Hosea 4 in the early church
[Vulgate: Osee]
49 passages quote, allude to, or echo Hosea 4, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 8 · 9 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 16 · 19
Hosea 4:1
Hear the word of the LORD, O children of Israel, for the LORD has a case against the people of the land: “There is no truth, no loving devotion, and no knowledge of God in the land!
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:1 | Against Heresies 1.19.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Hos 4:1–3 | To Quirinus 3.47 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| Hos 4:1 | To Demetrian 9 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 252–253 |
| Hos 4:1 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 34.18.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
Hosea 4:2
Cursing and lying, murder and stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:2 | To Demetrian 9 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 252–253 |
| Hos 4:2 | Preparation for the Gospel 12.30.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Hos 4:2 | Catechetical Lecture 12.7 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Hos 4:2 | Catechetical Lecture 15.2 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 350 |
| Hos 4:2 | Homilies on Matthew 68.1 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Hos 4:2 | Homilies on Matthew 74.1 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| Hos 4:2 | On 1 Cor 7:39, section 2 · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 390 |
Hosea 4:3
Therefore the land mourns, and all who dwell in it will waste away with the beasts of the field and the birds of the air; even the fish of the sea disappear.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:3 | To Demetrian 9 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 252–253 |
| Hos 4:3 | Divine Institutes 7.16.8 · Lactantius | echo, low confidence | ca. 303–311 |
Hosea 4:4
But let no man contend; let no man offer reproof; for your people are like those who contend with a priest.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:4 | To Demetrian 9 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, medium confidence | 252–253 |
Hosea 4:5
You will stumble by day, and the prophet will stumble with you by night; so I will destroy your mother—
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:5 | Eleven Tractates 1.22 · Priscillian | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Hosea 4:6
My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. Because you have rejected knowledge, I will also reject you as My priests. Since you have forgotten the law of your God, I will also forget your children.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:6 | Demonstration 14.17 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Hos 4:6 | Apostolic Constitutions 6.15.3 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Hos 4:6 | Liber Orsiesii 11 · Orsiesius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380-390 |
| Hos 4:6 | Eleven Tractates 1.22 · Priscillian | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Hos 4:6 | The Conferences 14.16 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Hosea 4:8
They feed on the sins of My people and set their hearts on iniquity.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:8 | Homilies on Leviticus 5.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Hos 4:8 | Homily 14.2 on 1 Timothy · John Chrysostom | quotation, high confidence | ca. 392-397 |
Hosea 4:9
And it shall be like people, like priest. I will punish both of them for their ways and repay them for their deeds.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:9 | Demonstration 14.3 · Aphrahat | allusion, medium confidence | 337-345 |
| Hos 4:9 | Oration 2.38 · Gregory of Nazianzus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Hos 4:9 | Oration 16.10 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, low confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Hos 4:9 | Letter 128.5 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Hos 4:9 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.6.4 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Hos 4:9 | Liber Orsiesii 31 · Orsiesius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380-390 |
Hosea 4:12
My people consult their wooden idols, and their divining rods inform them. For a spirit of prostitution leads them astray and they have played the harlot against their God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:12 | On Modesty 5 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 210–220 |
| Hos 4:12 | Commentary on Matthew 15.18 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Hos 4:12 | Demonstration of the Gospel 10.2.13 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Hos 4:12 | Catechetical Lecture 16.15 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Hos 4:12 | Life of Antony 6 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Hos 4:12 | Tractates 1.13.6 · Zeno of Verona | quotation, high confidence | ca. 362-380 |
| Hos 4:12 | Ancoratus 72.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Hos 4:12 | The Conferences 7.32 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| Hos 4:12 | The Conferences 14.11 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Hosea 4:13
They sacrifice on the mountaintops and burn offerings on the hills, under oak, poplar, and terebinth, because their shade is pleasant. And so your daughters turn to prostitution and your daughters-in-law to adultery.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:13 | Tractates on the Psalms 120.4 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, low confidence | ca. 360–367 |
| Hos 4:13 | Oration 38.14 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Hos 4:13 | Oration 45.26 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, low confidence | ca. 362–383 |
Hosea 4:14
I will not punish your daughters when they prostitute themselves, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery. For the men themselves go off with prostitutes and offer sacrifices with shrine prostitutes. So a people without understanding will come to ruin.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:14 | The Instructor 1.9.77 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Hos 4:14 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 293 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Hos 4:14 | PG 12:1185 (Ps 8–9 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Hos 4:14 | Homilies on Exodus 8.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Hos 4:14 | Letter 140.15 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Hos 4:14–15 | Liber Orsiesii 43 · Orsiesius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380-390 |
Hosea 4:16
For Israel is as obstinate as a stubborn heifer. Can the LORD now shepherd them like lambs in an open meadow?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:16 | Oration 26.18 · Gregory of Nazianzus | echo, low confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Hos 4:16 | Homilies 13.1 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
Hosea 4:19
The whirlwind has wrapped them in its wings, and their sacrifices will bring them shame.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 4:19 | Eleven Tractates 1.7 · Priscillian | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380–385 |