles are resented.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.17 (CSEL 5:78; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.18CSEL 5:78–79
quamquam inter illius temporis homines atque istius hoc interest, quod illi aequo animo haec intoleranda tolerabant, quia in his nati uel enutriti erant et meliora non nouerant: isti autem, perpetuo in uita sua tranquillitatum et deliciarum sereno adsuefacti, ad omne uel modicum obductae sollicitudinis nubilum commouentur.
Although there is this difference between the men of that time and those of this: that they bore these unbearable things with equanimity, because they had been born or brought up among them and knew nothing better; but these, accustomed throughout their lives to the unbroken fair weather of tranquillity and delights, are disturbed by every cloud of anxiety, however slight, that gathers.
Notes and citation
Summary: People today, used to peace, are upset by small troubles.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.18 (CSEL 5:78–79; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.19CSEL 5:79
atque utinam ipsum depulsorem huius uel modicae inquietudinis precarentur, cuius munere hanc ignoratam aliis temporibus iugitatem pacis habuerunt.
And would that they would pray to him who can drive off even this slight disquiet, by whose gift they have had this continuity of peace unknown in other times.
Notes and citation
Summary: They should pray to the God who gave them peace.
Topics: Prayer
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.19 (CSEL 5:79; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.20CSEL 5:79
et quoniam spopondisse memini, cum ueluti articulis quibusdam dicendi ordinem definirem, dicturum me esse ab orbe condito usque ad Vrbem conditam,
And since I remember that I promised, when I was marking out the order of my account as by certain joints, that I would speak from the founding of the world to the founding of the City,
Notes and citation
Summary: He recalls his plan.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.20 (CSEL 5:79; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
1.21.21CSEL 5:79–80
huic uolumini quod ab orbe condito explicuimus finis hic sit, ut ab Vrbe condita sequens libellus incipiat, qui contextiora illorum temporum mala, exercitatioribus quippe ad nequitiam atque eruditioribus hominibus, continebit.
let this be the end of this volume, which we have unfolded from the founding of the world, so that the following book may begin from the founding of the City; it will contain the more closely woven evils of those times, since men were then more practised and more learned in wickedness.
Notes and citation
Summary: Book 1 ends; Book 2 will begin with the founding of Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 1.21.21 (CSEL 5:79–80; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/1-21-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 1
2.1.1CSEL 5:81
Neminem iam esse hominum arbitror, quem latere possit, quia hominem in hoc mundo Deus fecerit. unde etiam peccante homine mundus arguitur ac propter nostram intemperantiam conprimendam terra haec, in qua uiuimus, defectu ceterorum animalium et sterilitate suorum fructuum castigatur.
I think there is no longer any man from whom it can be hidden that God made man in this world. Hence also when man sins the world is reproved, and, to restrain our intemperance, this earth in which we live is chastised by the failing of the other animals and the barrenness of its fruits.
Gen 3:17 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God made man, and the world is chastised for man's sin.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.1.1 (CSEL 5:81; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.1.2CSEL 5:81
itaque si creatura Dei, merito et dispensatio Dei sumus; quis enim magis diligit, quam ille qui fecit? quis autem ordinatius regit, quam is qui et fecit et diligit? quis uero sapientius et fortius ordinare et regere facta potest, quam qui et facienda prouidit et prouisa perfecit?
So if we are God's creation, we are rightly also under God's governance; for who loves more than he who made? And who rules in more orderly fashion than he who both made and loves? And who can order and rule what is made more wisely and more strongly than he who both foresaw what was to be made and brought to completion what he foresaw?
Notes and citation
Summary: As our Maker, God rightly governs us.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.1.2 (CSEL 5:81; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.1.3CSEL 5:81–82
quapropter omnem potestatem a Deo esse omnemque ordinationem, et qui non legerunt sentiunt et qui legerunt recognoscunt. quod si potestates a Deo sunt, quanto magis regna, a quibus reliquae potestates progrediuntur;
Therefore that all power and all ordering is from God, those who have not read perceive and those who have read recognize. And if powers are from God, how much more kingdoms, from which the other powers proceed;
Rom 13:1 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: All power, and so all kingdoms, come from God.
- Rom 13:1.
Topics: Rulers and the state
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.1.3 (CSEL 5:81–82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.1.4CSEL 5:82
si autem regna diuersa, quanto aequius regnum aliquod maximum, cui reliquorum regnorum potestas uniuersa subicitur, quale a principio Babylonium et deinde Macedonicum fuit, post etiam Africanum atque in fine Romanum quod usque ad nunc manet,
and if kingdoms are diverse, how much more fittingly some one greatest kingdom, to which the whole power of the other kingdoms is subject, such as was the Babylonian in the beginning, and then the Macedonian, afterwards also the African, and at the end the Roman, which remains to this day;
Notes and citation
Summary: God also ordains the great empires: Babylonian, Macedonian, African, Roman.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.1.4 (CSEL 5:82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.1.5CSEL 5:82
eademque ineffabili ordinatione per quattuor mundi cardines quattuor regnorum principatus distinctis gradibus eminentes, ut Babylonium regnum ab oriente, a meridie Carthaginiense, a septentrione Macedonicum, ab occidente Romanum:
and by the same ineffable ordering, at the four cardinal points of the world, the leadership of four kingdoms standing out in distinct degrees: the Babylonian kingdom in the east, the Carthaginian in the south, the Macedonian in the north, the Roman in the west;
Dan 2:39 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The four empires stand at the four quarters of the world.
- Orosius's scheme of four empires differs from the four kingdoms of Dan 2 and 7.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.1.5 (CSEL 5:82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.1.6CSEL 5:82–83
quorum inter primum ac nouissimum, id est inter Babylonium et Romanum, quasi inter patrem senem ac filium paruum, Africanum ac Macedonicum breuia et media, quasi tutor curatorque uenerunt potestate temporis non iure hereditatis admissi. quod utrum ita sit, apertissime expedire curabo.
between the first and the last of which, that is, between the Babylonian and the Roman, as between an old father and a little son, the African and Macedonian came, short and intermediate, as guardian and trustee, admitted by the power of the time, not by right of inheritance. Whether this is so, I shall take care to set out most plainly.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage and Macedon were interim guardians between Babylon and Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.1.6 (CSEL 5:82–83; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-1-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 2
2.2.1CSEL 5:83
Rex primus apud Assyrios, qui eminere ceteris potuit, Ninus fuit. occiso Nino Samiramis uxor eius, totius Asiae regina, Babylonam urbem instaurauit caputque regni Assyriis ut esset instituit.
The first king among the Assyrians who was able to stand out above the rest was Ninus. When Ninus was killed, Semiramis his wife, queen of all Asia, restored the city of Babylon and established it as the capital of the kingdom for the Assyrians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Semiramis made Babylon the Assyrian capital.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.2.1 (CSEL 5:83; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.2.2CSEL 5:83
regnum Assyriorum diu inconcussa potentia stetit; sed cum Arbatus, quem alii Arbacen uocant, praefectus Medorum idemque natione Medus, Sardanapallum regem suum apud Babylonam interfecisset, regni nomen et summam ad Medos transtulit.
The kingdom of the Assyrians stood long with unshaken power; but when Arbatus, whom others call Arbaces, prefect of the Medes and himself a Mede by nation, had killed his king Sardanapalus at Babylon, he transferred the name and sum of the kingdom to the Medes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Arbatus killed Sardanapalus and transferred power to the Medes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.2.2 (CSEL 5:83; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.2.3CSEL 5:83
ita Nini et Babylonis regnum eo anno in Medos deriuatum est, quo anno apud Latinos Procas, Amuli et Numitoris pater, auus autem Rheae Siluiae, quae mater Romuli fuit, regnare coepit.
So the kingdom of Ninus and Babylon passed to the Medes in the same year in which Procas began to reign among the Latins, father of Amulius and Numitor and grandfather of Rhea Silvia, who was the mother of Romulus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Babylon fell in the year Procas began to reign in Latium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.2.3 (CSEL 5:83; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.2.4CSEL 5:83
ut autem omnia haec ineffabilibus mysteriis et profundissimis Dei iudiciis disposita, non aut humanis uiribus aut incertis casibus accidisse perdoceam, omnes historiae antiquae a Nino incipiunt, omnes historiae Romanae a Proca exoriuntur.
And to show fully that all these things were disposed by ineffable mysteries and the deepest judgments of God, and did not happen either by human strength or by uncertain chance: all ancient histories begin with Ninus, all Roman histories arise from Procas.
Rom 11:33 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ancient histories begin with Ninus, Roman ones with Procas.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.2.4 (CSEL 5:83; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.2.5CSEL 5:83–84
deinde a primo anno imperii Nini usque quo Babylon a Samiramide instaurari coepta est, interueniunt anni LXIIII, et a primo anno Procae, cum regnare coepit, usque ad conditionem Vrbis factam a Romulo intersunt aeque anni LXIIII. ita regnante Proca futurae Romae sementis iacta est, etsi nondum germen apparet. eodem anno regni ipsius Procae Babylonis regnum defecit, etsi adhuc Babylon ipsa consistit.
Then from the first year of Ninus's rule until Babylon began to be restored by Semiramis, sixty-four years intervene; and from the first year of Procas, when he began to reign, until the founding of the City by Romulus, there are likewise sixty-four years. So in the reign of Procas the seed of future Rome was sown, though no shoot yet appeared; in the same year of the reign of that Procas the kingdom of Babylon failed, though Babylon itself still stood.
Notes and citation
Summary: Parallel intervals of sixty-four years link Babylon and Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.2.5 (CSEL 5:83–84; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.2.6CSEL 5:84
discedente autem Arbato in Medos, partem regni penes se retinuere Chaldaei, qui Babylonam sibi aduersum Medos uindicauerunt.
When Arbatus withdrew to the Medes, the Chaldaeans kept part of the kingdom for themselves, and they claimed Babylon for themselves against the Medes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Chaldaeans kept Babylon.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.2.6 (CSEL 5:84; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.2.7CSEL 5:84
ita Babyloniae potestas apud Medos, proprietas apud Chaldaeos fuit: Chaldaei autem propter antiquam regiae urbis dignitatem non illam suam, sed se illius uocare maluerunt.
So the power over Babylon was with the Medes, its ownership with the Chaldaeans; but the Chaldaeans, because of the ancient dignity of the royal city, preferred to call themselves its people rather than it theirs.
Notes and citation
Summary: Power with the Medes, possession with the Chaldaeans.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.2.7 (CSEL 5:84; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.2.8CSEL 5:84–85
unde factum est, ut Nabuchodonossor ceterique post eum usque ad Cyrum reges, quamuis Chaldaeorum uiribus potentes et Babyloniae nomine clari legantur, in numero tamen et cardine regum non habentur inlustrium.
Hence it came about that Nebuchadnezzar and the other kings after him down to Cyrus, although they are read of as powerful by the strength of the Chaldaeans and famous by the name of Babylon, are nevertheless not counted in the number and rank of the illustrious kings.
Notes and citation
Summary: So Nebuchadnezzar and his successors are not counted among the great kings.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.2.8 (CSEL 5:84–85; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.2.9CSEL 5:85
Babylon itaque eo anno sub Arbato praefecto dehonorata, quo Roma sub Proca rege, ut proprie dixerim, seminata est. Babylon nouissime eo tempore a Cyro rege subuersa, quo primum Roma a Tarquiniorum regum dominatione liberata est.
So Babylon was dishonoured under the prefect Arbatus in the same year in which Rome, to speak properly, was sown under King Procas. Babylon was finally overthrown by King Cyrus at the same time as Rome was first freed from the domination of the Tarquin kings.
Notes and citation
Summary: Babylon fell to Cyrus when Rome expelled its kings.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.2.9 (CSEL 5:85; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.2.10CSEL 5:85
siquidem sub una eademque conuenientia temporum illa cecidit, ista surrexit; illa tunc primum alienorum perpessa dominatum, haec tunc primum etiam suorum aspernata fastidium, illa tunc quasi moriens dimisit hereditatem, haec uero pubescens tunc se agnouit heredem; tunc Orientis occidit et ortum est Occidentis imperium.
For at one and the same coincidence of times the one fell and the other rose: the one then first endured the domination of foreigners, the other then first spurned the arrogance even of its own; the one then, as though dying, left its inheritance, the other, coming of age, then recognized itself as heir; then the empire of the East fell and that of the West arose.
Notes and citation
Summary: Babylon's fall and Rome's rise coincided.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.2.10 (CSEL 5:85; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.2.11CSEL 5:85
Et ne diutius uerbis morer, committo me dentibus insanientium, sed ueritatis praesidio liberandum.
And not to delay longer with words, I commit myself to the teeth of madmen, but to be freed by the protection of the truth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius braves his critics, trusting in truth.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.2.11 (CSEL 5:85; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-2-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 3
2.3.1CSEL 5:85
Regnauit Ninus annis LII. cui successit, ut dixi, uxor sua Samiramis: quae cum et ipsa XLII annis regnauerit, medio imperii sui tempore Babylonam caput regni condidit.
Ninus reigned fifty-two years. He was succeeded, as I said, by his wife Semiramis; and she, who herself reigned forty-two years, in the middle of her rule founded Babylon as the capital of the kingdom.
Notes and citation
Summary: The reigns of Ninus and Semiramis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.3.1 (CSEL 5:85; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.3.2CSEL 5:85–86
ita Babylon post annos MCLX et propemodum quattuor, quam condita erat, a Medis et [ab] Arbato, rege eorum, praefecto autem suo, spoliata opibus et regno atque ipso rege priuata est: ipsa tamen postea aliquamdiu mansit incolumis.
So Babylon, 1,164 years or thereabouts after it was founded, was stripped of its wealth and kingdom and deprived of its very king by the Medes and Arbatus, their king but its own prefect; yet it remained unharmed for some time afterwards.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Babylon was despoiled by its own prefect 1,164 years after its founding.
- The editor deletes *ab* before *Arbato*.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): priuata. est → priuata est.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.3.2 (CSEL 5:85–86; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.3.3CSEL 5:86
similiter et Roma post annos totidem, hoc est MCLX et [fere] quattuor, a Gothis et Alaricho rege eorum, comite autem suo, inrupta et opibus
Likewise Rome too, after as many years, that is, 1,164, was broken into by the Goths and Alaric their king, but its own count, and stripped of its wealth,
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome was sacked by Alaric after the same span of years.
- Alaric held a Roman military command (*comes*). The editor deletes *fere* ('about') before *quattuor*. The sentence continues in 2.3.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): hoe est → hoc est.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.3.3 (CSEL 5:86; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.3.4CSEL 5:86
spoliata non regno, manet adhuc et regnat incolumis, quamuis in tantum arcanis statutis inter utramque urbem conuenientiae totius ordo seruatus sit, ut et ibi praefectus eius Arbatus regnum inuaserit et hic praefectus huius Attalus regnare temptarit; tametsi apud hanc solam merito Christiani imperatoris adtemptatio profana uacuata sit.
not of its kingdom; it still remains and reigns unharmed. Yet the order of correspondence between the two cities has been kept by hidden decrees so completely that there its prefect Arbatus seized the kingdom, and here this city's prefect Attalus tried to reign; although in this city alone, deservedly, the profane attempt was made void by the merit of a Christian emperor.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome, unlike Babylon, kept its rule; Attalus's usurpation failed.
- Priscus Attalus, prefect of Rome, was set up as emperor by Alaric in 409 and deposed under Honorius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): quanmis → quamuis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.3.4 (CSEL 5:86; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.3.5CSEL 5:86–87
Itaque haec ob hoc praecipue commemoranda credidi, ut tanto arcano ineffabilium iudiciorum Dei ex parte patefacto intellegant hi, qui insipienter utique de temporibus Christianis murmurant, unum Deum disposuisse tempora et in principio Babyloniis et in fine Romanis, illius clementiae esse, quod uiuimus, quod autem misere uiuimus, intemperantiae nostrae.
So I thought these things should be recalled chiefly for this reason: that, so great a secret of the ineffable judgments of God having been partly opened, those who murmur foolishly about Christian times may understand that one God disposed the times, both in the beginning for the Babylonians and at the end for the Romans; that it is of his mercy that we live, but of our own intemperance that we live wretchedly.
Notes and citation
Summary: One God ordered both Babylon and Rome; our misery comes from our own excess.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.3.5 (CSEL 5:86–87; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.3.6CSEL 5:87
ecce similis Babyloniae ortus et Romae, similis potentia, similis magnitudo, similia tempora, similia bona, similia mala; tamen non similis exitus similisue defectus. illa enim regnum amisit, haec retinet; illa interfectione regis orbata, haec incolumi imperatore secura est et hoc quare?
See: a like rise of Babylon and of Rome, like power, like greatness, like times, like goods, like evils; yet not a like outcome or like failing. For the one lost its kingdom, the other keeps it; the one was bereaved by the killing of its king, the other is secure with its emperor unharmed. And why is this?
Notes and citation
Summary: Babylon and Rome were alike, but their ends differ.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.3.6 (CSEL 5:87; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.3.7CSEL 5:87
quoniam ibi in rege libidinum turpitudo punita, hic Christianae religionis continentissima aequitas in rege seruata est; ibi absque religionis reuerentia auiditatem uoluptatis licentia furoris impleuit, hic et Christiani fuere, qui parcerent, et Christiani, quibus parcerent, et Christiani, propter quorum memoriam et in quorum memoria parceretur.
Because there the foulness of lusts was punished in the king, here the most self-controlled equity of the Christian religion was preserved in the king; there, without reverence for religion, the licence of fury fulfilled the greed for pleasure, here there were both Christians who spared, and Christians who were spared, and Christians on account of whose memory and in whose memorial places sparing was done.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome was spared because of Christian rulers, Goths, and martyrs.
- The Christian Goths spared those who took refuge in the basilicas of the apostles and martyrs.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.3.7 (CSEL 5:87; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.3.8CSEL 5:87
quapropter desinant religionem lacerare et lacessere patientiam Dei propter quam habent, uti et hoc quoque inpunitum habeant, si aliquando desistant.
Therefore let them cease to tear at religion and to provoke the patience of God, on account of which they have it that even this too may go unpunished, if they ever desist.
Rom 2:4 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Let the pagans stop slandering religion while God is patient.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.3.8 (CSEL 5:87; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.3.9CSEL 5:87
recolant sane mecum maiorum suorum tempora, bellis inquietissima, sceleribus exsecrabilia, dissensionibus foeda, miseriis continuatissima, quae et merito possunt horrere, quia fuerunt, et necessario debent rogare, ne sint:
Let them indeed recall with me the times of their ancestors, most restless with wars, execrable with crimes, foul with dissensions, most continuous in miseries, which they may rightly shudder at because they were, and must necessarily pray that they may not be:
Notes and citation
Summary: Let them recall the miseries of their ancestors.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.3.9 (CSEL 5:87; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.3.10CSEL 5:87–88
eum sane rogare solum Deum, qui et tunc occulta iustitia permisit, ut fierent, et nunc aperta misericordia praestat, ut non sint. quae modo a me plenius ab ipso Vrbis exordio, reuolutis per ordinem historiis, proferentur.
and pray indeed to the one God alone, who then by hidden justice allowed them to happen, and now by open mercy grants that they should not be. These things will now be set out more fully by me from the very beginning of the City, going through the histories in order.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pray to the God who now spares them; the history of Rome follows.
Topics: Prayer
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.3.10 (CSEL 5:87–88; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-3-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 4
2.4.1CSEL 5:88
Anno post euersionem Troiae CCCCXIIII, olympiade autem sexta, quae quinto demum anno quattuor in medio expletis apud Elidem Graeciae ciuitatem agone et ludis exerceri solet, urbs Roma in Italia a Romulo et Remo geminis auctoribus condita est.
In the 414th year after the overthrow of Troy, and in the sixth Olympiad (which is customarily celebrated with contests and games at Elis, a city of Greece, every fifth year, after four full years between), the city of Rome was founded in Italy by the twins Romulus and Remus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (garbled numeral in the digital text): ccccxmi → CCCCXIIII.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.1 (CSEL 5:88; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.2CSEL 5:88
cuius regnum continuo Romulus parricidio imbuit, parique successu crudelitatis sine more raptas Sabinas, inprobis nuptiis confoederatas maritorum et parentum cruore dotauit.
Romulus at once stained its kingdom with the murder of a kinsman, and with a like success of cruelty he endowed with the blood of husbands and parents the Sabine women, carried off contrary to custom and bound in shameless marriages.
Notes and citation
Summary: Romulus began with fratricide and the rape of the Sabines.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.2 (CSEL 5:88; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.3CSEL 5:88
itaque Romulus, interfecto primum auo Numitore dehinc Remo fratre, arripuit imperium Vrbemque constituit; regnum aui, muros fratris, templum soceri sanguine dedicauit; sceleratorum manum promissa inpunitate collegit.
So Romulus, having killed first his grandfather Numitor and then his brother Remus, seized power and established the City; he dedicated the kingdom of his grandfather, the walls of his brother, the temple of his father-in-law with blood; he gathered a band of criminals with a promise of impunity.
Notes and citation
Summary: Romulus founded Rome on bloodshed and an asylum for criminals.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.3 (CSEL 5:88; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.4CSEL 5:88
primus illi campus ad bellum forum Vrbis fuit, mixta simul externa ciuiliaque bella numquam defutura significans.
His first field of war was the forum of the City, signifying that foreign and civil wars mingled together would never be lacking.
Notes and citation
Summary: His first battle was in the Forum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.4 (CSEL 5:88; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.5CSEL 5:88–89
Sabinorum, quos foedere ludisque pellexerat, feminas tam inhoneste praesumpsit quam nefarie defendit.
The women of the Sabines, whom he had lured by a treaty and games, he seized as dishonourably as he defended them wickedly.
Notes and citation
Summary: The seizure of the Sabine women.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.5 (CSEL 5:88–89; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.6CSEL 5:89
ducem eorum Titum Tatium, senem honestis pietatis causis insistentem, diu armis propulsatum, mox, ut in societatem regni adsumpsit, occidit.
Their leader Titus Tatius, an old man pressing honourable claims of family duty, he long repelled by arms, and soon, when he had taken him into partnership of the kingdom, killed him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Romulus killed his co-ruler Titus Tatius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.6 (CSEL 5:89; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.7CSEL 5:89
cum Veientibus proelium adhuc paruo nomine, iam magnis uiribus, agitatum. Caeninensium captum ac dirutum oppidum.
A battle was fought with the Veientes, then small in name but already great in strength. The town of the Caeninenses was taken and destroyed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Wars with Veii and Caenina.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.7 (CSEL 5:89; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.8CSEL 5:89
adsumptis semel armis numquam quies, quippe quibus egestas turpis atque obscena fames domi timerentur, si umquam paci adquieuissent. iam hinc incessabilia certamina et iuxta quantitatem uirium semper grauia quam breuissime strinxerim:
Once arms were taken up there was never rest, since for them shameful want and foul hunger were to be feared at home if they ever settled down to peace. From here on I shall touch as briefly as possible the unceasing contests, always heavy in proportion to the measure of their strength:
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome was never at rest from war.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.8 (CSEL 5:89; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.9CSEL 5:89
Tullum Hostilium militaris rei institutorem fiducia bene exercitae iuuentutis Albanis intulisse bellum et diu altrinsecus spe incerta, certa clade, tandem pessimos exitus et dubios euentus conpendiosa tergeminorum congressione finisse:
that Tullus Hostilius, founder of military discipline, trusting in his well-trained youth, made war on the Albans, and that, after long uncertain hope and certain slaughter on both sides, he at last ended the worst results and doubtful outcomes by the short-cut of the combat of the triplets;
Notes and citation
Summary: Tullus Hostilius and the combat of the Horatii and Curiatii.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Tnllum → Tullum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.9 (CSEL 5:89; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.10CSEL 5:89–90
rursus pace disrupta Mettum Fufetium Fidenate bello, meditata etiam proditione suspensum, curribus in diuersa raptantibus duplicis animi noxam poena diuisi corporis expendisse:
that, the peace again broken, Mettius Fufetius, in suspense in the war with Fidenae and planning treachery as well, paid for the guilt of a double mind by the punishment of a body torn apart by chariots dragging it in opposite directions;
Notes and citation
Summary: The traitor Mettius Fufetius was torn apart by chariots.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.10 (CSEL 5:89–90; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.11CSEL 5:90
Latinos Anco Marcio duce saepe congressos, aliquando superatos: Tarquinium Priscum omnes finitimos et potentes tunc Tusciae duodecim populos innumeris concidisse conflictibus: Veientes Seruio Tullio insistente uictos fuisse nec domitos:
that the Latins, under the leadership of Ancus Marcius, often fought and were sometimes overcome; that Tarquinius Priscus cut down all his neighbours, and the twelve peoples of Etruria, powerful then, in countless conflicts; that the Veientes, under the pressure of Servius Tullius, were defeated but not subdued;
Notes and citation
Summary: Wars of Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, and Servius Tullius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): uiotos → uictos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.11 (CSEL 5:90; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.12CSEL 5:90
Tarquinii Superbi regnum occisi soceri scelere adsumptum, habita in ciues crudelitate detentum, flagitio adulteratae Lucretiae amissum, et inter domestica uitia uirtutesque forinsecus emicantes, id est oppida ualida in Latio per eum capta Ardeam Oricolum Suessam Pometiamque et quidquid in Gabios uel fraude propria uel poena filii uel Romanis uiribus perpetrauit.
that the kingdom of Tarquinius Superbus was taken by the crime of murdering his father-in-law, held by cruelty against the citizens, and lost by the outrage of the violated Lucretia; and, among his domestic vices and the virtues that shone out abroad, the strong towns of Latium taken by him, Ardea, Oricolum, Suessa and Pometia, and whatever he did against Gabii by his own fraud, by his son's punishment, or by Roman strength.
Notes and citation
Summary: The reign and fall of Tarquinius Superbus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.12 (CSEL 5:90; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.13CSEL 5:90–91
sed Romani quanta mala per CCXLIII annos continua illa regum dominatione pertulerint, non solum unius regis expulsio uerum etiam eiuratio regii nominis et potestatis ostendit.
But how great evils the Romans endured through 243 years of that continuous domination of kings is shown not only by the expulsion of one king but also by their abjuring the royal name and power.
Notes and citation
Summary: The abolition of kingship shows how much Rome suffered under kings.
- The digital text reads CCCLIII; the regal period is 243 years (CCXLIII; cf. 2.5.1, 'the 244th year').
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (numeral garbled in the digital text (the regal period is 243 years, cf. 2.5.1)): per CCCLIII annos → per CCXLIII annos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.13 (CSEL 5:90–91; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.14CSEL 5:91
nam si mins tantum superbia fuisset in culpa, ipsum solum oportuisset expelli seruata regia dignitate melioribus.
For if only his pride had been at fault, he alone should have been expelled, the royal dignity being kept for better men.
Notes and citation
Summary: Otherwise only Tarquin would have been expelled.
- The digital text reads *si mins*; the sense requires 'his' (probably *eius*), and it is translated so.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.14 (CSEL 5:91; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.4.15CSEL 5:91
igitur regibus Vrbe propulsis Romani, consulendum sibi quam cuiquam suae libertati dominandum rati, consules creauerunt: quibus ueluti adulta reipublicae crescentis aetas robustioribus ausis exercebatur.
So when the kings had been driven from the City, the Romans, thinking it better to take counsel for themselves than to let anyone lord it over their liberty, created consuls; under them, as in the grown-up age of the growing commonwealth, it was exercised in more vigorous ventures.
Notes and citation
Summary: After the kings Rome created consuls.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): igitnr → igitur.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.4.15 (CSEL 5:91; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-4-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 5
2.5.1CSEL 5:91
Anno post Vrbem conditam CCXLIIII Brutus primus apud Romanos consul primum conditorem regemque Romae non solum exaequare parricidio sed et uincere studuit; quippe duos filios suos adulescentes totidemque uxoris suae fratres, Vitellios iuuenes, reuocandorum in Vrbem regum placito insimulatos, in contionem pretraxit, uirgis cecidit securique percussit,
In the 244th year after the founding of the City, Brutus, the first consul among the Romans, strove not only to equal but even to surpass the first founder and king of Rome in the murder of kin: for he dragged before the assembly his two young sons and as many brothers of his wife, the young Vitellii, accused of a plot to recall the kings to the City, beat them with rods and struck them with the axe;
Notes and citation
Summary: Brutus executed his own sons and in-laws.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips): non salum → non solum; sues adnlescentes → suos adulescentes; iuucnes → iuuenes; plaoito → placito.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.5.1 (CSEL 5:91; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.5.2CSEL 5:91–92
ipse deinde Veientum Tarquiniensiumque bello cum Arrunte, Superbi filio, congresso sibi commortuoque procubuit.
then he himself, in the war with the Veientes and Tarquinienses, fell together with Arruns, son of Superbus, who met him in combat and died with him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Brutus and Arruns killed each other.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.5.2 (CSEL 5:91–92; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.5.3CSEL 5:92
Porsenna rex Etruscorum, grauissimus regii nominis suffragator, Tarquinium manu ingerens, tribus continuis annis trepidam urbem terruit conclusit obsedit; et nisi hostem uel Mucius constanti urendae manus patientia uel uirgo Cloelia admirabili transmeati fluminis audacia permouissent, profecto Romani conpulsi forent perpeti aut captiuitatem hoste insistente superati, aut seruitutem recepto rege subiecti.
Porsenna, king of the Etruscans, a most weighty supporter of the royal name, forcing Tarquin back on them, terrified, shut in and besieged the trembling city for three years in a row; and had not either Mucius, by his steady endurance in burning his hand, or the maiden Cloelia, by her wonderful daring in crossing the river, moved the enemy, the Romans would surely have been forced to endure either captivity, overcome by the pressing enemy, or slavery, subjected to the restored king.
Notes and citation
Summary: Porsenna besieged Rome; Mucius and Cloelia saved it.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.5.3 (CSEL 5:92; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.5.4CSEL 5:92
post haec Sabini conrasis undique copiis magno apparatu belli Romam contendunt. quo metu consternati Romani dictatorem creant, cuius auctoritas et potentia consulem praeiret; quae res in illo tunc bello plurimum emolumenti tulit.
After this the Sabines, gathering forces from everywhere, marched on Rome with a great preparation of war. Dismayed by this fear, the Romans created a dictator, whose authority and power would outrank a consul; and this was of the greatest advantage in that war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Against the Sabines Rome created a dictator.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Sabmi → Sabini.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.5.4 (CSEL 5:92; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.5.5CSEL 5:92–93
Sequitur discessio plebis a patribus, cum, M. Valerio dictatore dilectum militum agente, uariis populus stimulatus iniuriis Sacrum Montem insedit armatus. qua pernicie quid atrocius, cum corpus a capite desectum perditionem eius, per quod inspirabat, meditaretur? actumque de Romano nomine intestina pernicie foret, nisi maturata reconciliatio subrepsisset prius quam se discessio ipsa cognosceret.
There follows the secession of the plebs from the patricians, when, while the dictator Marcus Valerius was holding a levy of soldiers, the people, goaded by various injuries, occupied the Sacred Mount in arms. What could be more atrocious than this ruin, when the body, cut off from the head, was planning the destruction of that through which it breathed? And the Roman name would have been finished by an internal ruin, had not a timely reconciliation crept in before the secession itself knew what it was.
Notes and citation
Summary: The secession of the plebs nearly destroyed Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.5.5 (CSEL 5:92–93; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.5.6CSEL 5:93
urguet se atque inminet sibi extra illas apertas bellorum clades successu misero clandestina pernicies: quippe T. Gesonio et P. Minucio consulibus duo uel maxima omnium malorum abominamenta, fames et pestilentia fessam Vrbem corripuere. Cessatum est paulisper a proeliis, cessatum tamen a mortibus non est.
Beyond those open disasters of wars, a hidden ruin presses on and threatens with wretched succession: for in the consulship of Titus Geganius and Publius Minucius the two greatest abominations of all evils, famine and pestilence, seized the weary City. There was a short respite from battles; yet there was no respite from deaths.
Notes and citation
Summary: Famine and plague struck Rome.
- The digital text spells the consul *Gesonio*.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): abomiamenta → abominamenta; Cessaum est → Cessatum est.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.5.6 (CSEL 5:93; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.5.7CSEL 5:93–94
Veientes Etrusci graues hostes adiunctis sibi finitimorum copiis in bella surgentes obuiis M. Fabio et Cn. Manlio consulibus excipiuntur: ubi post sacramentum iurationis, quo se Romani deuouerant non nisi post uictoriam ad castra redituros, adeo atrox certamen fuit et uictis uictoribusque par forma, ut, amisso plurimo exercitu occisisque in pugna Manlio consule et Fabio consulari, M. Fabius consul oblatum sibi a senatu triumphum suscipere recusarit, quia tantis reipublicae detrimentis luctus potius debebatur.
The Veientes, grievous Etruscan enemies, rising to war with the forces of their neighbours joined to them, were met by the consuls Marcus Fabius and Gnaeus Manlius: there, after the military oath by which the Romans had vowed not to return to camp except after victory, the battle was so fierce and the condition of vanquished and victors so equal that, with the greatest part of the army lost and the consul Manlius and the ex-consul Fabius killed in the fight, the consul Marcus Fabius refused to accept the triumph offered him by the senate, because mourning rather was owed for such great losses to the commonwealth.
Notes and citation
Summary: A costly battle with Veii; Fabius refused a triumph.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.5.7 (CSEL 5:93–94; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.5.8CSEL 5:94
Gloriosissima illa numero et uiribus Fabiorum familia Veientanum sortita certamen quantam reipublicae orbitatem occasu suo intulerit, infamibus usque ad nunc uocabulis testes sunt fluuius qui perdidit et porta quae misit.
How great a bereavement that family of the Fabii, most glorious in number and strength, brought upon the commonwealth by its fall, after it had been allotted the contest with Veii, the river that destroyed them and the gate that sent them out are witnesses, with names infamous to this day.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fall of the Fabii is remembered by a river and a gate.
- The river Cremera and the Porta Carmentalis, called the 'Accursed Gate'.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.5.8 (CSEL 5:94; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.5.9CSEL 5:94
nam cum sex et trecenti Fabii, uere clarissima Romani status lumina, speciale sibi aduersum Veientes decerni bellum expetiuissent, spem temere sumptae expeditionis primis successibus firmauerunt: dehinc inducti in insidias circumuentique ab hostibus, omnes ibidem trucidati sunt, uno tantum ad enuntiandam cladem reseruato, ut miserius audiret patria perditos, quam perdidisset.
For when three hundred and six Fabii, truly the most brilliant lights of the Roman state, had asked that a war against the Veientes be decreed to them alone, they strengthened by first successes the hope of an expedition rashly undertaken; then, drawn into an ambush and surrounded by the enemy, they were all slaughtered there, only one being kept to announce the disaster, so that the fatherland might more wretchedly hear of those lost than it had lost them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Three hundred and six Fabii perished in ambush.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nam cmn → nam cum; adnersum → aduersum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.5.9 (CSEL 5:94; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.5.10CSEL 5:94
ad haec non Romae tantum talia gerebantur, sed quaeque prouincia suis ignibus aestuabat et, quod poeta praecipuus in una urbe descripsit, ego de toto orbe dixerim: crudelis ubique Luctus, ubique pauor et plurima mortis imago.
Nor were such things done at Rome only, but every province seethed with its own fires; and what the foremost poet described in one city, I would say of the whole world: "Everywhere cruel grief, everywhere fear, and very many a form of death."
Notes and citation
Summary: Every land suffered like Rome.
- Virgil, *Aeneid* 2.368–369.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): noa Romae → non Romae.
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil, Aen. 2.368 (Virgil; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.5.10 (CSEL 5:94; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-5-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 6
2.6.1CSEL 5:94–95
Igitur eodem tempore Cyrus, Rex Persarum — quem superius explicandae historiae causa commemoraueram, qui tunc Asiam Scythiam totumque Orientem armis peruagabatur, cum Tarquinius Superbus Vrbem uel rex uel hostis aut seruitio premebat aut bello —
So at the same time Cyrus, king of the Persians (whom I mentioned above for the sake of setting out the history, who was then ranging through Asia, Scythia and the whole East with arms, while Tarquinius Superbus, as king or as enemy, was pressing the City either with slavery or with war),
Notes and citation
Summary: Cyrus's conquests in the time of Tarquin.
- The sentence resumes in 2.6.2.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.1 (CSEL 5:94–95; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.2CSEL 5:95
Cyrus, ut dixi, cunctis aduersum quos ierat perdomitis, Assyrios et Babylonam petit, gentem urbemque tunc cunctis opulentiorem; sed impetum eius Gyndes fluuius, secundae post Euphraten magnitudinis, intercepit.
Cyrus, as I said, having subdued all against whom he had gone, attacked the Assyrians and Babylon, a people and a city then richer than all; but his onset was checked by the river Gyndes, second in size after the Euphrates.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cyrus marched on Babylon but was stopped by the Gyndes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.2 (CSEL 5:95; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.3CSEL 5:95
nam unum regiorum equorum candore formaque excellentem, transmeandi fiducia persuasum, qua per rapacem alueum offensi uado uertices attollebantur, abreptum praecipitatumque merserunt.
For one of the royal horses, outstanding in whiteness and form, induced by confidence in swimming across, was seized and plunged down and drowned by the whirlpools which rose up where the rushing channel struck the ford.
Notes and citation
Summary: The river drowned one of Cyrus's horses.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): tranameandi → transmeandi.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.3 (CSEL 5:95; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.4CSEL 5:95–96
rex iratus ulcisci in amnem statuit, contestans eum, qui nunc praeclarum equum uorauisset, feminis uix genua tinguentibus permeabilem relinquendum. nec peragendo segnior totis copiis perpeti anno Gynden fluuium per magnas concisum deductumque fossas in quadringentos sexaginta alueos comminuit.
The king, angered, resolved to take vengeance on the river, declaring that the one which had now swallowed a splendid horse should be left fordable by women barely wetting their knees. Nor was he slower in carrying it out: with all his forces, in a whole year, he cut the river Gyndes through great ditches, drew it off, and broke it into four hundred and sixty channels.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cyrus punished the river by dividing it into 460 channels.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): rex uratus → rex iratus; in anmem → in amnem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.4 (CSEL 5:95–96; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.5CSEL 5:96
eo opere praedoctis fossoribus, etiam Euphraten longe ualidissimum et mediam Babyloniam interfluentem deriuauit.
With diggers trained by that work, he also diverted the Euphrates, by far the strongest river, which flows through the middle of Babylon.
Notes and citation
Summary: He also diverted the Euphrates.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.5 (CSEL 5:96; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.6CSEL 5:96
ac sic meabilibus uadis siccum etiam patentibus aluei partibus iter fecit, cepitque urbem, quam uel humano opere exstrui potuisse uel humana uirtute destrui posse utrumque paene incredibile apud mortales erat.
And so, with fordable shallows and the parts of the channel lying open, he made a dry way and took the city which, among mortals, it was almost equally incredible could have been built by human work or destroyed by human strength.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cyrus entered Babylon through the dry riverbed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.6 (CSEL 5:96; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.7CSEL 5:96
namque Babylonam a Nebrot gigante fundatam, a Nino uel Samiramide reparatam multi prodidere.
For many have reported that Babylon was founded by the giant Nebroth and restored by Ninus or Semiramis.
Gen 10:9 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Babylon was founded by the giant Nimrod.
- Nebroth is Nimrod (Gen 10:8–10, LXX 'giant').
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.7 (CSEL 5:96; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.8CSEL 5:96
haec campi planitie undique conspicua, natura loci laetissima, castrorum facie moenibus paribus per quadrum disposita. murorum eius uix credibilis relatu firmitas et magnitudo, id est latitudine cubitorum quinquaginta, altitudine quater tanta.
It was visible on every side on the level of a plain, most fertile by the nature of the place, laid out like a camp in a square with equal walls. The strength and size of its walls is scarcely credible to tell: fifty cubits broad and four times as high.
Notes and citation
Summary: Babylon's walls were fifty cubits broad and two hundred high.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.8 (CSEL 5:96; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.9CSEL 5:96
Ceterum ambitus eius quadringentis octoginta stadiis circumuenitur. murus coctili latere atque interfuso bitumine conpactus, fossa extrinsecus late patens uice amnis circumfluit.
Its circuit is four hundred and eighty stadia. The wall, compacted of baked brick with bitumen poured between, is surrounded on the outside by a wide ditch that flows round like a river.
Notes and citation
Summary: Its circuit, wall, and moat.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Geterum → Ceterum; quadnngentis → quadringentis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.9 (CSEL 5:96; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.10CSEL 5:96–97
a fronte murorum centum portae aereae. ipsa autem latitudo in consummatione pinnarum utroque latere habitaculis defensorum aeque dispositis, media intercapedine sui citas quadrigas capit. domus intrinsecus quatergeminae habitationis minaci proceritate mirabiles.
In the face of the walls are a hundred bronze gates. The breadth itself at the top of the battlements, with quarters for the defenders arranged equally on either side, takes swift four-horse chariots in the space between. Within, the houses of fourfold storeys are wonderful for their threatening height.
Notes and citation
Summary: Its hundred bronze gates and lofty houses.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.10 (CSEL 5:96–97; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.11CSEL 5:97
et tamen magna illa Babylon, illa prima post reparationem humani generis condita, nunc paene etiam minima mora uicta, capta subuersa est.
And yet that great Babylon, the first founded after the restoration of the human race, was now conquered almost with the least delay, taken and overthrown.
Notes and citation
Summary: Yet great Babylon fell quickly.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): uicta. capta → uicta, capta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.11 (CSEL 5:97; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.12CSEL 5:97
ibi tunc Croesus rex Lydorum famosus opibus cum ad auxiliandum Babyloniis uenisset, uictus sollicite in regnum refugit. Cyrus autem posteaquam Babylonam ut hostis inuasit ut uictor euertit ut rex disposuit, bellum transtulit in Lydiam; ubi conterritum superiore iam proelio exercitum nullo negotio superauit. ipsum etiam Croesum cepit captumque et uita et patrimonio donauit.
There then Croesus, king of the Lydians, famous for his wealth, having come to help the Babylonians, was defeated and fled anxiously to his kingdom. But Cyrus, after he had invaded Babylon as enemy, overthrown it as victor and ordered it as king, carried the war into Lydia, where he overcame without trouble an army already terrified by the earlier battle. He also took Croesus himself, and when he had taken him gave him both his life and his patrimony.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cyrus defeated and spared Croesus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): tnnc Croesns rez → tunc Croesus rex.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.12 (CSEL 5:97; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.13CSEL 5:97–98
Exaggerare hoc loco mutabilium rerum instabiles status non opus est: quidquid enim est opere et manu factum, labi et consumi uetustate, Babylon capta confirmat; cuius ut primum imperium ac potentissimum extitit ita et primum cessit, ut ueluti quodam iure succedentis aetatis debita posteris traderetur hereditas, ipsis quoque eandem tradendi formulam seruaturis.
There is no need here to exaggerate the unstable states of changeable things: for that whatever is made by labour and hand slips and is consumed by age, captured Babylon confirms; as its empire arose first and most powerful, so it also gave way first, so that, as by a kind of right of the succeeding age, the inheritance owed might be handed to those who came after, who themselves would keep the same pattern of handing on.
Notes and citation
Summary: Babylon's fall shows that all human works pass away.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): mstabiles → instabiles.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.13 (CSEL 5:97–98; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.6.14CSEL 5:98
ita ad proxima aduentantis Cyri temptamenta succubuit magna Babylon et ingens Lydia, amplissima Orientis cum capite suo bracchia unius proelii expeditione ceciderunt: et nostri incircumspecta anxietate causantur, si potentissimae illae quondam Romanae reipublicae moles nunc magis inbecillitate propriae senectutis quam alienis concussae uiribus contremescunt.
So at the first attempts of Cyrus's approach great Babylon and vast Lydia succumbed; the widest arms of the East, together with their head, fell in the campaign of a single battle; and our people complain with unconsidered anxiety if the mass of that once most powerful Roman commonwealth now trembles, shaken more by the weakness of its own old age than by the strength of others.
Notes and citation
Summary: Babylon and Lydia fell in one campaign; Rome only trembles in old age.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): suooubuit → succubuit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.6.14 (CSEL 5:98; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-6-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 7
2.7.1CSEL 5:98
Igitur idem Cyrus proximi temporis successu Scythis bellum intulit. quem Thamyris regina quae tunc genti praeerat cum prohibere transitu Araxis fluminis posset, transire permisit, primum propter fiduciam sui, dehinc propter opportunitatem ex obiectu fluminis hostis inclusi.
Then the same Cyrus, in the success of the following time, made war on the Scythians. Queen Thamyris, who then ruled the nation, though she could have prevented him from crossing the river Araxes, allowed him to cross, first from confidence in herself, then because of the advantage of having the enemy shut in by the barrier of the river.
Notes and citation
Summary: Queen Thamyris let Cyrus cross into Scythia.
- Thamyris is Tomyris in Herodotus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.7.1 (CSEL 5:98; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.7.2CSEL 5:98–99
Cyrus itaque Scythiam ingressus, procul a transmisso flumine castra metatus, insuper astu eadem instructa uino epulisque deseruit, quasi territus refugisset. hoc conperto regina tertiam partem copiarum et filium adulescentulum ad persequendum Cyrum mittit.
So Cyrus entered Scythia, pitched camp far from the river he had crossed, and moreover by a trick abandoned that camp furnished with wine and feasts, as if he had fled in terror. On learning this the queen sent a third of her forces and her young son to pursue Cyrus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cyrus left a camp full of wine as a trap.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.7.2 (CSEL 5:98–99; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.7.3CSEL 5:99
barbari ueluti ad epulas inuitati ebrietate uincuntur, mox reuertente Cyro uniuersi cum adulescente obtruncantur.
The barbarians, as though invited to a feast, were overcome by drunkenness; soon, Cyrus returning, all were cut down together with the youth.
Notes and citation
Summary: The drunken Scythians and the queen's son were slaughtered.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.7.3 (CSEL 5:99; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.7.4CSEL 5:99
Thamyris exercitu ac filio amisso uel matris uel reginae dolorem sanguine hostium diluere potius quam suis lacrimis parat. simulat diffidentiam desperatione cladis inlatae, paulatimque cedendo superbum hostem in insidias uocat.
Thamyris, having lost her army and her son, prepared to wash away the grief of mother and queen with the blood of the enemy rather than with her own tears. She feigned lack of confidence as though in despair at the disaster inflicted, and by gradually giving ground lured the proud enemy into an ambush.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thamyris lured Cyrus into an ambush.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): exereitn → exercitu.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.7.4 (CSEL 5:99; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.7.5CSEL 5:99
ibi quippe conpositis inter montes insidiis ducenta milia Persarum cum ipso rege deleuit, adjecta super omnia illius rei admiratione, quod ne nuntius quidem tantae cladis superfuit.
There, with an ambush laid among the mountains, she destroyed two hundred thousand Persians together with the king himself, with this wonder added above all, that not even a messenger of so great a disaster survived.
Notes and citation
Summary: She destroyed Cyrus and two hundred thousand Persians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.7.5 (CSEL 5:99; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.7.6CSEL 5:99
regina caput Cyri amputari atque in utrem humano sanguine oppletum coici iubet non muliebriter increpitans: Satia te, inquit, sanguine quem sitisti, cuius per annos triginta insatiabilis perseuerasti.
The queen ordered Cyrus's head to be cut off and thrown into a wineskin filled with human blood, taunting him not like a woman: "Sate yourself," she said, "with the blood you thirsted for, of which you were insatiable for thirty years."
Notes and citation
Summary: Thamyris put Cyrus's head in a skin of blood.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips; stray comma): oaput Gyri → caput Cyri; sanguine quem, sitisti → sanguine quem sitisti.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.7.6 (CSEL 5:99; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-7-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 8
2.8.1CSEL 5:99
Anno ab Vrbe condita CCXLV Darius Cyro apud Scythas interfecto post aliquantum interuallum sorte regnum adeptus est.
In the 245th year from the founding of the City, Darius, after Cyrus had been killed among the Scythians, obtained the kingdom by lot after some interval.
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius became king of Persia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip and stray comma): Soythas, interfecto → Scythas interfecto.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.1 (CSEL 5:99; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.2CSEL 5:99–100
regnauit enim medius eorum Cambyses Cyri filius; qui deuicta Aegypto cunctam Aegypti religionem abominatus caerimonias eius et templa deposuit.
For between them reigned Cambyses, son of Cyrus, who, having conquered Egypt, abominating all the religion of Egypt, abolished its ceremonies and temples.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cambyses conquered Egypt and destroyed its temples.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.2 (CSEL 5:99–100; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.3CSEL 5:100
post hunc etiam magi sub nomine quem occiderant regis regno obrepere ausi; qui quidem mox deprehensi et oppressi sunt.
After him the Magi too dared to creep into the kingdom under the name of the king they had killed; but they were soon discovered and crushed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Magi usurped the throne and were overthrown.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.3 (CSEL 5:100; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.4CSEL 5:100
Darius itaque, unus ex his qui magorum audaciam ferro coercuerant, consensu omnium rex creatus est. qui postquam Assyrios ac Babylonam a Persarum regno deficientem bello recuperauit, Antyro, regi Scytharum, hac uel maxime causa bellum intulit, quod filiae eius petitas sibi nuptias non obtinuisset.
So Darius, one of those who had checked the daring of the Magi with the sword, was made king by the consent of all. After he had recovered by war the Assyrians and Babylon, which were revolting from the kingdom of the Persians, he made war on Antyrus, king of the Scythians, chiefly for this reason: that he had not obtained the marriage he sought with his daughter.
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius made war on the Scythian king who refused him his daughter.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.4 (CSEL 5:100; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.5CSEL 5:100
magna scilicet necessitas, pro unius libidine hominis septingenta milia uirorum periculo mortis exponi. incredibili quippe apparatu cum septingentis milibus armatorum Scythiam ingressus, non facientibus hostibus iustae pugnae potestatem,
A great necessity indeed, that for the lust of one man seven hundred thousand men should be exposed to the danger of death! For with an incredible preparation he entered Scythia with seven hundred thousand armed men, and as the enemy gave him no chance of a regular battle,
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius invaded Scythia with seven hundred thousand men.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.5 (CSEL 5:100; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.6CSEL 5:100–101
insuper repentinis incursibus extrema copiarum dilacerantibus, metuens ne sibi reditus interrupto ponte Histri fluminis negaretur, amissis octoginta milibus bellatorum trepidus refugit, quamuis hunc amissorum numerum inter damna non duxerit, et, quem habendum uix quisquam ambire ausus esset, perditum ille non sensit.
and moreover tore at the rear of his forces with sudden raids, fearing that his return would be denied him if the bridge over the river Hister were broken, he fled in alarm, having lost eighty thousand fighting men; yet he did not count this number of the lost among his losses, and he did not feel the loss of what scarcely anyone else would have dared to aspire to have.
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius fled Scythia, losing eighty thousand men, and did not care.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.6 (CSEL 5:100–101; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.7CSEL 5:101
inde Asiam Macedoniamque adgressus perdomuit. Ionas quoque nauali congressione superauit. deinde in Athenienses, cur Ionas aduersum se auxilio iuuissent, impetum fecit atque arma direxit.
From there he attacked and subdued Asia and Macedonia. He also overcame the Ionians in a naval engagement. Then he attacked the Athenians and directed his arms against them because they had given help to the Ionians against him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius conquered Asia Minor and Macedonia and turned on Athens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.7 (CSEL 5:101; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.8CSEL 5:101
porro autem Athenienses ubi aduentare Darium conpererunt, quamuis auxilium a Lacedaemoniis poposcissent, tamen, cum detineri Persas quadriduanae religionis otio conpertum haberent, spem occasione sumentes instructis tantum decem milibus ciuium et Plataeensibus auxiliaribus mille aduersum sescenta milia hostium campis Marathoniis proruperunt.
But the Athenians, when they learned that Darius was approaching, although they had asked help from the Lacedaemonians, nevertheless, having learned that the Persians were held back by the rest of a four-day religious observance, took hope from the opportunity and, drawing up only ten thousand citizens and a thousand Plataean auxiliaries, burst out against six hundred thousand of the enemy on the plains of Marathon.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ten thousand Athenians faced six hundred thousand Persians at Marathon.
- Orosius says the Persians were held back by the festival; in Herodotus it is the Spartans who delayed for religious reasons.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.8 (CSEL 5:101; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.9CSEL 5:101
Miltiades ei tunc bello praefuit, qui celeritate magis quam uirtute fretus alacri satis expeditione prius hosti comminus inhaesit quam posset expedito sagittarum iactu propulsari.
Miltiades commanded in that war; relying on speed rather than on courage, in a sufficiently swift onset he closed with the enemy before he could be driven back by an unhindered shower of arrows.
Notes and citation
Summary: Miltiades charged before the Persian archers could act.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.9 (CSEL 5:101; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.10CSEL 5:101–102
tanta in eo bello diuersitas certandi fuit, ut ex alia parte uiri ad occidendum parati, ex alia pecudes ad moriendum praeparatae putarentur.
So great was the difference in fighting in that war that on one side there seemed to be men ready to kill, on the other cattle prepared to die.
Notes and citation
Summary: The battle was a slaughter.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray colon): in: eo → in eo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.10 (CSEL 5:101–102; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.11CSEL 5:102
ducenta milia Persarum apud campos Marathonios ea tempestate ceciderunt.
Two hundred thousand Persians fell on the plains of Marathon at that time.
Notes and citation
Summary: Two hundred thousand Persians fell at Marathon.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.11 (CSEL 5:102; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.12CSEL 5:102
sensit Darius hoc damnum: nam uictus fugatusque arreptis nauibus refugit in Persas.
Darius felt this loss: for, defeated and put to flight, he seized his ships and fled back to Persia.
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius fled home.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.12 (CSEL 5:102; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.8.13CSEL 5:102
cum autem instauraret bellum et ulcisci in uictores moliretur, in ipso apparatu concidit olympiade LXXIIII, hoc est post Vrbem conditam anno CCLXXV, quo tempore Romae Popilia uirgo ob crimen stupri uiua defossa est.
But while he was renewing the war and striving for vengeance on the victors, he died in the midst of the preparation, in the 74th Olympiad, that is, in the 275th year after the founding of the City, at which time at Rome the virgin Popilia was buried alive for the crime of unchastity.
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius died preparing a new war.
- Popilia was a Vestal Virgin.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.8.13 (CSEL 5:102; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-8-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 9
2.9.1CSEL 5:102
Xerxes Dario patri in regnum succedens bellum aduersus Graeciam a patre susceptum per quinquennium instruxit; quod Demaratus Lacedaemonius, qui tunc forte apud Xerxen exulabat, per tabellas primum scriptas deinde ceratas suis prodidit.
Xerxes, succeeding his father Darius in the kingdom, prepared for five years the war against Greece undertaken by his father; Demaratus the Lacedaemonian, who was then by chance living in exile with Xerxes, betrayed this to his countrymen by tablets first written and then covered with wax.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xerxes prepared war; Demaratus warned Sparta by hidden tablets.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): qugd → quod.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.9.1 (CSEL 5:102; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.9.2CSEL 5:102–103
igitur Xerxes septingenta milia armatorum de regno et trecenta de auxiliis, rostratas etiam naues mille ducentas, onerarias autem tria milia numero habuisse narratur; ut merito inopinato exercitu inmensaeque classi uix ad potum flumina, uix terras ad ingressum, uix maria ad cursum suffecisse memoratum sit.
So Xerxes is said to have had seven hundred thousand armed men from his kingdom and three hundred thousand from auxiliaries, and also twelve hundred beaked ships and three thousand transports; so that it is rightly recorded that for the unheard-of army and the immense fleet the rivers scarcely sufficed for drinking, the lands for marching, the seas for sailing.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xerxes' enormous army and fleet.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.9.2 (CSEL 5:102–103; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.9.3CSEL 5:103
huic tam incredibili temporibus nostris agmini, cuius numerum nunc difficilius est adstrui quam tunc fuit uinci, Leonida rex Spartanorum cum quattuor milibus hominum in angustiis Thermopylarum obstitit.
This column, so incredible in our times, whose number is now harder to establish than it was then to defeat, Leonidas, king of the Spartans, withstood with four thousand men in the narrows of Thermopylae.
Notes and citation
Summary: Leonidas held Thermopylae with four thousand men.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.9.3 (CSEL 5:103; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.9.4CSEL 5:103
Xerxes autem contemptu paucitatis obiectae iniri pugnam, conseri manum imperat. porro illi, quorum cognati et commanipulares in campis Marathoniis occubuerant, et certaminis simul et cladis exstitere principium.
Xerxes, scorning the small number set against him, ordered battle to be joined and hand-to-hand fighting begun. Moreover, those whose kinsmen and comrades had fallen on the plains of Marathon were the beginning both of the battle and of the slaughter.
Notes and citation
Summary: The first Persian attackers were slaughtered.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.9.4 (CSEL 5:103; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.9.5CSEL 5:103
deinde succedens sibi turba maior ac segnior, cum iam neque ad procurrendum libera neque ad pugnandum expedita neque ad fugiendum prompta solis mortibus subrigeretur, triduo continuo non duorum pugna, sed caedes unius populi fuit.
Then a larger and more sluggish crowd succeeded them, and since, being neither free to charge, nor unencumbered to fight, nor ready to flee, it was propped up only by deaths, for three days on end it was not a battle of two peoples but the slaughter of one.
Notes and citation
Summary: For three days the Persians were slaughtered.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.9.5 (CSEL 5:103; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.9.6CSEL 5:103–104
quarto autem die cum uideret Leonida undique hostem circumfundi hortatur auxiliares socios, ut subtrahentes se pugnae in cacumen montis euadant ac se ad meliora tempora reseruent; sibi uero cum Spartanis suis aliam sortem esse subeundam: plus se patriae debere quam uitae.
But on the fourth day, when Leonidas saw the enemy pouring round on every side, he urged his allied auxiliaries to withdraw from the battle, escape to the mountain top and keep themselves for better times; but he and his Spartans must undergo another lot: he owed more to his country than to his life.
Notes and citation
Summary: Leonidas dismissed his allies and stayed with the Spartans.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.9.6 (CSEL 5:103–104; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.9.7CSEL 5:104
dimissis sociis Spartanos admonet, de gloria plurimum, de uita nihil sperandum; neque exspectandum uel hostem uel diem, sed occasione noctis perrumpenda castra, conmiscenda arma, conturbanda agmina fore; nusquam uictores honestius quam in castris hostium esse perituros.
Having dismissed the allies, he advised the Spartans that they should hope for very much glory and nothing of life; that they should wait neither for the enemy nor for day, but under cover of night they must break into the camp, mingle arms, throw the columns into confusion; nowhere would victors perish more honourably than in the enemy's camp.
Notes and citation
Summary: Leonidas planned a night attack on the Persian camp.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.9.7 (CSEL 5:104; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.9.8CSEL 5:104
persuasi igitur mori malle, in ultionem futurae mortis armantur tamquam ipsi interitum suum et exigerent et uindicarent. mirum dictu sescenti uiri castra sescentorum milium inrumpunt.
Persuaded, then, to prefer death, they armed themselves to avenge their coming death, as though they were both exacting and avenging their own destruction. Wonderful to say, six hundred men broke into the camp of six hundred thousand.
Notes and citation
Summary: Six hundred Spartans attacked the camp of six hundred thousand.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): diotu → dictu.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.9.8 (CSEL 5:104; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.9.9CSEL 5:104
tumultus totis castris oritur. Persae quoque ipsi Spartanos adiuuant mutuis caedibus suis. Spartani quaerentes regem nec inuenientes caedunt sternuntque omnia, castra peruagantur uniuersa et inter densas strues corporum raros homines uix sequuntur: uictores sine dubio, nisi mori elegissent.
Uproar arose through the whole camp. The Persians themselves also helped the Spartans by killing one another. The Spartans, seeking the king and not finding him, cut down and laid low everything, roamed through the whole camp, and among the dense heaps of bodies could scarcely pursue the few men left: victors without doubt, had they not chosen to die.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Spartans wrought havoc in the camp.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.9.9 (CSEL 5:104; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.9.10CSEL 5:104–105
proelium a principio noctis in maiorem diei partem tractum: ad postremum uincendo fatigati, ubi quisque eorum deficientibus membris uisus est sibi mortis suae ultione satiatus, ibi inter impedimenta cadauerum campumque crasso et semigelato sanguine palpitantem lassus lapsus et mortuus est. Xerxes bis uictus in terra nauale proelium parat. sed
The battle was drawn out from the beginning of night into the greater part of the day: at last, weary with conquering, wherever each of them, as his limbs failed, felt himself satisfied with the vengeance for his death, there amid the obstacles of corpses and the field quivering with thick and half-congealed blood he fell, exhausted, and died. Xerxes, twice defeated on land, prepared a naval battle. But
Notes and citation
Summary: The Spartans died exhausted; Xerxes turned to the sea.
- The sentence continues in 2.10.1.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.9.10 (CSEL 5:104–105; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-9-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 10
2.10.1CSEL 5:105
Themistocles dux Atheniensium cum intellexisset Ionas — quibus dum auxilium superiore bello praebet, in se Persarum impetum uerterat — in auxilium Xerxis instructam classem deducere, sollicitare eos parti suae hostique subtrahere statuit.
Themistocles, the Athenian general, when he understood that the Ionians (by giving help to whom in the earlier war he had turned the attack of the Persians on himself) were bringing a fleet prepared to help Xerxes, resolved to stir them up toward his side and withdraw them from the enemy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Themistocles sought to win over the Ionian fleet.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Themistoclee → Themistocles.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.10.1 (CSEL 5:105; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.10.2CSEL 5:105
et quia conloquendi facultas negabatur, locis quibus Iones accessuri nauibus uidebantur proponi symbolos saxisque adfigi iubet, socios quondam et participes periculorum, nunc autem iniuste desides apta increpatione corripiens atque ad antiquorum iura foederum religiosa adhortatione persuadens praecipueque admonens, uti commisso proelio cedentium uice inhibeant remos seseque bello auferant.
And because the opportunity of conferring was denied, he ordered messages to be put up and fixed on rocks in the places where the Ionians seemed likely to land with their ships, rebuking them with fitting reproach as once allies and partners in dangers but now unjustly idle, and urging them with religious exhortation to the rights of the ancient treaties, and especially warning them that, when battle was joined, they should back water as though giving way and take themselves out of the war.
Notes and citation
Summary: He left messages on the rocks urging the Ionians to desert.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.10.2 (CSEL 5:105; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.10.3CSEL 5:105–106
igitur rex, partem nauium sibi detinens, spectator pugnae in litore manet. contra autem Artemidora, regina Halycarnasi, quae in auxilium Xerxi uenerat, inter primos duces acerrime bello inmiscetur, ita ut uersa uice in uiro feminea cautela, in femina uirilis audacia spectaretur.
So the king, keeping part of the ships with him, remained on the shore as a spectator of the battle. But Artemidora, queen of Halicarnassus, who had come to help Xerxes, threw herself most fiercely into battle among the foremost commanders, so that, reversing roles, feminine caution was seen in the man and manly daring in the woman.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xerxes watched from shore while Queen Artemisia fought.
- Artemidora is Artemisia in Herodotus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.10.3 (CSEL 5:105–106; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.10.4CSEL 5:106
cum autem anceps pugna esset, Iones iuxta praeceptum Themistoclis paulatim se certamini subtrahere coeperunt: quorum defectio Persas iam fugam circumspicientes aperte fugere persuasit.
When the battle was in doubt, the Ionians, according to Themistocles' instruction, began gradually to withdraw from the contest; their defection persuaded the Persians, already looking about for flight, to flee openly.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Ionian withdrawal caused the Persians to flee.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.10.4 (CSEL 5:106; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.10.5CSEL 5:106
in qua trepidatione multae naues mersae captaeque sunt, plures tamen saeuitiam regis uelut immanitatem hostis timentes domos dilabuntur.
In that panic many ships were sunk and captured, but more, fearing the savagery of the king as much as the brutality of the enemy, slipped away home.
Notes and citation
Summary: Many Persian ships were lost or deserted.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): multae nanes → multae naues.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.10.5 (CSEL 5:106; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.10.6CSEL 5:106
anxium tot malis regem Mardonius adgreditur suadens, regem in regnum redire oportere prius quam aduersa fama nouas res domi moliretur;
Mardonius approached the king, anxious after so many evils, urging that the king ought to return to his kingdom before evil rumour stirred up revolution at home;
Notes and citation
Summary: Mardonius urged Xerxes to go home.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): annum tot malis → anxium tot malis; nonas res → nouas res.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.10.6 (CSEL 5:106; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.10.7CSEL 5:106
se autem, si residuae sibi copiae traderentur, et ultionem ab hoste exacturum et ignominiam domesticam propulsaturum, aut, si aduersa belli perseuerassent, cessurum se quidem hosti, sed tamen sine regis infamia.
but he himself, if the remaining forces were handed over to him, would both exact vengeance from the enemy and drive off the disgrace at home; or, if the adversities of war persisted, he would indeed give way to the enemy, but still without dishonour to the king.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mardonius offered to carry on the war.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.10.7 (CSEL 5:106; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.10.8CSEL 5:106
probato consilio exercitus Mardonio traditur. rex Abydum, ubi pontem ueluti uictor maris conseruerat, cum paucis proficiscitur. sed cum pontem hibernis tempestatibus dissolutum offendisset, piscatoria scapha trepidus transiit.
The plan approved, the army was handed over to Mardonius. The king set out with a few to Abydos, where, as though conqueror of the sea, he had joined a bridge. But when he found the bridge broken up by winter storms, he crossed in terror in a fishing boat.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xerxes fled across the Hellespont in a fishing boat.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.10.8 (CSEL 5:106; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.10.9CSEL 5:106–107
erat sane quod spectare humanum genus et dolere debuerit mutationes rerum hac uel maxime uarietate permetiens: exiguo contentum latere nauigio, sub quo ipsum pelagus ante latuisset et iugum captiuitatis suae iuncto ponte portasset;
It was indeed something that the human race ought to look at and grieve over, measuring the changes of things chiefly by this reversal: that he was content to hide in a tiny boat, beneath whom the very sea had once lain hidden and had borne the yoke of its captivity when the bridge was joined;
Notes and citation
Summary: The once all-powerful king hid in a small boat.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.10.9 (CSEL 5:106–107; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.10.10CSEL 5:107
uilissimo unius seruuli egere ministerio, cuius potentiae, dum montes exciduntur, ualles replentur, amnes exhauriuntur, ipsa etiam rerum natura cessisset.
that he needed the cheapest service of a single slave, he to whose power, while mountains were cut through, valleys filled and rivers drained, nature itself had given way.
Notes and citation
Summary: He depended on one slave, he whom nature itself had obeyed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.10.10 (CSEL 5:107; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.10.11CSEL 5:107
pedestres quoque copiae, quae ducibus commissae fuerant, labore fame ac metu ita distabuerunt et erudescente morbo tanta pestis tantaque foeditas morientium exorta est, ut uiae cadaueribus replerentur, dirae etiam alites atque improbae bestiae escarum inlecebris sollicitatae moribundum sequerentur exercitum.
The land forces too, which had been entrusted to the generals, so wasted away by toil, hunger and fear, and as disease broke out again so great a plague and so great a foulness of the dying arose, that the roads were filled with corpses, and even dreadful birds and shameless beasts, stirred by the allurements of food, followed the dying army.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xerxes' land army wasted away from plague.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.10.11 (CSEL 5:107; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-10-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).