Against Celsus 3.34

Summary: Origen rejects Celsus's comparison of Christian worship with the hero cults of Zamolxis, Mopsus, and others: Christians build no temples or statues but, through Jesus as mediator and high priest, pray to the God over all.

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Greek text · Koetschau 1:230–231

Ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν ἡγοῦμαι ὅτι τούτους μόνους ἠπίστατο ὁ Κέλσος. καὶ ἵνα δοκῇ ἑκὼν παραλιπεῖν τὰ παραπλήσια, εἶπε τό· καὶ ἄλλους ἔχοι τις ἂν εἰπεῖν τοιούσδε πλείονας. ἔστω δʼ οὖν καὶ δεδόσθω τοιούσδε γεγονέναι πλείονας, μηδὲν ὠφεληκότας τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος. τί τούτων ἕκαστον εὑρεθείη ἂν πρὸς τὸ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἔργον καὶ τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ παράδοξα, περὶ ὧν ἐπὶ πλεῖον εἰρήκαμεν; μετὰ ταῦτα παραπλήσιον ἡμᾶς οἴεται πεποιηκέναι τὸν, ὥς φησιν ὁ Κέλσος, ἁλόντα καὶ ἀποθανόντα θρησκεύοντας τοῖς Γέταις σέβουσι τὸν Ζάμολξιν καὶ Κίλιξι τὸν Μόψον καὶ Ἀκαρνᾶσι τὸν Ἀμφίλοχον καὶ Θηβαίοις τὸν Ἀμφιάρεω καὶ Λεβαδίοις τὸν Τροφώνιον. καὶ ἐν τούτοις δὲ ἐλέγξομεν αὐτὸν οὐκ εὐλόγως ἡμᾶς ὁμοιώσαντα τοῖς προειρημένοις. οἱ μὲν γὰρ νεὼς καὶ ἀγάλματα κατεσκεύασαν τοῖς κατειλεγμένοις, ἡμεῖς δὲ τὴν διὰ τῶν τοιούτων τιμὴν ἀνελόντες ἀπὸ τοῦ θείου (ὡς ἁρμοζόντων μᾶλλον δαιμονίοις οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅπως ἱδρυμένοις ἔν τινι τόπῳ, ὃν ἤτοι προκαταλαμβάνουσιν ἢ διά τινων τελετῶν ἀχθέντες καὶ μαγγανειῶν ὥσπερ οἰκοῦσιν) τεθήπαμεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν τὸν νοῦν ἡμῶν μεταθέντα ἀπὸ παντὸς αἰσθητοῦ. ὡς οὐ μόνον φθαρτοῦ ἀλλὰ καὶ φθαρησομένου, καὶ ἀνάγοντα ἐπὶ τὴν μετὰ ὀρθοῦ βίου πρὸς τὸν ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεὸν τιμὴν μετʼ εὐχῶν, ἃς προσάγομεν αὐτῷ ὡς διὰ μεταξὺ ὄντος τῆς τοῦ ἀγενήτου καὶ τῆς τῶν γενητῶν πάντων φύσεως, καὶ φέροντος μὲν ἡμῖν τὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς εὐεργεσίας διακομίζοντος δʼ ἡμῶν τρόπον ἀρχιερέως τὰς εὐχὰς πρὸς τὸν ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεόν.

English · Claude translation

I think these were the only ones Celsus knew; and so as to seem to have deliberately left out similar cases, he said, “And one could name many others of this kind.” Suppose it granted that there were many more of this kind, who did the human race no good: what would each of them be found to be compared with the work of Jesus and the marvels about him, of which we have spoken at length? After this he thinks we have done something similar in worshiping one who, as Celsus says, “was taken and died,” to the Getae who revere Zamolxis, the Cilicians Mopsus, the Acarnanians Amphilochus, the Thebans Amphiaraus, and the Lebadeans Trophonius. Here too we shall show that he has not reasonably likened us to those mentioned. For they built temples and statues to those listed, whereas we have removed from the divine the honor paid through such things (as more suited to daemons, who are somehow established in a certain place, which they either seize beforehand or, drawn by certain rites and charms, as it were inhabit), and we are amazed at Jesus, who transferred our minds from everything perceptible, as not only corruptible but destined to perish, and leads them up to the honor paid, with an upright life, to the God over all, with prayers which we offer to him through Jesus, as one who is between the nature of the unbegotten and that of all begotten things, who brings us the benefits from the Father and, like a high priest, conveys our prayers to the God over all.

About this passage

Source
Koetschau 1:230–231 · Paul Koetschau, ed., Origenes Werke 1–2: Gegen Celsus, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1899) · Greek text: P. Koetschau, Origenes Werke 1–2 (GCS 2–3, 1899), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Koetschau, GCS 2–3. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; no textual problem is noted in this passage.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-27 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Koetschau, GCS 2–3; made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 4 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Scripture
Extrabiblical texts
  • Herodotus, Hist. 4.94–96 (Herodotus, Histories) · allusion, low confidence
Topics
Christology, Prayer

Notes

Translation notes

  • Zamolxis (Herodotus 4.94–96), Mopsus, Amphilochus, Amphiaraus, and Trophonius were heroes with oracle-shrines. Christ as high priest is the language of Hebrews (e.g. Heb 4:14; 7:25). Origen's description of Christ as “between the nature of the unbegotten and that of all begotten things” is his own formulation, later debated.

Cite this passage

Origen, Cels. 3.34 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/3/34/).

Plain text
Origen, Cels. 3.34 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/3/34/).

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