To Autolycus 2.17

Summary: The land animals were not blessed, the blessing being reserved for humanity; wild beasts became savage through human sin, and will be restored when humanity is restored.

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Greek text · Otto 8:106–108

Ἕκτῃ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ὁ θεὸς ποιήσας τὰ τετράποδα καὶ τὰ θηρία καὶ ἑρπετὰ τὰ χερσαῖα τὴν πρὸς αὐτὰ εὐλογίαν παρασιωπᾷ, τηρῶν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τὴν εὐλογίαν, ὃν ἤμελλεν ἐν τῇ ἕκτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ποιεῖν. Ἅμα καὶ εἰς τύπον ἐγένοντο τά τε τετράποδα καὶ θηρία ἐνίων ἀνθρώπων τῶν τὸν θεὸν ἀγνοούντων καὶ ἀσεβούντων καὶ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονούντων καὶ μὴ μετανοούντων. Οἱ γὰρ ἐπιστρέφοντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνομιῶν καὶ δικαίως ζῶντες ὥσπερ πετεινὰ ἀνίπτανται τῇ ψυχῇ, τὰ ἄνω φρονοῦντες καὶ εὐαρεστοῦντες τῷ θελήματι τοῦ θεοῦ. Οἱ δὲ τὸν θεὸν ἀγνοοῦντες καὶ ἀσεβοῦντες ὅμοιοί εἰσιν ὀρνέοις τοῖς πτερὰ μὲν ἔχουσιν, μὴ δυναμένοις δὲ ἀνίπτασθαι καὶ τὰ ἄνω τρέχειν τῆς θειότητος. Οὕτως καὶ οἱ τοιοῦτοι ἄνθρωποι μὲν λέγονται, τὰ δὲ χαμαιφερῆ καὶ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦσιν, καταβαρούμενοι ὑπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν. Θηρία δὲ ὠνόμασται τὰ ζῶα ἀπὸ τοῦ θηριοῦσθαι, οὐχ ὡς κακὰ ἀρχῆθεν γεγενημένα ἢ ἰοβόλα, οὐ γάρ τι κακὸν ἀρχῆθεν γέγονεν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἀλλὰ τὰ πάντα καλὰ καὶ καλὰ λίαν, ἡ δὲ ἁμαρτία ἡ περὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον κεκάκωκεν αὐτά· τοῦ γὰρ ἀνθρώπου παραβάντος καὶ αὐτὰ συμπαρέβη. Ὥσπερ γὰρ δεσπότης οἰκίας ἐὰν αὐτὸς εὖ πράσσῃ, ἀναγκαίως καὶ οἱ οἰκέται εὐτάκτως ζῶσιν, ἐὰν δὲ ὁ κύριος ἁμαρτάνῃ, καὶ οἱ δοῦλοι συναμαρτάνουσιν, τῷ αὐτῷ τρόπῳ γέγονεν καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον κύριον ὄντα ἁμαρτῆσαι, καὶ τὰ δοῦλα συνήμαρτεν. Ὁπόταν οὖν πάλιν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἀναδράμῃ εἰς τὸ κατὰ φύσιν μηκέτι κακοποιῶν, κἀκεῖνα ἀποκατασταθήσεται εἰς τὴν ἀρχῆθεν ἡμερότητα.

English · Claude translation

On the sixth day, when God made the four-footed creatures, the wild beasts, and the creeping things of the land, he passed over their blessing in silence, reserving the blessing for the human being, whom he was about to make on the sixth day. At the same time the four-footed creatures and the wild beasts were made as a type of some people who do not know God, who are godless and set their minds on earthly things and do not repent. For those who turn from their lawless deeds and live righteously fly upward in soul like birds, setting their minds on things above and pleasing the will of God. But those who do not know God and are godless are like birds that have wings yet cannot fly up and reach the heights of the divine. So such people are called human beings, but they set their minds on what is low and earthly, weighed down by their sins. Wild beasts (θηρία) are so called from their becoming savage (θηριοῦσθαι). They were not made evil or venomous from the beginning, for nothing was made evil by God from the beginning, but all things were good, and very good; it was the sin of the human being that made them evil. When the human being transgressed, they transgressed with him. Just as, when the master of a house does well, the servants too necessarily live in good order, but when the master sins, the slaves sin with him, so it happened with the creatures of the human being: when he, their lord, sinned, his servants sinned with him. When, then, the human being returns again to his natural state and no longer does evil, they too will be restored to their original gentleness.

About this passage

Source
Otto 8:106–108 · Johann Carl Theodor Otto, ed., Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres, Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8 (Jena: Mauke, 1861) · Greek text: J. C. T. Otto, Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres (Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8, 1861), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Otto (1861); made independently of existing English translations.
Scripture
Topics
Eschatology

Notes

Translation notes

  • The restoration of the animals' original gentleness echoes Isa 11:6–9 and Rom 8:19–21.

Cite this passage

Theophilus, Autol. 2.17 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/2/17/).

Plain text
Theophilus, Autol. 2.17 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/2/17/).

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