Leviticus 12 in the early church
52 passages quote, allude to, or echo Leviticus 12, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8
Leviticus 12:1
Then the LORD said to Moses,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 12:1–2 | Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.4 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Lev 12:1–8 | Demonstration 15.6 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Lev 12:1–8 | Leviticus, lines 30–50 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
| Lev 12:1–8 | Part 1, chapter 4 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Leviticus 12:2
“Say to the Israelites, ‘A woman who becomes pregnant and gives birth to a son will be unclean for seven days, as she is during the days of her menstruation.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 12:2 | Homily on Luke 14 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Lev 12:2 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.1 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 12:2 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 12:2 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 12:2 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Lev 12:2 | Canons of Hippolytus, canon 18 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 4th century |
| Lev 12:2 | Preparation for the Gospel 8.8.31 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, low confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Lev 12:2–5 | Commentary on 1 Corinthians 7:5 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, low confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Lev 12:2–4 | Against Helvidius 10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383 |
Leviticus 12:3
And on the eighth day the flesh of the boy’s foreskin is to be circumcised.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 12:3 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 12:3 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.4 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 12:3 | Commentary on Romans 2.9 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Lev 12:3 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Lev 12:3 | Recognitions 9.28 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | Greek original 3rd–4th century; Rufinus's Latin translation before 407 |
| Lev 12:3 | Preparation for the Gospel 6.10.42 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Lev 12:3 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.0.5 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Lev 12:3 | Tractates 1.13.2 · Zeno of Verona | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| Lev 12:3 | Question 29, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Lev 12:3 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.32.12 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Lev 12:3 | Against Fate, part 10 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380–394 |
| Lev 12:3 | Exposition of Psalm 118 0.2.1 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-397 |
| Lev 12:3 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 16.29 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 398–400 |
| Lev 12:3 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 27 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
Leviticus 12:4
The woman shall continue in purification from her bleeding for thirty-three days. She must not touch anything sacred or go into the sanctuary until the days of her purification are complete.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 12:4 | Protevangelium of James 4 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 150–200 |
| Lev 12:4 | Arabic Pentateuch fragment III · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | unknown (transmitted in a medieval Arabic catena) |
| Lev 12:4 | Homily on Luke 14 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Lev 12:4 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 12:4 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Lev 12:4 | Apology of the Prophet David 56 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 384-390 |
| Lev 12:4 | Sermon 33 · Peter Chrysologus | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Leviticus 12:5
If, however, she gives birth to a daughter, the woman will be unclean for two weeks as she is during her menstruation. Then she must continue in purification from her bleeding for sixty-six days.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 12:5 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Leviticus 12:6
When the days of her purification are complete, whether for a son or for a daughter, she is to bring to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting a year-old lamb for a burnt offering and a young pigeon or a turtledove for a sin offering.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 12:6 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 12:6 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 12:6 | Homilies on Leviticus 12.4 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 12:6–8 | Against Celsus 7.50 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 248 |
| Lev 12:6 | Commentary on Romans 5.9 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Lev 12:6–7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Leviticus 12:7
And the priest will present them before the LORD and make atonement for her; and she shall be ceremonially cleansed from her flow of blood. This is the law for a woman giving birth, whether to a male or to a female.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 12:7 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
Leviticus 12:8
But if she cannot afford a lamb, she shall bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering. Then the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be clean.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lev 12:8 | Against Heresies 3.10.4 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Lev 12:8 | Homily on Luke 14 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 233–250 |
| Lev 12:8 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 12:8 | Homilies on Leviticus 8.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Lev 12:8 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 3.173 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Lev 12:8 | Homily on the Song of Songs 2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–250 |
| Lev 12:8 | Commentary on Romans 5.9 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Lev 12:8 | Book 1, lines 174–196 · Juvencus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 330 |
| Lev 12:8 | Hexameron (Exameron) 5.62 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Lev 12:8 | The Harmony of the Gospels 2.17 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 399–400 |