Oration to the Greeks 17
Summary: Magic and amulets work only as signals the demons have agreed to answer; God made nothing for evil use.
Greek text · Otto 6:74–80
Περὶ γὰρ τῶν κατὰ τὸν Δημόκριτον συμπαθειῶν τε καὶ ἀντιπαθειῶν τί καὶ λέγειν ἔχομεν, ἢ τοῦθʼ ὅτι κατὰ τὸν κοινὸν λόγον ἀβδηρολόγος ἐστὶν ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀβδήρων ἄνθρωπος; Ὥσπερ δὲ ὁ τῇ πόλει τῆς προσηγορίας αἴτιος, φίλος ὢν Ἡρακλέους ὥς φασιν, ὑπὸ τῶν Διομήδους ἵππων κατεβρώθη, τρόπῳ τῷ αὐτῷ καὶ ὁ τὸν μάγον Ὀστάνην καυχώμενος ἐν ἡμέρᾳ συντελείας πυρὸς αἰωνίου βορᾷ παραδοθήσεται. Καὶ ὑμεῖς δέ, τοῦ γέλωτος ἢν μὴ ἀποπαύσησθε, τῶν αὐτῶν ὧνπερ καὶ οἱ γόητες τιμωριῶν ἀπολαύσετε. Διόπερ, ὦ Ἕλληνες, κεκραγότος ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ μετεώρου κατακούσατέ μου, μηδὲ ἐπιτωθάζοντες τὴν ὑμετέραν ἀλογιστίαν ἐπὶ τὸν κήρυκα τῆς ἀληθείας μετάγετε. Πάθος οὐκ ἔστι διʼ ἀντιπαθείας ἀπολλύμενον, οὐδὲ ὁ μεμηνὼς σκυτίδων ἐξαρτήμασι θεραπεύεται. Δαιμόνων εἰσὶν ἐπιφοιτήσεις· καὶ ὁ νοσῶν καὶ ὁ λέγων ἐρᾶν, καὶ ὁ μισῶν καὶ ὁ βουλόμενος ἀμύνεσθαι, τούτους λαμβάνουσι βοηθούς. Τρόπος δὲ αὐτοῖς τῆς μηχανῆς οὗτος. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οἱ τῶν γραμμάτων χαρακτῆρες, στίχοι τε οἱ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν, οὐ καθʼ ἑαυτούς εἰσι δυνατοὶ σημαίνειν τὸ συνταττόμενον, σημεῖα δὲ τῶν ἐννοιῶν σφίσιν ἄνθρωποι δεδημιουργήκασι, παρὰ τὴν ποιὰν αὐτῶν σύνθεσιν γινώσκοντες ὅπως καὶ ἡ τάξις τῶν γραμμάτων ἔχειν νενομοθέτηται, παραπλησίως καὶ τῶν ῥιζῶν αἱ ποικιλίαι, νευρῶν τε καὶ ὀστέων παραλήψεις, οὐκ αὐταὶ καθʼ ἑαυτὰς δραστικαί τινές εἰσι, στοιχείωσις δέ ἐστι τῆς τῶν δαιμόνων μοχθηρίας, οἳ πρὸς ἅπερ ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἰσχύει ὡρίκασιν. Ἐπεὶ δʼ ἂν παρειλημμένην ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων θεάσωνται τὴν διʼ αὐτῶν ὑπηρεσίαν, λαμβάνοντες σφίσιν αὐτοῖς δουλεύειν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἀπεργάζονται. Πῶς δʼ ἂν ἀγαθὸν μοιχείαις ὑπηρετεῖν; Πῶς δὲ καὶ σπουδαῖον πρὸς τὸ μισεῖν τινας παριόντας βοηθεῖν; Ἢ πῶς ὕλῃ καλὸν προσανάπτειν τὴν εἰς τοὺς μεμηνότας βοήθειαν καὶ μὴ τῷ θεῷ; Τέχνῃ γὰρ τῆς θεοσεβείας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους παρατρέπουσιν, πόαις αὐτοὺς καὶ ῥίζαις πείθεσθαι παρασκευάζοντες. Ὁ δὲ θεός, εἴπερ αὐτὰ πρὸς τὸ ποιεῖν ἅπερ οἱ ἄνθρωποι βούλονται κατεσκευάκει, πονηρῶν ἂν ἦν πραγμάτων δημιουργός· ἐπεὶ αὐτὸς μὲν πᾶν τὸ εὖ πως ἔχον ἐδημιούργησεν, ἡ δὲ τῶν δαιμόνων ἀσωτία τοῖς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ πρὸς τὸ κακοποιεῖν ἐχρήσατο, καὶ τούτων ἐστὶ τῆς κακίας εἶδος καὶ οὐχὶ τοῦ τελείου. Πῶς γὰρ ζῶν μὲν ἥκιστα μοχθηρὸς εἴην, νεκροῦ δὲ ὄντος μου λείψανον τὸ ἐν ἐμοί, μηδὲν ἐμοῦ πράττοντος, τὸ μήτε κινούμενον ἀλλὰ μήτε αἰσθανόμενον, αἰσθητόν τι ἀπεργάσεται; Πῶς δὲ ὁ τεθνεὼς οἰκτίστῳ θανάτῳ δυνήσεται πρὸς τιμωρίαν τινὸς ἐξυπηρετῆσαι; Τοῦτο γὰρ εἰ οὕτως εἴη, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ τὸν οἰκεῖον ἐχθρὸν ἀμύνηται· δυνάμενος γὰρ καὶ ἄλλοις βοηθεῖν ἔκδικος πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἑαυτοῦ καταστήσεται.
English · Claude translation
What can we even say about the sympathies and antipathies of Democritus, except that, as the common saying goes, the man from Abdera talks Abderite nonsense? And just as the man who gave the city its name, a friend of Heracles as they say, was devoured by the horses of Diomedes, so too the one who boasts of the magus Ostanes will be handed over on the day of the consummation as food for eternal fire. And you too, unless you stop laughing, will enjoy the same punishments as the sorcerers. So, Greeks, listen to me as I cry out to you as if from on high, and do not by mocking shift your own irrationality onto the herald of the truth. A disease is not destroyed by an antipathy, nor is a madman cured by hanging leather amulets on him. These are visitations of demons; and the sick, the one who says he is in love, the one who hates, and the one who wants revenge take the demons as their helpers. This is how their contrivance works. The shapes of letters and the lines made from them cannot by themselves signify what is composed; human beings have made them signs of their thoughts, knowing from the particular way they are combined how the order of the letters has been fixed. In the same way the varieties of roots and the use of sinews and bones are not effective in themselves, but are the alphabet of the demons' wickedness, who have determined what each of them is good for. When they see that people have taken up the service rendered through these things, they take hold of them and make them their slaves. How can it be good to assist adultery? How can it be right to help someone hate the people he passes by? Or how is it right to credit matter, and not God, with helping the mad? By their art they turn people away from piety, getting them to trust in herbs and roots. If God had made these things to do what people want, he would be the maker of evil things. But he made everything that is in any way good, and it is the profligacy of the demons that has used the things in the world to do evil; the form of the evil is theirs and not the perfect God's. For if while alive I am not at all wicked, how will my remains, when I am dead and doing nothing, a thing that neither moves nor perceives, produce anything perceptible? And how can a man who died a most miserable death serve to avenge someone? If this were so, he would much rather avenge himself on his own enemy; for if he could help others, he would much rather become his own avenger.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- Abdera, Democritus's city, was named after Abderus, a companion of Heracles devoured by the mares of Diomedes; “Abderite” was a byword for foolishness.
- Ostanes was a legendary Persian magus; Democritus was said to have learned from him.
- The last sentences reject the magical use of bones and the belief that those who died violent deaths could be enlisted for vengeance.
Cite this passage
Tatian, Or. Graec. 17 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tatian-oration/17/).
Plain text
Tatian, Or. Graec. 17 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tatian-oration/17/).
Download citation:BibTeX ·RIS (Zotero, EndNote)
Whole work:BibTeX ·RIS ·Markdown text