Ezekiel 44 in the early church
[Vulgate: Ezechiel]
25 passages quote, allude to, or echo Ezekiel 44, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 9 · 10 · 15 · 22 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28
Ezekiel 44:1
The man then brought me back to the outer gate of the sanctuary that faced east, but it was shut.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 44:1 | Homilies on Ezekiel 14.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Ezek 44:1–2 | Letter 49.21 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Ezek 44:1–3 | Part 2, chapter 36 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Ezekiel 44:2
And the LORD said to me, “This gate is to remain shut. It shall not be opened, and no man shall enter through it, because the LORD, the God of Israel, has entered through it. Therefore it will remain shut.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 44:2 | Homilies on Ezekiel 14.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Ezek 44:2 | Homilies on Ezekiel 14.2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Ezek 44:2 | Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 9 · Rufinus of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 404 |
Ezekiel 44:3
Only the prince himself may sit inside the gateway to eat in the presence of the LORD. He must enter by way of the portico of the gateway and go out the same way.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 44:3 | Dialogue with Trypho 118.2 · Justin Martyr | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 155–160 |
| Ezek 44:3 | Homilies on Ezekiel 14.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Ezek 44:3 | Homilies on Ezekiel 14.2 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
Ezekiel 44:9
This is what the Lord GOD says: No foreigner uncircumcised in heart and flesh may enter My sanctuary—not even a foreigner who lives among the Israelites.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 44:9 | Miscellanies 4.25.157 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Ezek 44:9 | Commentary on Romans 2.13 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
Ezekiel 44:10
Surely the Levites who wandered away from Me when Israel went astray, and who wandered away from Me after their idols, will bear the consequences of their iniquity.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 44:10 | Miscellanies 4.25.157 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Ezek 44:10–13 | Against Novatian 2 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | after 251 (disputed) |
| Ezek 44:10–14 | Against Jovinianus 2.28 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 393 |
Ezekiel 44:15
But the Levitical priests, who are descended from Zadok and who kept charge of My sanctuary when the Israelites went astray from Me, are to approach Me to minister before Me. They will stand before Me to offer Me fat and blood, declares the Lord GOD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 44:15–31 | Letter to Africanus 17 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 240–245 |
Ezekiel 44:22
And they shall not marry a widow or a divorced woman, but must marry a virgin of the descendants of the house of Israel, or a widow of a priest.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 44:22 | Demonstration 18.6 · Aphrahat | allusion, medium confidence | 337-345 |
| Ezek 44:22 | Letter 1 to Himerius of Tarragona, chapter 8 · Siricius, bishop of Rome | quotation, high confidence | 385 |
| Ezek 44:22 | Letter 2 to Victricius of Rouen, chapter 4 · Innocent I, bishop of Rome | allusion, medium confidence | 401–417 |
| Ezek 44:22–24 | Commentary on Ezekiel 44:22 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 410-414 |
| Ezek 44:22 | Letter 5 to the bishops of Illyricum, chapter 3 · Leo I, bishop of Rome (Leo the Great) | allusion, medium confidence | 440–461 |
| Ezek 44:22 | Letter 12 to the bishops of Mauretania Caesariensis, chapter 3 · Leo I, bishop of Rome (Leo the Great) | allusion, medium confidence | 440–461 |
Ezekiel 44:25
A priest must not defile himself by going near a dead person. However, for a father, a mother, a son, a daughter, a brother, or an unmarried sister, he may do so,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 44:25 | Miscellanies 4.25.158 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
Ezekiel 44:26
and after he is cleansed, he must count off seven days for himself.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 44:26 | Miscellanies 4.25.158 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
Ezekiel 44:27
And on the day he goes into the sanctuary, into the inner court, to minister in the sanctuary, he must present his sin offering, declares the Lord GOD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 44:27 | Miscellanies 4.25.158 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
Ezekiel 44:28
In regard to their inheritance, I am their inheritance. You are to give them no possession in Israel, for I am their possession.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 44:28 | Tractates on the Psalms 118.8.3 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 360–367 |