Seven Books of History against the Pagans 2.11.1–3.0.3
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 2, chapter 11
2.11.1CSEL 5:107
At uero Mardonius, cui reliqua belli Xerxes commiserat, adflatus primum successu breui mox in extrema deiectus est. Olynthum siquidem Graeciae oppidum expugnauit.
But Mardonius, to whom Xerxes had committed the rest of the war, puffed up at first by a brief success, was soon cast down to the extreme. He took Olynthus, a town of Greece.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mardonius took Olynthus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.11.1 (CSEL 5:107; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.11.2CSEL 5:107–108
Athenienses uaria sollicitatione adducere in spem pacis adgressus, ubi inexpugnabilem eorum libertatem uidet, incensa urbis parte in Boeotiam omnem belli apparatum deducit.
Having attempted by various solicitations to bring the Athenians to hope of peace, when he saw that their liberty could not be stormed, he burned part of the city and led all his apparatus of war into Boeotia.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mardonius burned part of Athens and moved to Boeotia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.11.2 (CSEL 5:107–108; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.11.3CSEL 5:108
illuc quoque eum centum milia Graecorum insecuta sunt et commisso sine mora proelio Mardonium deletis copiis ipsius uelut e naufragio nudum cum paucis fugere conpulerunt; castra regiis opibus referta ceperunt, non paruo quidem antiquae industriae damno: nam post huius praedae diuisionem aurum Persicum prima Graeciae uirtutis corruptio fuit.
There too a hundred thousand Greeks followed him and, joining battle without delay, destroyed his forces and forced Mardonius to flee with a few, stripped as from a shipwreck; they took the camp crammed with royal wealth, not without great loss to their ancient diligence: for after the division of this plunder Persian gold was the first corruption of Greek virtue.
Notes and citation
Summary: At Plataea the Greeks won, and Persian gold began their corruption.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.11.3 (CSEL 5:108; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.11.4CSEL 5:108
urguet igitur inceptus miseros extrema perditio. nam forte eodem die, quo in Boeotia Mardonii copiae deletae sunt, pars Persici exercitus in Asia sub monte Mycale nauali proelio dimicabat.
So final ruin, once begun, pressed on the wretched. For by chance on the same day on which the forces of Mardonius were destroyed in Boeotia, part of the Persian army was fighting a naval battle in Asia beneath Mount Mycale.
Notes and citation
Summary: On the same day the Persians fought at Mycale.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.11.4 (CSEL 5:108; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.11.5CSEL 5:108
ibi nouus repente rumor utriusque classis et populi inpleuit aures, Mardonii exstinctas copias, Graecos exstitisse uictores. mira diuini iudicii ordinatio, in Boeotia oriente sole bellum fuisse commissum, in Asia meridianis horis sub eadem die tantis spatiis maris terraeque interiacentibus nuntiatum!
There a new rumour suddenly filled the ears of both fleets and peoples, that the forces of Mardonius had been wiped out and the Greeks had been victors. Wonderful ordering of divine judgment, that the battle was joined in Boeotia at sunrise and announced in Asia at midday on the same day, across such great spaces of sea and land between!
Notes and citation
Summary: News of Plataea reached Mycale the same day.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.11.5 (CSEL 5:108; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.11.6CSEL 5:108–109
qui rumor ei uel maxime rei adstipulatus est, quod Persas, audita clade sociorum primum dolore dehinc desperatione correptos, nec bello expeditos nec fugae habiles reddidit. atque ita consternatos profligatosque constantior factus hostis successu felicitatis inuasit.
This rumour especially favoured the outcome, in that it made the Persians, seized first by grief and then by despair at hearing of their allies' disaster, neither ready for war nor fit for flight. And so, dismayed and routed as they were, the enemy, made more steadfast by the success of good fortune, attacked them.
Notes and citation
Summary: The news broke Persian morale and the Greeks won.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): habilee → habiles; eonstantior → constantior.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.11.6 (CSEL 5:108–109; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.11.7CSEL 5:109
Xerxes, bello in Graecia infeliciter gesto contemptibilis suis factus, per Artabanum praefectum suum in regia circumuentus occiditur.
Xerxes, having become contemptible to his own people through the war unhappily waged in Greece, was entrapped in the palace by Artabanus his prefect and killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xerxes was murdered by Artabanus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.11.7 (CSEL 5:109; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.11.8CSEL 5:109
O tempora desiderio et recordatione dignissima! o dies illos inoffensae serenitatis, qui nobis ueluti e tenebris respiciendi proponuntur! quibus breuissimo interuallo de uisceribus unius regni decies nouies centena milia uirorum tribus proximis regibus tria bella rapuerunt; ut taceam de infelicissima tunc Graecia, quae totum hunc, de quo nunc hebescimus, numerum moriendo superauit.
O times most worthy of longing and remembrance! O those days of untroubled calm, which are set before us to look back on as from darkness! In which, in the shortest interval, three wars snatched nineteen hundred thousand men from the bowels of one kingdom under three successive kings; not to speak of most unhappy Greece at that time, which by its dying surpassed the whole of this number at which we now grow dull.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ironically, these 'good old days' saw millions killed.
- Ironical.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.11.8 (CSEL 5:109; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.11.9CSEL 5:109–110
Leonida ille clarissimus Lacedaemoniorum in bello isto aduersus Xerxen, quod supremum ipsi atque hostibus fuit, cum sescentis suis famosissima illa incitamenta dixisset: Prandete, tamquam apud inferos cenaturi, auxiliaribus tamen, quos excedere bello iubebat, misericorditer suis, ut se ad meliora tempora permixta.
That most famous Leonidas of the Lacedaemonians, in that war against Xerxes which was the last for himself and for the enemy, when he had spoken to his six hundred those most famous words of encouragement, "Have your breakfast as men who will dine in the underworld," nevertheless mercifully urged his auxiliaries, whom he ordered to leave the war, to keep themselves for better times.
Notes and citation
Summary: Leonidas promised his allies better times to come.
- The end of the sentence is garbled in the digital text (*ut se ad meliora tempora permixta*); translated by sense from 2.9.6.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sesoentis → sescentis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.11.9 (CSEL 5:109–110; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.11.10CSEL 5:110
ecce cum ille promisit futura meliora, isti adserunt meliora praeterita, quid aliud colligi datur utroque in suis detestante praesentia, nisi aut semper bona esse sed ingrata aut numquam omnino meliora?
See: when he promised better things to come, these men assert that the past was better; what else may be inferred, when each in his own time detests the present, but that times are either always good but unappreciated, or never better at all?
Notes and citation
Summary: Every age thinks another time better.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.11.10 (CSEL 5:110; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-11-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 12
2.12.1CSEL 5:110
At Romae — ut ad id tempus redeam unde digressus sum: neque enim interuallo miseriarum ad alios transire conpellor, sed, sicuti se quondam efferuescentia ubique mala ipsis actibus conligarunt, ita etiam permixta referuntur: nobis quippe conferre inter se tempora Orbis, non cuiusquam partis eius la-
But at Rome (to return to the point from which I digressed; for I am not compelled by an interval in miseries to pass to others, but, as the evils once seething everywhere were bound together by the events themselves, so they are also told intermingled; for our purpose is to compare the times of the world with each other, not to insult the
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius returns to Rome; he compares all ages, not one people.
- The sentence continues in 2.12.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): digressns → digressus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.12.1 (CSEL 5:110; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.12.2CSEL 5:110–111
boribus insultare propositum est — Romae ergo post Vrbem conditam anno CCLXL suspenso ad modicum bello grauis pestilentia, quae semper ibi raras indutias aut factas intercepit aut ut fierent coegit, per uniuersam ciuitatem uiolenter incanduit, ut merito praecedente prodigio caelum ardere uisum sit, quando caput gentium tanto morborum igne flagrauit.
sufferings of any part of it), at Rome, then, in the 290th year after the founding of the City, war being suspended for a little, a grave pestilence, which there always either cut short the rare truces that had been made or forced them to be made, blazed violently through the whole city, so that, as was fitting, by a preceding portent the sky was seen to burn when the capital of the nations was aflame with so great a fire of diseases.
Notes and citation
Summary: A great plague struck Rome, preceded by a burning sky.
- The digital text prints CCLXL; read as 290.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.12.2 (CSEL 5:110–111; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.12.3CSEL 5:111
nam eo anno Aebutium et Seruilium ambo consules pestilentia consumpsit, militares copias plurima ex parte confecit, multos nobiles praecipueque plebem foeda
For in that year the pestilence consumed both consuls, Aebutius and Servilius, wore down the military forces for the most part, and destroyed many nobles and especially the common people with foul
Notes and citation
Summary: The plague killed both consuls and many others.
- The sentence continues in 2.12.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): plebem foeda. → plebem foeda.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.12.3 (CSEL 5:111; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.12.4CSEL 5:111
tabe deleuit; quamuis iam etiam superiore quarto anno oborta lues eundem populum depopulata sit.
wasting; although even in the fourth year before a plague that had arisen had ravaged the same people.
Notes and citation
Summary: A plague had struck four years earlier too.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): tabe delemt; quamms lam → tabe deleuit; quamuis iam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.12.4 (CSEL 5:111; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.12.5CSEL 5:111
Proximo dehinc anno ciues exules seruique fugitiui duce Herbonio, uiro Sabino, inuaserunt incenderuntque Capitolium.
In the next year exiled citizens and runaway slaves, led by Herbonius, a Sabine, seized and burned the Capitol.
Notes and citation
Summary: Exiles and slaves under Herbonius seized the Capitol.
- Herbonius is Appius Herdonius in Livy.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): dehino → dehinc.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.12.5 (CSEL 5:111; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.12.6CSEL 5:111
ubi fortissime quidem Valerio consule et imperatore obstitere iuniores; sed adeo atrox et graue discrimen proelii fuit, ut ipse quoque consul Valerius ibi fuerit occisus et indignam de seruis uictoriam insuper etiam sua morte foedarit.
There the young men, with Valerius as consul and commander, resisted most bravely; but the danger of the battle was so fierce and grave that the consul Valerius himself was killed there and moreover stained by his own death an unworthy victory over slaves.
Notes and citation
Summary: The consul Valerius died retaking the Capitol from slaves.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): lmperatore → imperatore; de semis → de seruis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.12.6 (CSEL 5:111; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.12.7CSEL 5:111–112
Sequitur annus, in quo cum uicto exercitu consul obsessus est. nam Minucium consulem congressum proelio Aequi Vulscique superarunt et fugientem in Algido fame ferroque cinxerunt, actumque infeliciter foret, ni Quintius Cincinnatus, praecipuus ille dictator, artatam obsidionem oppresso hoste soluisset.
The following year came, in which a consul was besieged with a defeated army. For the Aequi and Volsci overcame the consul Minucius in battle and, as he fled, surrounded him on Algidus with hunger and sword; and it would have ended unhappily, had not Quintius Cincinnatus, that outstanding dictator, crushed the enemy and broken the tight siege.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cincinnatus rescued the besieged consul Minucius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.12.7 (CSEL 5:111–112; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.12.8CSEL 5:112
qui repertus in rure, ab aratro arcessitus ad fasces, sumpto honore instructoque exercitu, mox uictor effectus, iugum boum Aequis inposuit uictoriamque quasi stiuam tenens subiugatos hostes prae se primus egit.
He, found in the country, summoned from the plough to the fasces, took up the office, drew up an army, soon became victor, put a yoke of oxen on the Aequi, and, holding victory as though it were the plough-handle, drove the subjugated enemy before him first of all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cincinnatus, called from the plough, defeated the Aequi.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): repertus in rare → repertus in rure.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.12.8 (CSEL 5:112; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-12-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 13
2.13.1CSEL 5:112
Anno qui proximus trecentesimo ab Vrbe condita fuit, dum legati ad Athenienses propter Solonis leges transferendas missi exspectantur, arma Romana fames pestilentiaque compescuit.
In the year which was next to the 300th from the founding of the City, while envoys sent to the Athenians to bring over the laws of Solon were awaited, famine and pestilence restrained Roman arms.
Notes and citation
Summary: Famine and plague stopped Rome's wars while envoys sought Solon's laws.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): funes pestilentiaque compesouit → fames pestilentiaque compescuit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.13.1 (CSEL 5:112; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.13.2CSEL 5:112
Ipso autem trecentesimo anno, hoc est olympiade nonagensima quinta, potestas consulum decemuiris tradita constituendarum legum Atticarum gratia magnam perniciem reipublicae inuexit.
In the 300th year itself, that is, in the 95th Olympiad, the power of the consuls handed over to the decemvirs for the sake of establishing the Attic laws brought great ruin on the commonwealth.
Notes and citation
Summary: The decemvirs replaced the consuls, to Rome's harm.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.13.2 (CSEL 5:112; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.13.3CSEL 5:112
nam primus ex decemuiris cedentibus ceteris solus Appius Claudius sibi continuauit imperium, statimque aliorum coniuratio subsecuta est, ut more contempto, quo insigne imperii penes unum potestas autem communis erat, omnes omnia propriis libidinibus agitarent.
For first, of the decemvirs, while the others retired, Appius Claudius alone extended his power; and at once a conspiracy of the others followed, so that, despising the custom by which the insignia of power lay with one but the power was common, all did all things according to their own lusts.
Notes and citation
Summary: Appius Claudius and the other decemvirs seized power.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): primns ex decemniris → primus ex decemuiris.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.13.3 (CSEL 5:112; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.13.4CSEL 5:112–113
itaque inter cetera, quae insolentissime cuncti praesumebant, repente singuli cum duodenis fascibus ceterisque imperatoriis insignibus processerunt:
So, among the other things which all took upon themselves most insolently, suddenly each one went out with twelve fasces and the other insignia of command:
Notes and citation
Summary: Each decemvir took twelve fasces.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): euncti → cuncti.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.13.4 (CSEL 5:112–113; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.13.5CSEL 5:113
et nouo improbae ordinationis incepto, ablegata religione consulum emicuit agmen tyrannorum, duabus tabulis legum ad decem priores additis, agentes insolentissimo fastu plurima, die, quo deponere magistratus mos erat, cum isdem insignibus processerunt.
and, by a new beginning of wicked ordering, the regard for the consuls set aside, a column of tyrants shone out; two tables of laws were added to the ten earlier ones; acting in very many things with most insolent arrogance, on the day on which it was customary to lay down office they went out with the same insignia.
Notes and citation
Summary: The decemvirs refused to lay down office.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.13.5 (CSEL 5:113; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.13.6CSEL 5:113
maximam etiam Appii Claudii libido auxit inuidiam, qui ut Verginiae uirgini stuprum inferret, prius seruitutis causam intulit; quamobrem adactus Verginius pater dolore libertatis et pudore dedecoris protractam ad seruitutem filiam in conspectu populi pius parricida prostrauit.
The lust of Appius Claudius also greatly increased the hatred: in order to violate the maiden Verginia he first brought a suit claiming her as a slave; for which reason her father Verginius, driven by grief for her liberty and shame at the disgrace, struck down before the eyes of the people his daughter, dragged off to slavery, a dutiful killer of his own child.
Notes and citation
Summary: Verginius killed his daughter to save her from Appius Claudius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.13.6 (CSEL 5:113; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.13.7CSEL 5:113
qua populus necessitatis atrocitate permotus et periculo libertatis admonitus montem Auentinum occupauit armatus. nec tueri libertatem armis destitit, nisi postquam se coniuratorum conspiratio ipsis quoque honoribus abdicauit.
Moved by the atrocity of this necessity and warned of the danger to liberty, the people occupied the Aventine hill in arms; nor did it cease defending liberty by arms until the conspiracy of the plotters resigned even its offices.
Notes and citation
Summary: The people seceded and the decemvirs resigned.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.13.7 (CSEL 5:113; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.13.8CSEL 5:113–114
Tertia et quinta post centesimam olympiade per totum fere annum tam crebri tamque etiam graues in Italia terrae motus fuerunt, ut de innumeris quassationibus ac ruinis uillarum oppidorumque adsiduis Roma nuntiis fatigaretur,
In the 103rd and 105th Olympiad, through almost the whole year, there were such frequent and such grave earthquakes in Italy that Rome was wearied by constant messages of innumerable shakings and collapses of villas and towns;
Notes and citation
Summary: Earthquakes shook Italy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.13.8 (CSEL 5:113–114; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.13.9CSEL 5:114
deinde ita iugis et torrida siccitas fuit, ut praesentis tunc futurique anni
then the drought was so continuous and scorching that it denied hope of the earth's producing fruits for the present and the following
Notes and citation
Summary: A drought followed.
- The sentence continues in 2.13.10.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.13.9 (CSEL 5:114; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.13.10CSEL 5:114
spem gignendis terrae fructibus abnegarit, isdemque temporibus cum Fidenates hostes maximorum auxiliorum manu stipante terribiles Romanis arcibus imminerent, Aemilius tertium dictator magnam mali molem ipsis Fidenis uix captis depulit et sanauit.
year. At the same time, when the Fidenates, enemies made terrible by a band of very great auxiliaries packed around them, were threatening the Roman citadels, Aemilius, dictator for the third time, drove off and healed the great mass of evil, Fidenae itself being scarcely taken.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aemilius saved Rome from Fidenae.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): tructibus → fructibus; lsdemque → isdemque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.13.10 (CSEL 5:114; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.13.11CSEL 5:114
tanta in ipsis erat malorum animorumque contentio, ut uel domesticas clades superfusa forinsecus bella oblitterarent uel post damna bellorum indutias relaxatas diuersae pestes caelo terraque excandescentes incessabili infestatione corrumperent.
So great was the contest of evils and of spirits among them that either wars pouring in from outside blotted out the disasters at home, or, after the losses of wars, when truces had been relaxed, various plagues blazing up from sky and earth ruined them with unceasing attack.
Notes and citation
Summary: War and plague alternated without end.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.13.11 (CSEL 5:114; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-13-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 14
2.14.1CSEL 5:114
Sicilia ab initio patria Cyclopum et post eos semper nutrix tyrannorum fuit, saepe etiam captiua seruorum, quorum primi carnibus hominum, medii cruciatibus, postremi mortibus pascebantur, excepto eo, quod externis bellis aut praeda habebatur aut praemium.
Sicily was from the beginning the homeland of the Cyclopes and after them always the nurse of tyrants, often even the captive of slaves; of whom the first fed on the flesh of men, the middle ones on tortures, the last on deaths; except that in foreign wars it was held either as plunder or as prize.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sicily was always the home of tyrants.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.1 (CSEL 5:114; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.2CSEL 5:114
haec, ut quam breuissime absoluam, requiem malorum nisi nunc nescit, immo, ut euidentius diuersitates temporum declarentur, sicut antea uel intestinos uel externos tumultus perpessa est inter omnes sola semper, ita
This island, to finish as briefly as possible, knew no rest from evils except now; indeed, so that the difference of the times may be declared more clearly, as before it alone among all always suffered either internal or external upheavals, so
Notes and citation
Summary: Sicily, once always troubled, now alone is at rest.
- The sentence continues in 2.14.3.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.2 (CSEL 5:114; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.3CSEL 5:114–115
nunc ex omnibus sola numquam. nam etiam — ut sileam de diuturnitate uel illius calamitatis, qua pressa est, uel istius e contrario, qua fruitur, pacis — Aethna ipsa, quae tunc cum excidio urbium atque agrorum crebris eruptionibus aestuabat, nunc tantum innoxia specie ad praeteritorum fidem fumat.
now alone of all it never does. For even (to say nothing of the length either of that calamity by which it was oppressed, or, by contrast, of this peace which it enjoys) Etna itself, which then seethed with frequent eruptions to the ruin of cities and fields, now only smokes with a harmless appearance, to vouch for the past.
Notes and citation
Summary: Even Etna is now harmless.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.3 (CSEL 5:114–115; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.4CSEL 5:115
igitur — ut praetermittam interim de tyrannis, quorum mox qui fuit ultor successor effectus est — medio tempore, hoc est anno ab Vrbe condita CCCXXXV, cum Regini apud Siciliam discordia laborarent ciuitasque per dissensionem diuisa in duas partes esset, pars una ueteranos ab Himera urbe Siciliae in auxilium uocauit.
So (to pass over for the time the tyrants, of whom whoever was an avenger soon became a successor), in the intervening time, that is, in the 335th year from the founding of the City, when the people of Rhegium near Sicily were labouring with discord and the city was divided by dissension into two parts, one party called in veterans from the city of Himera in Sicily to help.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rhegium called in veterans from Himera.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.4 (CSEL 5:115; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.5CSEL 5:115
porro illi, pulsis ciuitate primum his contra quos inplorabantur, deinde mox caesis etiam illis quibus ad auxiliandum conuenerant, urbem cum coniugibus ac liberis sociorum occupauere, ausi facinus nulli tyranno comparandum:
But they, having first driven from the city those against whom they had been called in, and then soon killed also those whom they had come to help, occupied the city with the wives and children of their allies, daring a crime to be compared with that of no tyrant:
Notes and citation
Summary: The veterans seized Rhegium.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): pulsis cinitate → pulsis ciuitate.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.5 (CSEL 5:115; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.6CSEL 5:115
quippe cum Reginis quiduis perpeti satius fuerit, quam ut ultro inuitarent, quibus patriam coniuges liberos ac penates ipsi extorres ad praedam relinquerent.
for it would have been better for the people of Rhegium to suffer anything rather than of their own accord invite those to whom, as exiles, they themselves would leave their country, wives, children and household gods as plunder.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rhegium would have done better to suffer anything.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.6 (CSEL 5:115; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.7CSEL 5:115–116
At etiam Catinienses cum Syracusanos graues infestosque paterentur, ab Atheniensibus auxilia poposcerunt. sed Athenienses suo magis quam sociorum studio instructam classem in Siciliam misere, cum et sibi propagare molirentur imperium et Syracusanam classem nuper instructam Lacedaemoniis proficere uererentur.
The people of Catana too, suffering from the Syracusans as grievous and hostile, asked help from the Athenians. But the Athenians, more in their own interest than their allies', sent a fleet prepared for Sicily, since they were striving to extend their own empire and feared that the Syracusan fleet recently prepared might profit the Lacedaemonians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens sent a fleet to Sicily for its own ends.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.7 (CSEL 5:115–116; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.8CSEL 5:116
et quoniam Athenienses qui missi erant caesis hostibus prospera initia sumpserant, maiores copias robustioremque exercitum cum Lachete et Chariade ducibus in Siciliam reduxerunt.
And since the Athenians who had been sent had made a prosperous beginning by killing the enemy, they brought back to Sicily larger forces and a stronger army under the generals Laches and Chariades.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens reinforced its army in Sicily.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.8 (CSEL 5:116; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.9CSEL 5:116
sed Catinienses, belli taedio permoti, cum Syracusanis foedus ineunt, auxilia Atheniensium spernunt;
But the Catanians, moved by weariness of the war, entered into a treaty with the Syracusans and spurned the help of the Athenians;
Notes and citation
Summary: Catana made peace with Syracuse.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.9 (CSEL 5:116; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.10CSEL 5:116
post autem, Syracusanis condiciones pacis meditatione dominationis transgredientibus, denuo legatos Athenas mittunt, qui capillo barbaque squalidi et lugubribus induti misericordiam atque auxilium et sermone et habitu precarentur.
but afterwards, when the Syracusans transgressed the terms of peace, intending domination, they again sent envoys to Athens, who, unkempt in hair and beard and dressed in mourning, begged for mercy and help by both speech and dress.
Notes and citation
Summary: Catana again begged Athens for help.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): Syracusams condiciones paois → Syracusanis condiciones pacis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.10 (CSEL 5:116; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.11CSEL 5:116
igitur magna classis instruitur ducibus Nicia et Lamacho, tantisque uiribus Sicilia repetitur, ut suffragia sua et hi timerent, qui impetrauissent.
So a great fleet was prepared under the generals Nicias and Lamachus, and Sicily was attacked again with such great forces that even those who had obtained them feared their own requests.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens sent a great fleet under Nicias and Lamachus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ciassis → classis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.11 (CSEL 5:116; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.12CSEL 5:116
Athenienses duas ilico pedestres pugnas secundis successibus faciunt, confectos in urbe hostes et obiecta classe circumdatos terra marique concludunt.
The Athenians at once fought two land battles with success and shut in the enemy, worn down in the city and surrounded by a fleet set against them, by land and sea.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens besieged Syracuse.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray hyphen): Athenienses -duas → Athenienses duas.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.12 (CSEL 5:116; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.13CSEL 5:116–117
at Syracusani fractis fessisque rebus auxilium a Lacedaemoniis petunt. a quibus mox mittitur Gylippus, solus quidem sed in quo omnium praesidiorum instar praeferebatur. qui ueniens ut audiuit inclinatum iam belli statum, auxiliis partim in Graecia partim in Sicilia contractis opportuna bello loca occupauit.
But the Syracusans, their affairs broken and worn out, asked help from the Lacedaemonians. By them Gylippus was soon sent, alone indeed, but in whom the equivalent of all reinforcements was displayed. On arriving, when he heard that the state of the war was already tilting, he gathered auxiliaries partly in Greece, partly in Sicily, and occupied positions favourable for war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta sent Gylippus to Syracuse.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.13 (CSEL 5:116–117; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.14CSEL 5:117
deinde duobus proeliis uictus nec territus, tertio congressu Lamachum occidit, hostes in fugam uertit, socios obsidione liberauit.
Then, defeated in two battles but not dismayed, in a third encounter he killed Lamachus, put the enemy to flight and freed his allies from the siege.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gylippus killed Lamachus and broke the siege.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): proelus → proeliis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.14 (CSEL 5:117; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.15CSEL 5:117
hinc Athenienses terrestri proelio uicti, experimenta maris ineunt et nauali certamine congredi parant; quo cognito Gylippus classem instructam a Lacedaemoniis arcessit;
From then on the Athenians, defeated in a land battle, tried the sea and prepared to engage in a naval contest; on learning this Gylippus summoned a fleet prepared by the Lacedaemonians;
Notes and citation
Summary: Both sides prepared for a sea battle.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.15 (CSEL 5:117; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.16CSEL 5:117
aeque Athenienses in locum amissi ducis Demosthenen et Eurymedonta cum supplemento copiarum mittunt; Peloponnesii quoque cum multarum urbium consensu et decreto ingentia Syracusanis auxilia misere.
likewise the Athenians, in place of the lost general, sent Demosthenes and Eurymedon with reinforcements; the Peloponnesians too, with the agreement and decree of many cities, sent great help to the Syracusans.
Notes and citation
Summary: Reinforcements came on both sides.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.16 (CSEL 5:117; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.17CSEL 5:117
ita sub specie socialis belli domesticos motus exsequuntur, et, quasi placito de Graecia translatum certamen in Siciliam fuerit, sic ex utraque parte summis uiribus dimicatur.
So under the appearance of an allied war they pursued their domestic quarrels, and, as though by agreement the contest had been transferred from Greece to Sicily, so both sides fought with their utmost strength.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Greek war was fought out in Sicily.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): speoie → specie.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.17 (CSEL 5:117; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.18CSEL 5:117
igitur Athenienses prima congressione uincuntur, castra quoque cum omni pecunia uel publica uel priuata et cum uniuerso instructu diuturnae expeditionis amittunt;
So the Athenians were defeated in the first encounter and lost their camp too, with all the money, public or private, and with all the equipment of a long expedition;
Notes and citation
Summary: The Athenians lost their camp.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): oastra → castra.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.18 (CSEL 5:117; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.19CSEL 5:117
fractis opibus et in angustum redactis, suadet Demosthenes, dum nondum omnino res perditae sint quamlibet uideantur adflictae, domum redeant Siciliaque decedant;
their resources broken and reduced to narrow straits, Demosthenes urged that, while things were not yet wholly lost, however afflicted they seemed, they should return home and leave Sicily;
Notes and citation
Summary: Demosthenes urged retreat.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.19 (CSEL 5:117; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.20CSEL 5:117–118
Nicias autem, pudore male gestarum rerum ab initio desperatior redditus, remanere contendit.
but Nicias, made more desperate from the beginning by shame at things badly done, insisted on remaining.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nicias refused.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.20 (CSEL 5:117–118; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.21CSEL 5:118
reparant nauale certamen et mox per inscitiam in angustias Syracusani maris deducti insidiis hostium circumueniuntur: Eurylochus dux primus occiditur, undecim naues incenduntur. Demosthenes et Nicias classem dimittunt quasi tutius terrena expeditione fugituri.
They renewed the naval contest and soon, led through inexperience into the narrows of the Syracusan sea, were surrounded by the enemy's ambush: Eurylochus, a general, was killed first, eleven ships were burned. Demosthenes and Nicias abandoned the fleet as though they would flee more safely by a land march.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens lost the sea battle and abandoned its fleet.
- Eurylochus is Eurymedon in other sources.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.21 (CSEL 5:118; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.14.22CSEL 5:118
Gylippus autem primum naues eorum relictas centum triginta inuadit, dehinc ipsos fugientes persequi adgressus capit caeditque quam plurimos. Demosthenes dedecus seruitutis uoluntaria morte declinat, Nicias uero indignam turpemque uitam dedecore captiuitatis accumulat.
Gylippus, however, first seized their hundred and thirty abandoned ships, then, setting out to pursue the fugitives themselves, captured and killed very many. Demosthenes escaped the disgrace of slavery by a voluntary death; but Nicias heaped up an unworthy and shameful life with the disgrace of captivity.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Athenian army was destroyed; Demosthenes killed himself, Nicias was captured.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Gylippua → Gylippus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.14.22 (CSEL 5:118; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-14-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 15
2.15.1CSEL 5:118
Igitur Athenienses, biennio apud Siciliam non sine Lacedaemoniorum damno conflictati, aliis domi malis circumueniuntur. Alcibiades enim, dux pridem aduersus Syracusas pronuntiatus, mox ad iudicium pro quadam insimulatione detentus
So the Athenians, having struggled for two years in Sicily, not without loss to the Lacedaemonians, were beset by other evils at home. For Alcibiades, earlier named general against Syracuse, soon detained for trial on a certain charge,
Notes and citation
Summary: Alcibiades was recalled for trial.
- The sentence continues in 2.15.2.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.15.1 (CSEL 5:118; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.15.2CSEL 5:118
uoluntario exilio Lacedaemonem se contulit inpulitque Spartanos, ut turbatis Atheniensibus nouo rursus bello insisterent, neque eis respirandi spatium, quin opprimerentur, relaxarent.
went into voluntary exile at Lacedaemon and drove the Spartans to press the troubled Athenians with a new war again, and not to allow them any space to breathe without being crushed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alcibiades went over to Sparta and urged war on Athens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.15.2 (CSEL 5:118; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.15.3CSEL 5:118–119
cui incepto ita Graecia omnis adstipulata est, quasi ad commune incendium restinguendum bono publico congestis uiribus ac consuleretur.
All Greece so agreed with this undertaking as if forces had been gathered for the public good to put out a common fire, and as if counsel were being taken for it.
Notes and citation
Summary: All Greece joined against Athens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.15.3 (CSEL 5:118–119; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.15.4CSEL 5:119
Darius etiam rex Persarum, memor paterni auitique in hanc urbem odii, per Tissafernen praefectum Lydiae cum Lacedaemoniis foedus paciscitur eisque sumptus belli et copias pollicetur.
Darius too, king of the Persians, mindful of his father's and grandfather's hatred of this city, through Tissaphernes, prefect of Lydia, made a treaty with the Lacedaemonians and promised them the costs of war and troops.
Notes and citation
Summary: Persia allied with Sparta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.15.4 (CSEL 5:119; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.15.5CSEL 5:119
mirum dictu, Atheniensium tantas ea tempestate opes fuisse, ut, cum aduersus eos, hoc est aduersus unam urbem, Graeciae Asiae totiusque Orientis uiribus incursum sit, pugnando saepe nec umquam cedendo consumpti magis uideantur fuisse quam uicti.
Wonderful to say, the resources of the Athenians were then so great that, though the strength of Greece, Asia and the whole East attacked them, that is, attacked one city, by fighting often and never yielding they seem to have been worn out rather than conquered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens was worn out rather than conquered.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.15.5 (CSEL 5:119; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.15.6CSEL 5:119
principio enim Alcibiades omnes socios deficere ab his ad Lacedaemonios coegit, sed et ab his quoque per inuidiam insidiis adpetitus aufugit et ad Tissafernen in Mediam concessit.
For at first Alcibiades compelled all their allies to defect from them to the Lacedaemonians; but, attacked by these too with plots out of envy, he fled and went over to Tissaphernes in Media.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alcibiades fled from Sparta to Tissaphernes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.15.6 (CSEL 5:119; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.15.7CSEL 5:119
cui statim accommodato ingenio et apti eloquii gratia familiarior factus persuadet, ne Lacedaemonios tam profusis opibus iuuet; eum potius istius certaminis arbitrum spectatoremque fieri debere, integrasque Lydiae uires aduersum uictorem reseruandas.
Having at once become more intimate with him by his adaptable nature and the charm of his fitting eloquence, he persuaded him not to help the Lacedaemonians with such lavish wealth; that he ought rather to become the arbiter and spectator of this contest, and that the strength of Lydia should be kept intact against the victor.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alcibiades persuaded Tissaphernes to hold back.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): accommodato ingeno → accommodato ingenio.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.15.7 (CSEL 5:119; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.15.8CSEL 5:119–120
quamobrem Tissafernes partem classis cum aliquanta manu deduci Lacedaemonam iubet, ne uel abundantes suffragiis alieno tuti periculo dimicarent uel in totum destituti susceptum certamen omitterent.
For this reason Tissaphernes ordered part of the fleet with a considerable force to be taken to Lacedaemon, so that they would neither fight safe at another's risk with abundant support, nor, wholly abandoned, give up the contest they had undertaken.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tissaphernes gave Sparta limited help.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.15.8 (CSEL 5:119–120; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-15-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 16
2.16.1CSEL 5:120
Apud Athenienses uero cum diu domestica discordia agitaretur, imminente periculo summa imperii ad senatum populi uoluntate transfertur: quippe otio discordiae nutriuntur, at ubi necessitas incubuit, postpositis priuatis causis atque odiis in commune consulitur.
Among the Athenians, when they had long been troubled by domestic discord, with danger threatening the supreme power was transferred to the senate by the will of the people: for discords are nourished by leisure, but when necessity presses, private causes and hatreds are put aside and counsel is taken in common.
Notes and citation
Summary: Under threat Athens gave power to the council.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.1 (CSEL 5:120; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.2CSEL 5:120
sed hoc ipsum cum propter insitam genti superbiam et tyrannicas libidines perniciosum foret, tandem Alcibiades exul ab exercitu reuocatur et dux classis constituitur.
But since this very thing was ruinous because of the arrogance inborn in the race and tyrannical lusts, at last the exile Alcibiades was recalled by the army and made commander of the fleet.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alcibiades was recalled and given the fleet.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): msitam → insitam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.2 (CSEL 5:120; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.3CSEL 5:120
quo conperto principes primo Spartanis urbem prodere moliti sunt; deinde, cum id frustra cogitassent, in exilium sponte cesserunt. igitur Alcibiades patria liberata classem in hostes dirigit.
On learning this, the leading men first tried to betray the city to the Spartans; then, when they had planned this in vain, they went into exile of their own accord. So Alcibiades, having freed his country, directed the fleet against the enemy.
Notes and citation
Summary: The oligarchs fled and Alcibiades led the fleet.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.3 (CSEL 5:120; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.4CSEL 5:120
commisso proelio uictoriam Athenienses capessunt. porro autem maior pars Spartani exercitus caesa, duces quoque paene omnes interfecti et octoginta naues captae absque his, quae in conflictu incensae demersaeque perierunt.
When battle was joined the Athenians won the victory. Moreover, the greater part of the Spartan army was killed, almost all its commanders too were slain, and eighty ships taken, besides those which perished burned and sunk in the fight.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens won a great naval victory.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.4 (CSEL 5:120; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.5CSEL 5:120–121
rursus bellum in terram translatum Spartanis aeque infeliciter cessit. quibus rebus fracti Lacedaemonii petiere pacem, nec tamen impetrare potuerunt.
Again the war, transferred to land, went just as unhappily for the Spartans. Broken by these events, the Lacedaemonians sought peace, but could not obtain it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta, defeated on land, sought peace in vain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.5 (CSEL 5:120–121; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.6CSEL 5:121
praeterea Syracusana praesidia in Siciliam audita Carthaginiensis belli infestatione reuocata sunt. quamobrem Alcibiades classe uictrici totam Asiam peruagatur, bellis incendiis caedibus rapit sternitque omnia; urbes, quae dudum a societate defecerant, capit recipitque quamplurimas.
Besides, the Syracusan forces were recalled to Sicily on hearing of the attack of a Carthaginian war. Therefore Alcibiades with his victorious fleet ranged through all Asia, plundering and laying low everything with wars, fires and slaughter; he took and recovered very many cities which had earlier defected from the alliance.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alcibiades swept through Asia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.6 (CSEL 5:121; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.7CSEL 5:121
sic Alcibiades magni nominis factus Athenas cum admiratione et gaudio omnium uictor ingreditur.
So Alcibiades, having become a man of great name, entered Athens as victor amid the admiration and joy of all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alcibiades returned to Athens in triumph.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.7 (CSEL 5:121; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.8CSEL 5:121
paruo post interuallo auget uires, exercitum classemque numero prouehit rursusque Asiam petit. Lacedaemonii uero Lysandrum ducem classi belloque praeficiunt.
After a short interval he increased his strength, enlarged the army and fleet in number and sought Asia again. The Lacedaemonians, however, put Lysander in command of the fleet and the war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta appointed Lysander.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): claseemque → classemque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.8 (CSEL 5:121; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.9CSEL 5:121
Cyrus etiam frater Darii, in locum Tissafernis Ioniae Lydiaeque praepositus, magnis eos opibus auxiliisque confirmat. Lysander itaque Alcibiadis exercitum praedae intentum ac per hoc ubique dispersum ac uagum repentino incursu opprimit, sine aliquo conflictu uincit caeditque fugientem.
Cyrus too, brother of Darius, set over Ionia and Lydia in place of Tissaphernes, strengthened them with great wealth and help. So Lysander, by a sudden attack, overwhelmed the army of Alcibiades, intent on plunder and therefore scattered and wandering everywhere, conquered it without any battle and cut it down as it fled.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lysander surprised and routed Alcibiades' army.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.9 (CSEL 5:121; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.10CSEL 5:121
magna haec clades Atheniensibus, et multo hoc atrocius uulnus, quam dudum inflixerant, susceperunt. quo conperto Athenienses opinati sunt Alcibiaden antiquum exilii sui dolorem isto scelere proditionis uindicare curasse,
This was a great disaster for the Athenians, and they received a wound much more terrible than the one they had lately inflicted. On learning this the Athenians supposed that Alcibiades had taken care to avenge the old grief of his exile by this crime of treachery,
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens suspected Alcibiades of treachery.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Atbeniensibus → Atheniensibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.10 (CSEL 5:121; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.11CSEL 5:121–122
ideoque in locum eius Cononem constituunt, cui residuam manum et summam belli committunt.
and therefore they appointed Conon in his place, to whom they committed the remaining force and the conduct of the war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Conon replaced Alcibiades.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.11 (CSEL 5:121–122; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.12CSEL 5:122
qui supplere saltem numero exhaustas copias uolens, senes ac pueros legit exercitumque conscripsit.
Wishing at least to make up the exhausted forces in number, he enrolled old men and boys and drew up an army.
Notes and citation
Summary: Conon enrolled old men and boys.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.12 (CSEL 5:122; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.13CSEL 5:122
sed huiusmodi manus moram bello non attulit: quippe quod robore, non numero confici solet. itaque statim inbellis manus uel capta uel caesa est, tantaque strages occisorum illo proelio facta est, ut deletum non solum regnum, sed etiam nomen Atheniensium uideretur.
But a band of this kind brought no delay to the war, since war is usually decided by strength, not by number. So at once the unwarlike band was either captured or killed, and so great a slaughter of the slain was made in that battle that not only the dominion but even the name of the Athenians seemed to have been destroyed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The untrained army was annihilated.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.13 (CSEL 5:122; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.14CSEL 5:122
at illi desperatis rebus statuunt urbem peregrinis dare — ut, qui per totam Asiam paulo ante dominati sunt, nunc ex hac conluuie muros saltem libertatemque tueantur — et, quamuis uel suo iudicio ad haec tuenda etiam obiectis muris non sufficiant, iterum tamen experiri nauale proelium parant.
But they, in desperate straits, resolved to give the city to foreigners, so that those who a little before had ruled through all Asia might now, from this rabble, at least defend their walls and liberty; and, though even by their own judgment they were not sufficient to defend these even behind the shelter of walls, they nevertheless prepared to try a naval battle again.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens enfranchised foreigners and tried another sea battle.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.14 (CSEL 5:122; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.15CSEL 5:122
expers consilii furor dolorem uirtutem putat, quantumque meditatur ira, tantum promittit audacia.
Fury devoid of counsel thinks grief is courage, and as much as anger plans, so much daring promises.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anger mistook itself for courage.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.15 (CSEL 5:122; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.16CSEL 5:122
itaque omnibus partim captis partim interfectis de ipsis quoque reliquiis nihil reliqui factum est. solus dux Conon superstes bello et populo, timens ciuium crudelitatem, ad Cyrum regem concessit.
So, all being partly captured and partly killed, nothing was left even of the remnants. Only the general Conon survived the war and the people; fearing the cruelty of the citizens, he went over to King Cyrus.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Athenian fleet was destroyed; Conon fled to Cyrus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.16 (CSEL 5:122; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.17CSEL 5:122–123
Euacoras autem dux Lacedaemoniorum ademptis omnibus ciuitatibus nihil Atheniensibus praeter inanem urbem reliquit; nec hoc diu, nam et ipsam urbem postea obsidione circumdedit. agebat intrinsecus fames desolatio et morbus obsessos,
Euagoras, the Lacedaemonian general, taking away all their cities, left the Athenians nothing but an empty city; nor this for long, for afterwards he surrounded the city itself with a siege. Within, hunger, desolation and disease harassed the besieged,
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta besieged Athens.
- The general was Lysander; the name in the digital text (*Euacoras*) may be Orosius's error or a corruption.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.17 (CSEL 5:122–123; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.16.18CSEL 5:123
et cum post omnia miseriarum abominamenta, quae etiam dicere horror est, nihil spei praeter mortem occurreret, pacem petiuere.
and when, after all the abominations of miseries, which it is horror even to tell, no hope but death appeared, they sought peace.
Notes and citation
Summary: Starving, Athens sued for peace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.16.18 (CSEL 5:123; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-16-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 17
2.17.1CSEL 5:123
magna hinc inter Spartanos et socios deliberatio fuit: cum plurimi inquietissimam ciuitatem sternendam solo populumque infestissimum cum ipso nomine abolendum pronuntiarent,
Thereupon there was great deliberation between the Spartans and their allies: when very many declared that the most restless city should be levelled to the ground and the most hostile people abolished with its very name,
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta's allies wanted Athens destroyed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.1 (CSEL 5:123; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.2CSEL 5:123
Spartani negauerunt se permissuros uti e duobus Graeciae oculis unus erueretur; insuper etiam pacem promiserunt, si Piraei portus ducentia in urbem munimina uerterentur nauesque reliquas ultro traderent, deinde si rectores sibi triginta lectos susciperent.
the Spartans said they would not allow one of the two eyes of Greece to be plucked out; moreover, they promised peace if the fortifications leading from the Piraeus harbour into the city were thrown down and they handed over their remaining ships of their own accord, and then if they accepted thirty chosen rulers.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta spared Athens on harsh terms.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.2 (CSEL 5:123; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.3CSEL 5:123
huic condicioni addictis et succumbentibus Lacedaemonii Lysandrum ad conponendas in urbe parendi leges constituerunt.
When they had bound themselves to this condition and submitted, the Lacedaemonians appointed Lysander to settle the laws of obedience in the city.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lysander imposed the terms.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.3 (CSEL 5:123; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.4CSEL 5:123
insignis hic annus et expugnatione Athenarum et morte Darii Persarum regis et exilio Dionysii Siciliae tyranni fuit.
This year was notable for the capture of Athens, the death of Darius, king of the Persians, and the exile of Dionysius, tyrant of Sicily.
Notes and citation
Summary: A year of notable events.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.4 (CSEL 5:123; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.5CSEL 5:123–124
igitur triginta rectores Atheniensibus ordinati triginta tyranni exoriuntur: qui primo se tribus milibus satellitum stipant, mox etiam septingentos milites uictoris exercitus lateribus suis circumponunt.
So the thirty rulers appointed for the Athenians arose as thirty tyrants: at first they surrounded themselves with three thousand attendants, and soon also set seven hundred soldiers of the victorious army about their persons.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Thirty Tyrants ruled Athens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.5 (CSEL 5:123–124; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.6CSEL 5:124
caedem omnium passim futuram occiso Alcibiade auspicantur, qui fugiens, in itinere clausus cubiculo, uiuus
They inaugurated the slaughter of all, which was to follow everywhere, by killing Alcibiades, who, as he fled, was shut in a bedroom on his journey and burned
Notes and citation
Summary: They had Alcibiades burned alive.
- The sentence continues in 2.17.7.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): cubiculo, uiuus. → cubiculo, uiuus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.6 (CSEL 5:124; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.7CSEL 5:124
incensus est. quo interfecto quasi sublato ultore securi miseras urbis reliquias caedibus rapinisque exhauriunt. Theramenen quoque, unum ex numero suo, cui haec displicere senserunt, in exemplum timoremque reliquorum trucidant.
alive. When he had been killed, as though the avenger had been removed, they drained the wretched remnants of the city in security by slaughter and plunder. Theramenes too, one of their own number, whom they perceived to be displeased with these things, they slaughtered as an example and a terror to the rest.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Thirty plundered Athens and killed Theramenes.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): seouri → securi; ex numero sub, cui → ex numero suo, cui.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.7 (CSEL 5:124; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.8CSEL 5:124
itaque omnes passim ex urbe diffugiunt, sed interdictu Lacedaemoniorum cum per totam Graeciam exulibus negaretur hospitium, omnes se Argos ac Thebas contulerunt: ubi ita hospitalitatis obsequio foti sunt, ut non solum dolorem amissae patriae lenirent, uerum etiam spem recuperandae meditarentur.
So everyone fled the city in all directions; but since by a prohibition of the Lacedaemonians hospitality was denied to the exiles throughout Greece, all betook themselves to Argos and Thebes, where they were so warmed by the kindness of hospitality that they not only eased their grief for the lost fatherland but even began to plan the hope of recovering it.
Notes and citation
Summary: The exiles found refuge in Argos and Thebes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.8 (CSEL 5:124; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.9CSEL 5:124
erat inter exules Thrasybulus, uir strenuus et generis nobilitate inter suos clarus: qui auctor audendi pro patria fuit. itaque castellum Fylen Atticorum finium collecti exules capiunt multarumque ciuitatum opibus adiuti uires capessunt: quibus Lysias quoque Syracusanus orator quasi in auxilium urbis, quae esset patria communis eloquentiae, quingentos milites cum stipendiis suis misit.
Among the exiles was Thrasybulus, an energetic man, distinguished among his people for the nobility of his family, who became the leader in daring for the fatherland. So the gathered exiles took Phyle, a fort on the borders of Attica, and, aided by the resources of many cities, gathered strength; to them Lysias too, the Syracusan orator, sent five hundred soldiers with their pay, as if in aid of the city that was the common homeland of eloquence.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thrasybulus and the exiles seized Phyle.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): flnium → finium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.9 (CSEL 5:124; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.10CSEL 5:124–125
atrox id proelium fuit, sed his pro patria libertate, illis pro aliena dominatione certantibus animorum atque causarum ipsa quoque tulit pugna iudicium: nam uicti tyranni in urbem refugerunt omnesque, quos ex Atheniensibus prius sibi satellites legerant, tunc suspectos proditionis, urbis custodia remouerunt.
That battle was fierce; but since the one side fought for their country's freedom, the other for domination over others, the battle itself also gave judgment on their spirits and causes: for the defeated tyrants fled back into the city, and all whom they had earlier chosen as attendants from among the Athenians, now suspected of treachery, they removed from guarding the city.
Notes and citation
Summary: The exiles defeated the tyrants.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.10 (CSEL 5:124–125; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.11CSEL 5:125
Thrasybulum quoque ipsum temptare corruptione ausi sunt: quod ubi frustra speratum est, arcessitis a Lacedaemona auxiliis rursus in bellum ruunt. ubi duo saeuissimi omnium longe tyrannorum trucidantur.
They even dared to try to corrupt Thrasybulus himself; when this was hoped for in vain, they summoned help from Lacedaemon and rushed into war again. There two of the tyrants, by far the most savage of all, were slaughtered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Two of the cruellest tyrants were killed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): auxiliis rursus. in → auxiliis rursus in.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.11 (CSEL 5:125; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.12CSEL 5:125
ceteros uictos et in fugam uersos Thrasybulus ubi uel maxime Athenienses esse intellegit, clamore consequitur, oratione retinet, precibus ligat, proponens ante oculos eorum, quos fugere uel ad quos refugere uellent; sibi aduersum triginta dominos, non aduersum ciues miseros bellum esse susceptum. quin potius omnes, qui se meminerint esse Athenienses, sequi oportere Atheniensium libertatis ultores.
When Thrasybulus realized that the rest, defeated and put to flight, were for the most part Athenians, he followed them with shouts, held them back with a speech and bound them with prayers, setting before their eyes whom they wished to flee from and to whom to flee back; that he had undertaken war against thirty masters, not against wretched citizens; rather, all who remembered they were Athenians ought to follow the avengers of Athenian liberty.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thrasybulus appealed to the Athenians among the defeated.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.12 (CSEL 5:125; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.13CSEL 5:125–126
itaque haec adhortatio tantum apud illos ualuit, ut mox reuersi in ciuitatem tyrannos arce decedere atque Eleusinam emigrare conpulerint. qui postquam in societatem urbis ciues suos, eatenus exules, receperunt, tyrannos in bellum aemulatione suscitant, quibus libertas aliorum quasi ipsorum seruitus uidebatur.
This exhortation had such force with them that soon, returning to the city, they compelled the tyrants to leave the citadel and move to Eleusis. After these had received into partnership of the city their fellow citizens, till then exiles, the tyrants were roused to war by jealousy, since the freedom of others seemed to them their own slavery.
Notes and citation
Summary: The tyrants were driven to Eleusis and made war again.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.13 (CSEL 5:125–126; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.14CSEL 5:126
tunc indicta pugna cum prius quasi ad conloquium conuenirent, circumuenti insidiis ueluti pacis uictimae trucidantur: ita reuocati in unum, post inexplebiles magnorum lacrimas gaudiorum haec prima fundamina recuperatae libertatis instaurant proposita iuris iurandi contestatione, uti discordiae animositatesque praeteritae in obliuionem perpetuam atque immortale silentium deducantur.
Then, battle having been declared, when they first came together as if to a conference, they were surrounded by an ambush and slaughtered as victims of peace. So, called back into one, after insatiable tears of great joy, they laid these first foundations of recovered liberty, with the solemn sworn declaration that past discords and animosities should be consigned to perpetual oblivion and undying silence.
Notes and citation
Summary: The tyrants were killed and Athens swore to forget past quarrels.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.14 (CSEL 5:126; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.15CSEL 5:126
quod pactionis genus quasi nouam uitae institutionem nouamque felicitatem status sui informantes amnestiam uocauerunt, id est abolitionem malorum. sapientissima Atheniensium, praesertim post tanta miseriarum documenta, prouisio: si quo pacto res humanae manente consensu hominum ita ut ordinantur ualerent:
This kind of pact, as though shaping a new institution of life and a new happiness of their state, they called an amnesty, that is, an abolition of evils. A most wise provision of the Athenians, especially after so many proofs of miseries, if in any way human affairs could hold firm, with men's agreement remaining, as they are ordained:
Notes and citation
Summary: The amnesty was a wise measure.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.15 (CSEL 5:126; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.16CSEL 5:126–127
sed adeo hoc idem placitum inter ipsa paene placiti uerba corruptum est, ut uix intercedente biennio Socrates ille clarissimus philosophorum adactus malis ueneno sibi apud eos uitam extorserit, deinde uix quadraginta annis interuenientibus, ut alia sileam, idem Athenienses adempta sibi penitus libertate sub Philippo Macedonum rege seruierint.
but this same agreement was corrupted almost amid the very words of the agreement, so that scarcely two years later Socrates, that most famous of philosophers, driven by evils, wrung his life from himself by poison among them; then, scarcely forty years later, to say nothing of other things, the same Athenians, their liberty wholly taken from them, were slaves under Philip, king of the Macedonians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Yet soon Socrates was put to death and Athens fell to Philip.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.16 (CSEL 5:126–127; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.17.17CSEL 5:127
uerumtamen sapientissimi omnium Athenienses etiam suis malis satis docti concordia minimas res crescere, discordia maximas labi, cunctaque uel bona uel etiam mala quae foris geruntur internis esse radicata et emissa principiis, domi abstersere odia et foris bella presserunt, reliqueruntque posteris suis de ruina sui exemplum, de reparatione consilium: si tamen ob infirmissimam humanae mentis mutabilitatem, quod in adflictis rebus consulitur, in prosperis seruaretur.
Nevertheless the Athenians, wisest of all, sufficiently taught even by their own evils that small things grow by concord and the greatest fall by discord, and that all things good or even evil that are done abroad are rooted in and sent forth from internal beginnings, wiped away hatreds at home and checked wars abroad, and left to their posterity an example from their ruin and a counsel from their recovery: if only, because of the most feeble changeableness of the human mind, what is resolved in adversity were kept in prosperity.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens taught that concord builds and discord destroys.
- 'Small things grow by concord, the greatest fall by discord' is Sallust, *Jugurtha* 10.6.
Extrabiblical texts: Sallust, Iug. 10.6 (Sallust; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.17.17 (CSEL 5:127; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-17-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 18
2.18.1CSEL 5:127
Isdem fere diebus bellum ciuile, immo etiam plus quam ciuile, uix parricidio terminatum, apud Persas gerebatur. mortuo enim rege Dario cum Artaxerxes et Cyrus filii eius de regno ambigerent, tandem apparatibus magnis, prouinciarum ac populorum ruinis utrimque certatum:
At almost the same time a civil war, indeed more than civil, scarcely ended by fratricide, was waged among the Persians. For when King Darius had died and Artaxerxes and Cyrus his sons disputed the kingdom, at last they contended with great preparations and with the ruin of provinces and peoples on both sides:
Notes and citation
Summary: Artaxerxes and Cyrus fought for the Persian throne.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.18.1 (CSEL 5:127; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.18.2CSEL 5:127–128
in quo conflictu cum e diuerso concurrentes sibi ambo fratres mutuo casus obiectauisset, prior Artaxerxes uulneratus a fratre equi uelocitate morti exemptus euasit. Cyrus autem mox a cohorte regia oppressus finem certamini dedit. Artaxerxes ergo et praeda fraternae expeditionis et exercitu potitus potestatem regni parricidio firmauit.
in that conflict, when chance had set the two brothers against each other as they charged from opposite sides, Artaxerxes, wounded first by his brother, escaped from death by the speed of his horse. Cyrus, however, soon overwhelmed by the royal guard, put an end to the contest. So Artaxerxes, gaining both the plunder of his brother's expedition and its army, strengthened the power of the kingdom by fratricide.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cyrus was killed and Artaxerxes kept the throne.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.18.2 (CSEL 5:127–128; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.18.3CSEL 5:128
sic uniuersa Asia atque Europa, partim in se singulae, partim inter se inuicem funeribus et flagitiis permiscebantur.
So all Asia and Europe were confounded with deaths and crimes, partly each within itself, partly with one another.
Notes and citation
Summary: Asia and Europe were full of slaughter.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.18.3 (CSEL 5:128; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.18.4CSEL 5:128
Ecce paruissima pagina uerbisque paucissimis quantos de tot prouinciis populis atque urbibus non magis explicui actus operum, quam inplicui globos miseriarum. quis enim cladem illius temporis, quis fando funera explicet aut aequare lacrimis possit dolores?
See in how small a page and in how very few words I have not so much unfolded the deeds of so many provinces, peoples and cities as wrapped up masses of miseries. For who could unfold in speech the disaster of that time, who its deaths, or who could equal its sorrows with tears?
Notes and citation
Summary: Words cannot express the miseries of that age.
- The question echoes Virgil, *Aeneid* 2.361–362.
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil, Aen. 2.361 (Virgil; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.18.4 (CSEL 5:128; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.18.5CSEL 5:128–129
uerumtamen haec ipsa, quia multo interiectu saeculorum exoleuerunt, facta sunt nobis exercitia ingeniorum et oblectamenta fabularum. quamquam si quis intentius adhibeat animum seseque toto mentis adfectu ipsis paene causis bellisque permisceat ac rursus uelut in arce spectaculi constitutus utrumque in suis qualitatibus tempus permetiatur, facile dixerim eum iudicaturum, neque illa nisi irato atque auersato Deo posse tam infeliciter perturbari ac permisceri neque ista sic nisi propitio et miserante conponi.
Yet these very things, because they have faded through a long interval of ages, have become for us exercises of wit and the delights of tales. Although if anyone applies his mind more intently and with the whole affection of his mind almost mingles himself with those causes and wars, and again, set as on the height of a spectacle, measures both times in their qualities, I would readily say that he will judge that those times could not have been so unhappily disturbed and confounded except by an angry and averted God, nor these so ordered except by a propitious and merciful one.
Notes and citation
Summary: Comparing the ages shows God's anger then and his mercy now.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.18.5 (CSEL 5:128–129; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.18.6CSEL 5:129
His deinde temporibus grauissimo motu terrae concussa Sicilia, insuper exaestuantibus Aethnae montis ignibus fauillisque calidis cum detrimento plurimo agrorum uillarumque uastata est.
Then in these times Sicily, shaken by a very heavy earthquake, was moreover laid waste by the seething fires of Mount Etna and hot ashes, with very great damage to fields and villas.
Notes and citation
Summary: Earthquake and eruption struck Sicily.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): deimde → deinde; graoissimo → grauissimo; conomsa → concussa; fanillisque → fauillisque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.18.6 (CSEL 5:129; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.18.7CSEL 5:129
Tunc etiam Atalante ciuitas, Locris adhaerens terrae contigua, repentino maris impetu abscissa atque in insulam desolata est. Atheniensium quoque miserabiles reliquias pestis inuasit diuque populata est.
Then too the city of Atalante, adjoining Locris and connected to the land, was cut off by a sudden onrush of the sea and left desolate as an island. A plague too attacked the wretched remnants of the Athenians and long ravaged them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Atalante was cut off by the sea; plague struck Athens.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips): Tnnc etiam Atalaote ciuitas, Locris adhaorens → Tunc etiam Atalante ciuitas, Locris adhaerens; ia insulam → in insulam; innasit → inuasit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.18.7 (CSEL 5:129; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-18-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 2, chapter 19
2.19.1CSEL 5:129
Anno ab Vrbe condita CCCLV obsidio Veiorum decem continuis annis magis obsessores quam obsessos detriuit. nam Romani repentinis saepe hostium eruptionibus comminuti, praeterea in hibernis bella sortiri, hiemare sub pellibus, postremo famem ac frigus in conspectu hostium perpeti coacti sunt;
In the 355th year from the founding of the City, the siege of Veii for ten continuous years wore down the besiegers more than the besieged. For the Romans, crushed by frequent sudden sallies of the enemy, were moreover compelled to engage in war in winter quarters, to winter under skins, and finally to endure hunger and cold in sight of the enemy;
Notes and citation
Summary: The ten-year siege of Veii exhausted the Romans.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.1 (CSEL 5:129; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.2CSEL 5:129
urbem nouissime sine ullo digno Romanae uirtutis testimonio cuniculis et clandestina obreptione ceperunt.
at last they took the city, without any worthy testimony of Roman courage, by tunnels and a stealthy creeping in.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome took Veii by tunnels.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.2 (CSEL 5:129; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.3CSEL 5:129–130
hanc utilem magis quam nobilem uictoriam primo dictatoris Camilli, qui eam de Veientibus patrauit, exilium, dehinc inruptio Gallorum et incendium urbis insequitur.
This victory, more useful than glorious, was followed first by the exile of the dictator Camillus, who won it over the Veientes, then by the invasion of the Gauls and the burning of the City.
Notes and citation
Summary: Camillus's exile and the Gallic sack followed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): noouem → nobilem; dixtatoris → dictatoris.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.3 (CSEL 5:129–130; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.4CSEL 5:130
cui cladi audeat quisquam, si potest, aliquos motus huius temporis conparare: quamuis non aeque pendat praeteriti mali fabulam praesentis iniuria.
Let anyone, if he can, dare to compare any disturbances of this time with that disaster, although he does not weigh the tale of a past evil equally with the injury of a present one.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nothing today compares with the Gallic sack.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): oni cladi → cui cladi.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.4 (CSEL 5:130; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.5CSEL 5:130
igitur Galli senones duce brenno exercitu copioso et robusto nimis cum urbem Clusini, quae nunc Tuscia dicitur, obsiderent, legatos Romanorum, qui tunc conponendae inter eos pacis gratia uenerant, in acie aduersum se uidere pugnantes: qua indignatione permoti, Clusini oppidi obsidione dimissa, totis uiribus Romam contendunt.
So the Senonian Gauls under their leader Brennus, with a numerous and very strong army, while they were besieging the city of Clusium in what is now called Tuscia, saw the envoys of the Romans, who had come then to make peace between them, fighting against them in the battle line: moved by this indignation, they abandoned the siege of the town of Clusium and marched on Rome with all their strength.
Notes and citation
Summary: Roman envoys fought at Clusium, and the Gauls turned on Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): obsiderent,. → obsiderent,.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.5 (CSEL 5:130; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.6CSEL 5:130–131
hos ita mentes Fabius cum exercitu consul excepit; nec tamen obstitit, immo potius hostilis ille impetus quasi aridam segetem succidit strauit et transiit. testatur hanc Fabii cladem fluuius Halia, sicut Cremera Fabiorum. non enim facile aliquis similem ruinam Romanae militiae recenseret, etiam si Roma insuper incensa non esset.
The consul Fabius met them, raging as they were, with an army; yet he did not withstand them; rather, that hostile onset cut down, laid low and passed over it like a dry crop. The river Allia testifies to this disaster of Fabius, as the Cremera does to that of the Fabii. For no one would easily recount a like ruin of the Roman army, even if Rome had not been burned besides.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls crushed the Roman army at the Allia.
- 'Raging' renders the sense of the garbled *ita mentes*.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.6 (CSEL 5:130–131; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.7CSEL 5:131
patentem Galli urbem penetrant, trucidant rigentes simulacrorum modo in suis sedilibus senatores eosque incendio domorum crematos lapsu culminum suorum sepeliunt.
The Gauls entered the open city; they slaughtered the senators sitting stiff like statues in their seats, and, burned in the fire of their houses, buried them under the fall of their own roofs.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls killed the senators in their seats.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): trucidaat → trucidant.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.7 (CSEL 5:131; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.8CSEL 5:131
uniuersam reliquam iuuentutem, quam constat nu mille hominum tunc fuisse, in arce Capitolini montis latentem obsidione concludunt, ibique infelices reliquias fame peste desperatione formidine terunt subigunt uendunt:
All the remaining youth, which is known to have been then scarcely a thousand men, hiding in the citadel of the Capitoline hill, they shut in by siege, and there they wore down, subdued and sold the unhappy remnant by hunger, plague, despair and fear:
Notes and citation
Summary: The remnant was besieged on the Capitol.
- 'Scarcely' renders the garbled *nu*, probably *uix*.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.8 (CSEL 5:131; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.9CSEL 5:131
nam mille libris auri discessionis pretium paciscuntur, non quo apud Gallos Roma parui nominis fuerit, sed quo illam sic iam ante detriuerint, ut amplius tunc ualere non posset.
for they agreed on a thousand pounds of gold as the price of departure, not because Rome was of small repute among the Gauls, but because they had already so worn it down that it could not then be worth more.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls left for a thousand pounds of gold.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): diecessionis → discessionis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.9 (CSEL 5:131; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.10CSEL 5:131
exeuntibus Gallis remanserat in illo quondam Vrbis ambitu informium ruinarum obscena congeries, et undique per impedita errantium et inter sua ignotorum offensae uocis imago respondens trepidos suspendebat auditus. horror quatiebat animos, silentia ipsa terrebant: siquidem materia pauoris est raritas in spatiosis.
When the Gauls left, there remained within the once great circuit of the City an unsightly heap of shapeless ruins, and on every side the echo of a voice, striking against obstacles, answering those who wandered through the blocked ways and did not recognize their own places, held their trembling hearing in suspense. Horror shook their minds; the very silences terrified them: for scarcity in wide spaces is matter for fear.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome was left an echoing ruin.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): remanserat m illo → remanserat in illo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.10 (CSEL 5:131; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.11CSEL 5:131–132
hinc illis mutare sedes, aliud incolere oppidum, altero etiam censeri nomine cogitatum placitum atque temptatum est.
Hence they thought of, agreed on and attempted changing their seat, inhabiting another town, even being counted under another name.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Romans thought of moving to another city.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): plaoitum → placitum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.11 (CSEL 5:131–132; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.12CSEL 5:132
En tempora, quorum conparatione praesentia ponderantur; en, de quibus recordatio suspirat; en, quae incutiunt de electa uel potius de neglecta religione paenitentiam.
Behold the times by comparison with which the present is weighed; behold the times for which memory sighs; behold the times that strike repentance at the religion chosen, or rather neglected!
Notes and citation
Summary: These are the times the pagans long for.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): quomm → quorum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.12 (CSEL 5:132; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.13CSEL 5:132
reuera pares sunt et conferuntur inter se hae duae captiuitates: illa sex mensibus desaeuiens et tribus diebus ista transcurrens; Galli exstincto populo Vrbe deleta ipsum quoque Romae nomen in extremis cineribus persequentes et Gothi relicta intentione praedandi ad confugia salutis, hoc est sanctorum locorum, agmina ignara cogentes; ibi uix quemquam inuentum senatorem, qui uel absens euaserit, hic uix quemquam requiri,
Truly these two captivities are equal and may be compared with each other: that one raging for six months, this one passing in three days; the Gauls, having wiped out the people and destroyed the City, pursuing even the very name of Rome into its last ashes, and the Goths, abandoning the intention of plunder, driving bewildered crowds to refuges of safety, that is, to the holy places; there scarcely any senator was found who escaped even by absence, here scarcely any is sought
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gallic sack lasted six months, the Gothic three days and spared the churches.
- The sentence continues in 2.19.14.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): illa. sex → illa sex.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.13 (CSEL 5:132; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.14CSEL 5:132
qui forte ut latens perierit recte sane conpararim, hunc fuisse ibi seruatorum numerum, qui hic fuerit perditorum. plane, quod re proditur, et fatendum est: in hac clade praesenti plus Deum saeuisse, homines minus, cum, peragendo ipse quod illi non inpleuissent, cur eos miserit demonstrauit.
who perished by chance in hiding; I might rightly compare thus: the number of those saved there was the number of those lost here. Plainly, what is shown by the fact must also be confessed: in this present disaster God was more severe, men less, since, by himself accomplishing what they had not fulfilled, he showed why he had sent them.
Notes and citation
Summary: In 410 men were less cruel; God himself completed the chastisement.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.14 (CSEL 5:132; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.15CSEL 5:132–133
quippe cum supra humanas uires esset, incendere aeneas trabes et subruere magnarum moles structurarum, ictu fulminum forum cum imaginibus uanis, quae superstitione miserabili uel Deum uel hominem mentiuntur, abiectum est: horumque omnium abominamentorum, quod inmissa per hostem flamma non adiit, missus e caelo ignis euertit.
For since it was beyond human strength to set fire to bronze beams and to overthrow the masses of great structures, the forum with its empty images, which by wretched superstition falsely represent either a god or a man, was struck down by strokes of lightning; and of all these abominations, what the flame sent in by the enemy did not reach, fire sent from heaven overthrew.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lightning destroyed the pagan statues the Goths had not burned.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): quippe eum supra → quippe cum supra.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.15 (CSEL 5:132–133; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
2.19.16CSEL 5:133
Et quoniam uber dicendi materia est, quae nequaquam hoc concludi libro potest, hic praesentis uoluminis finis sit, ut in subsequentibus cetera persequamur.
And since the material for speaking is rich and can by no means be contained in this book, let this be the end of the present volume, so that we may pursue the rest in the following ones.
Notes and citation
Summary: Book 2 ends.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 2.19.16 (CSEL 5:133; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/2-19-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 0
3.0.1CSEL 5:134
Et superiore iam libro contestatus sum et nunc necessarie repeto secundum praeceptum tuum de anteactis conflictationibus saeculi: nec omnia nec per omnia posse quae gesta et sicut gesta sunt explicari, quoniam magna atque innumera copiosissime et a plurimis scripta sunt, scriptores autem etsi non easdem causas, easdem tamen res habuere propositas: quippe cum illi bella, nos bellorum miserias euoluamus.
I have already declared in the previous book, and now necessarily repeat according to your instruction about the past conflicts of the world, that not everything, nor in every detail, can be set out that was done and as it was done, since great and countless things have been written most copiously and by very many; and the writers, though they did not have the same purposes, had the same events before them: since they unroll wars, we the miseries of wars.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius cannot tell everything; he writes of the miseries of wars.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): innumera. copiosissime → innumera copiosissime.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.0.1 (CSEL 5:134; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-0-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-0-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.0.2CSEL 5:134–135
praeterea ex hac ipsa de qua queror abundantia angustia oritur mihi et concludit me sollicitudo nodosior. si enim aliqua studio breuitatis omitto, putabuntur aut mihi nunc defuisse aut in illo tunc tempore non fuisse; si uero significare cuncta nec exprimere studens conpendiosa breuitate succingo, obscura faciam et ita apud plerosque erunt dicta, ut nec dicta uideantur:
Moreover, from this very abundance of which I complain a difficulty arises for me, and a more knotted anxiety confines me. For if I omit some things for the sake of brevity, it will be thought either that they were lacking to me now or did not exist at that time; but if, striving to indicate everything without expressing it, I gird it up in compendious brevity, I shall make it obscure, and for many it will be so said that it will not seem said:
Notes and citation
Summary: Brevity risks omission or obscurity.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.0.2 (CSEL 5:134–135; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-0-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-0-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.0.3CSEL 5:135
maxime cum e contrario nos uim rerum, non imaginem commendare curemus; breuitas autem atque obscuritas, immo ut est semper obscura breuitas, etsi cognoscendi imaginem praefert, aufert tamen intellegendi uigorem. sed ego cum utrumque uitandum sciam, utrumque faciam ut quocumque modo alterutra temperentur, si nec multa praetermissa nec multum constricta uideantur.
especially since we, on the contrary, take care to commend the force of things, not their image; and brevity and obscurity, or rather brevity which is always obscure, though it offers an image of knowing, takes away the vigour of understanding. But since I know that both are to be avoided, I shall do both, so that each may in some way be tempered by the other, if neither many things seem passed over nor much compressed.
Notes and citation
Summary: He will balance brevity and clarity.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.0.3 (CSEL 5:135; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-0-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-0-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).