Acts of Crispina (complete)

Latin text: Ruinart 1689 (OCR text layer from Google Books; cleaned for this site).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).

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Chapter 1

1Ruinart, 494

Diocletiano et Maximiano consulibus, die Nonarum Decembrium, apud Coloniam Thebestinam, in secretario pro tribunali sedente Anulino proconsule, Commentariensis officium dixit: Thagarensis Crispina, quae legem dominorum principum contemnit, si jubes, audiatur. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Inducatur. Et inducta beata Crispina, Anulinus proconsul dixit: Praecepti sacri jam cognovisti sententiam? Beata Crispina respondit: Quid illud praeceptum sit, nescio. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Ut omnibus diis nostris pro salute principum sacrifices, secundum legem datam a dominis nostris Diocletiano et Maximiano piis Augustis, et Constantio nobilissimo Caesare. Beata Crispina respondit: Numquam ego sacrificavi, nec sacrifico nisi uni Deo, et Domino nostro Jesu Christo filio ejus, qui natus est, et passus. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Amputa superstitionem, et subjuga caput tuum ad sacra deorum nostrorum. Beata Crispina respondit: Cottidie veneror Deum meum, praeter quem alium non novi. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Dura es et contemtrix, et incipies vim legum invita sustinere. Beata Crispina respondit: Quicquid evenerit, pro fide mea quam teneo, libenter patiar. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Vanitas est tanta animi tui, ut jam non dimissa superstitione sacra numina venereris? Beata Crispina respondit: Cottidie veneror, sed Dominum meum, praeter quem alium non novi. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Ego sacrum praeceptum offeram quod observes. Beata Crispina respondit: Praeceptum observo, sed Domini mei Jesu Christi. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Perdes caput, si non obediens fueris jussis imperatorum dominorum nostrorum, quibus deservire cogeris subjugata. Quod et omnis Africa fecit, nec tibi dubium est. Beata Crispina respondit: Numquam sit illis bene, ut me daemoniis ferant sacrificare; sed sacrifico Domino, qui fecit caelum et terram, mare et omnia quae in eis sunt. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Ergo isti dii non sunt a te accepti, quibus exhibere cognosceris famulatum, ut salva pervenias ad devotionem? Beata Crispina respondit: Nulla devotio est, quae opprimi cogit invitos. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Sed utinam devota sequaris, ut in templis sacris flexo capite diis Romanorum tura immoles. Beata Crispina respondit: Hoc non feci aliquando ex quo nata sum, nec novi; nec faciam usquequo vita vixero. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Sacrifica, si vis a legum severitate immunis evadere. Beata Crispina respondit: Quod dicis non timeo, hoc nihil est; Deum autem qui in caelis est, si contempsero, sacrilega ero, et semel me perdet, ut non inveniar in illo die venturo. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Sacrilega non eris, si sacris obtemperes jussionibus. Beata Crispina respondit: Quid vis? ut sim sacrilega apud Deum, et apud imperatores non sim? Absit. Deus magnus et omnipotens est, qui fecit mare et herbas virides, et aridam terram; homines autem, facti ab ipso, quid mihi possunt praestare? Anulinus proconsul dixit: Cole religionem Romanam, quam et domini nostri invictissimi Caesares, et nos ipsi observamus. Beata Crispina respondit: Deum novi tantum, nam illi dii lapides sunt, et figmenta manuum hominum facta. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Blasphemiam loqueris; nam non prosequeris quae saluti tuae conveniunt. Et adjecit Anulinus proconsul, et Commentariensi officio dixit: Ad omnem deformationem deducta, a novacula ablatis crinibus decalvetur, ut ejus primum series ad pompam perveniat. Beata Crispina respondit: Loquantur ipsi dii, et credam. Ego si salutem non quaererem audiendam, ante tribunal tuum non essem. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Diu vivere desideras, aut mori in poenis, sicut et ceterae consortes tuae Maxima, Donatilla et Secunda? Beata Crispina respondit: Si mori vellem, et in interitum animam meam tradere, et in ignem aeternum, tuis daemoniis darem voluntatem meam. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Caput tibi incidam, si deos venerabiles adorare despexeris. Beata Crispina respondit: Gratias ago Deo meo, si hoc fuero consecuta. Caput meum perdo semel, sed si turificavero idolis. Anulinus proconsul dixit: Et omnino in isto sensu tuo stulto perfidis? Beata Crispina respondit: Deus meus qui est, et qui fuit, ipse me jussit nasci; ipse dedit mihi salutem per aquam lactis baptismi; ipse mecum est, ut anima mea, sicut tu vis, non faciat sacrilegium.

When Diocletian and Maximian were consuls, on the Nones of December, at the colony of Theveste, in the council chamber, Anulinus the proconsul sitting on the tribunal, the clerk of the court said, “Crispina of Thagara, who despises the law of our lords the emperors, is to be heard, if you so order.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “Let her be brought in.” And when blessed Crispina had been brought in, Anulinus the proconsul said, “Do you already know the terms of the sacred command?” Blessed Crispina answered, “I do not know what that command is.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “That you sacrifice to all our gods for the welfare of the emperors, according to the law given by our lords Diocletian and Maximian, the dutiful Augusti, and Constantius, the most noble Caesar.” Blessed Crispina answered, “I have never sacrificed, nor do I sacrifice, except to the one God, and to our Lord Jesus Christ his Son, who was born and suffered.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “Cut off this superstition, and bow your head to the rites of our gods.” Blessed Crispina answered, “Every day I worship my God, and besides him I know no other.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “You are hard and contemptuous, and you will begin to suffer the force of the laws against your will.” Blessed Crispina answered, “Whatever happens, I will gladly suffer it for the faith that I hold.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “Is your mind so empty that you will not now put away your superstition and worship the sacred divinities?” Blessed Crispina answered, “Every day I worship, but my Lord, besides whom I know no other.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “I will set before you the sacred command, for you to observe.” Blessed Crispina answered, “I observe a command, but that of my Lord Jesus Christ.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “You will lose your head if you do not obey the orders of the emperors our lords, whom you will be forced to serve in submission. All Africa has done so, as you well know.” Blessed Crispina answered, “May it never go well with them, that they would make me sacrifice to demons; but I sacrifice to the Lord, who made heaven and earth, the sea and all that is in them.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “So these gods are not accepted by you, to whom you are known to owe service, so that you may come safely to devotion?” Blessed Crispina answered, “There is no devotion that compels the unwilling under pressure.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “But would that you would be devout and follow, so that with bowed head you might offer incense to the gods of the Romans in the sacred temples.” Blessed Crispina answered, “I have never done this since I was born, nor do I know how; nor will I do it as long as I live.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “Sacrifice, if you wish to escape unharmed from the severity of the laws.” Blessed Crispina answered, “I do not fear what you say; it is nothing. But if I despise God who is in heaven, I shall be sacrilegious, and he will destroy me once for all, so that I am not found on that day to come.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “You will not be sacrilegious if you obey the sacred commands.” Blessed Crispina answered, “What do you want? That I be sacrilegious before God and not before the emperors? Far from it. God is great and almighty, who made the sea and the green plants and the dry land; but men, who were made by him, what can they give me?” Anulinus the proconsul said, “Practice the Roman religion, which our lords the most invincible Caesars and we ourselves observe.” Blessed Crispina answered, “I know God alone; for those gods are stones, and figments made by the hands of men.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “You speak blasphemy; for you do not pursue what is good for your welfare.” And Anulinus the proconsul went on, and said to the clerk of the court, “Let her be brought to every disfigurement: let her hair be cut off with a razor and her head shaved, so that her shame may first be made a public show.” Blessed Crispina answered, “Let the gods themselves speak, and I will believe. If I were not seeking salvation, I would not be before your tribunal to be heard.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “Do you want to live long, or to die in torments, like your other companions, Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda?” Blessed Crispina answered, “If I wished to die, and to hand my soul over to destruction and to eternal fire, I would give my will to your demons.” Anulinus the proconsul said, “I will cut off your head if you refuse to adore the venerable gods.” Blessed Crispina answered, “I give thanks to my God if I obtain this. I lose my head once; but if I burn incense to idols …” Anulinus the proconsul said, “And do you persist altogether in this foolish opinion of yours?” Blessed Crispina answered, “My God, who is and who was, ordered me to be born; he gave me salvation through the water of baptism, the water of milk; he is with me, so that my soul does not commit sacrilege, as you wish it to.”

Exod 20:11 (allusion, medium confidence) · Ps 146:6 (145:6 Vulg.) (allusion, medium confidence) · Acts 4:24 (allusion, medium confidence) · Gen 1:9 (allusion, medium confidence) · Ps 115:4 (113:12 Vulg.) (allusion, medium confidence) · Ps 135:15 (134:15 Vulg.) (allusion, low confidence) · Rev 1:8 (allusion, medium confidence) · Matt 25:41 (echo, low confidence) · 1 Pet 2:2 (echo, low confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Crispina of Thagara, brought before the proconsul Anulinus at Theveste, refuses again and again to sacrifice to the gods, confessing the one God and Christ, and is threatened with shaving and death.

  • The date is 5 December 304, under the edict of Diocletian requiring sacrifice. Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda are martyrs of Thuburbo. Several readings of the printed text are doubtful: “so that her shame may first be made a public show” renders ut ejus primum series ad pompam perveniat, whose sense is uncertain; “to be heard” renders audiendam, which does not fit the syntax easily; “I lose my head once; but if I burn incense to idols …” breaks off as printed (the implied sense is that she would then perish for ever); “do you persist” translates the uncertain perfidis by sense; “the water of milk” renders aquam lactis, apparently a reference to baptism as the new birth (compare 1 Pet 2:2). Her confession of the God “who made heaven and earth, the sea and all that is in them” is the formula of Exod 20:11, Ps 146:6, Acts 4:24; “who made the sea and the green plants and the dry land” recalls Gen 1:9–12; idols as works of human hands echo Ps 115:4 and 135:15; “who is and who was” is Rev 1:4, 8; “eternal fire” Matt 25:41.

Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution, Baptism, Idolatry

Cite (SBL): Act. 1 (Ruinart, 494; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/acta-crispinae/1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Ruinart, Acta primorum martyrum sincera (1689), OCR corrected as logged corrections, and re-read against the Latin (no public-domain English translation).

Chapter 2

2Ruinart, 496

Anulinus proconsul dixit: Quid pluribus sufferimus impiam Crispinam? Acta ex codice quae dicta sunt relegantur. Et cum relegerentur, Anulinus proconsul sententiam de libello legit: Crispina in superstitione indigna perdurans, quae diis nostris sacrificare noluit, secundum Augusti legis mandata se caelesti . . . locum tendit, eam gladio animadverti jussit. Beata Crispina respondit: Christo laudes ago, benedico Dominum, qui sic me de manibus tuis dignatus est liberare. Passa est beata Crispina apud Coloniam Thebestinam die Nonarum Decembrium, imperante Anulino proconsule, regnante Domino nostro Jesu Christo, in unitate Spiritus sancti in saecula saeculorum, amen.

Anulinus the proconsul said, “Why do we bear with the impious Crispina any further? Let what has been said be read again from the record.” And when it had been read again, Anulinus the proconsul read the sentence from a tablet: “Crispina, persisting in unworthy superstition, who has refused to sacrifice to our gods, according to the commands of the law of the Augustus … to the heavenly … place … I have ordered her to be punished by the sword.” Blessed Crispina answered, “I give praise to Christ; I bless the Lord, who has thus deigned to set me free from your hands.” Blessed Crispina suffered at the colony of Theveste on the Nones of December, under Anulinus the proconsul, in the reign of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, for ever and ever. Amen.

Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.

Notes and citation

Summary: Anulinus sentences Crispina to death by the sword, and she gives thanks to Christ for her deliverance.

  • The sentence has a gap in the manuscript (se caelesti … locum tendit); Ruinart's note reports that another manuscript reads ad caelestem locum, “to the heavenly place”. The gap is not filled here. “I have ordered” renders jussit, literally “he ordered”, the form of the record.

Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution

Cite (SBL): Act. 2 (Ruinart, 496; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/acta-crispinae/2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Ruinart, Acta primorum martyrum sincera (1689), OCR corrected as logged corrections, and re-read against the Latin (no public-domain English translation).