Seven Books of History against the Pagans 5.4.1–5.14.6
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 5, chapter 4
5.4.1CSEL 5:283
Isdem consulibus Viriatus in Hispania genere Lusitanus, homo pastoralis et latro, primum infestando uias deinde uastando prouincias postremo exercitus praetorum et consulum Romanorum uincendo fugando subigendo maximo terrori Romanis omnibus fuit.
In the same consulship Viriathus in Spain, a Lusitanian by birth, a herdsman and a brigand, first by infesting the roads, then by laying waste the provinces, and finally by conquering, routing, and subduing the armies of Roman praetors and consuls, was the greatest terror to all the Romans.
Notes and citation
Summary: Viriathus rises in Spain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.1 (CSEL 5:283; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.2CSEL 5:283–284
siquidem Hiberum et Tagum, maxima et diuersissimorum locorum flumina, late transgredienti et peruaganti C. Vecilius praetor occurrit: qui continuo caeso usque ad internecionem paene omni exercitu suo uix ipse praetor cum paucis fuga lapsus euasit.
For as he crossed and roamed widely over the Ebro and the Tagus, the greatest rivers of very different regions, the praetor Gaius Vetilius met him; at once almost his whole army was cut down to the point of annihilation, and the praetor himself barely escaped in flight with a few men.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vetilius is defeated.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.2 (CSEL 5:283–284; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.3CSEL 5:284
deinde C. Plautium praetorem idem Viriatus multis proeliis fractum fugauit. post etiam Claudius Vnimammus cum magno instructu belli contra Viriatum missus quasi pro abolenda superiore macula turpiorem ipse sunt infamiam.
Then the same Viriathus broke the praetor Gaius Plautius in many battles and put him to flight. Afterward Claudius Unimanus too, sent against Viriathus with great equipment of war, as if to wipe out the earlier stain, himself incurred a more shameful disgrace.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plautius and Claudius Unimanus are defeated.
- “Vnimammus” as printed for Claudius Unimanus.
- The printed “ipse sunt infamiam” is corrupt (perhaps for “sumpsit” or “auxit”); translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): pos etiam → post etiam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.3 (CSEL 5:284; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.4CSEL 5:284
nam congressus cum Viriato uniuersas quas secum deduxerat copias maximasque uires Romani amisit exercitus. Viriatus trabeas fasces ceteraque insignia Romana in montibus suis tropaea praefixit.
For in meeting Viriathus the Roman army lost all the forces he had brought with him and its greatest strength. Viriathus set up the robes, the fasces, and the other Roman insignia as trophies on his mountains.
Notes and citation
Summary: Viriathus displays Roman insignia as trophies.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.4 (CSEL 5:284; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.5CSEL 5:284
Eodem tempore ccc Lusitani cum mille Romanis in quodam saltu contraxere pugnam, in qua LXX Lusitanos, Romanos autem cccxx cecidisse Claudius refert;
At the same time three hundred Lusitanians joined battle with a thousand Romans in a certain pass, in which, Claudius reports, seventy Lusitanians fell, but three hundred and twenty Romans;
Notes and citation
Summary: A small battle in a mountain pass.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.5 (CSEL 5:284; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.6CSEL 5:284
et cum uictores Lusitani sparsi ac securi abirent, unus ex his longe a ceteris segregatus cum, circumfusis equitibus pedes ipse deprehensus unius eorum equo lancea perfosso ipsius equitis ad unum gladii ictum caput desecuisset, ita omnes metu perculit, ut prospectantibus cunctis ipse contemptim atque otiosus abscederet.
and when the victorious Lusitanians were going off scattered and unconcerned, one of them, separated far from the rest, was caught on foot by horsemen who surrounded him; he pierced the horse of one of them with his lance and cut off the rider's head with a single stroke of his sword, and so struck them all with fear that, while all looked on, he went off contemptuously and at leisure.
Notes and citation
Summary: The feat of a single Lusitanian.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.6 (CSEL 5:284; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.7CSEL 5:284–285
Appio Claudio Q. Caecilio Metello consulibus Appius Claudius aduersus Salassos Gallos congressus et uictus quinque milia militum perdidit. reparata pugna, quinque milia hostium occidit. sed cum iuxta legem, qua constitutum erat, ut quisque quinque milia hostium peremisset triumphandi haberet potestatem, iste quoque triumphum expetisset, propter superiora uero damna non impetrauisset, infami impudentia atque ambitione usus priuatis sumptibus triumphauit.
In the consulship of Appius Claudius and Quintus Caecilius Metellus, Appius Claudius engaged the Salassian Gauls, was defeated, and lost five thousand soldiers. When battle was renewed, he killed five thousand of the enemy. But since, according to the law which laid down that whoever had slain five thousand of the enemy should have the right to triumph, he too sought a triumph and did not obtain it because of his earlier losses, with notorious impudence and ambition he triumphed at his own expense.
Notes and citation
Summary: Appius Claudius celebrates a triumph at his own cost.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray hyphen): -infami → infami.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.7 (CSEL 5:284–285; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.8CSEL 5:285
L. Caecilio Metello Q. Fabio Maximo Seruiliano consulibus inter cetera prodigia androgynus Romae uisus iussu haruspicum in mare mersus est. sed nihil impiae expiationis procuratio profecit; nam tanta subito pestilentia exorta est, ut ministri quoque faciendorum funerum primum non sufficerent deinde non essent; iamque etiam magnae domus uacuae uiuis plenae mortuis remanserunt: largissimae introrsum hereditates et nulli penitus heredes.
In the consulship of Lucius Caecilius Metellus and Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus, among other portents a hermaphrodite was seen at Rome and was drowned in the sea by order of the soothsayers. But the performance of this impious expiation did no good; for so great a plague suddenly arose that those who served in conducting funerals were at first not enough and then were not there at all; and now great houses remained empty of the living and full of the dead: the largest inheritances within, and no heirs at all.
Notes and citation
Summary: A portent expiated by drowning is followed by a plague.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): conaulibus → consulibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.8 (CSEL 5:285; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.9CSEL 5:285
denique iam non solum in Vrbe uiuendi sed etiam adpropinquandi ad Vrbem negabatur facultas, tam saeui per totam Vrbem tabescentium sub tectis atque in stratis suis cadauerum putores exhalabantur.
In the end it was impossible not only to live in the City but even to come near it, so fierce was the stench breathed out through the whole City from corpses rotting under the roofs and in their beds.
Notes and citation
Summary: The stench of the plague.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.9 (CSEL 5:285; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.10CSEL 5:285–286
Expiatio illa crudelis et uiam mortibus hominum morte hominis struens tandem Romanis inter miserias suas erubescentibus quam misera et uana esset, innotuit. ante enim in suffragium praeueniendae cladis est habita et sic pestilentia, consecuta est; quae tamen sine ullis sacrificiorum satisfactionibus tantummodo secundum mensuram arcani iudicii expleta correptione sedata est.
That cruel expiation, which paved the way for the deaths of men by the death of a man, at last made known to the Romans, blushing amid their miseries, how wretched and vain it was. For it was held beforehand as a help to forestall disaster, and so the plague followed; yet the plague was quieted without any satisfaction of sacrifices, only when the chastisement had been completed according to the measure of a hidden judgment.
Notes and citation
Summary: The plague ended by God's hidden judgment, not by sacrifice.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period; the digital text gives the misprint and its correction side by side): consusecutaconsecuta → consecuta; secundum. mensuram → secundum mensuram.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.10 (CSEL 5:285–286; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.11CSEL 5:286
quam si artifices illi circumuentionum haruspices sub ipsa ut adsolent declinatione morborum forte celebrassent, procul dubio sibi dis et ritibus suis reductae sanitatis gloriam uindicassent. ita misera et ad sacrilegia male religiosa ciuitas mendaciis, quibus liberari non poterat, ludebatur.
If those artists of deception, the soothsayers, had happened to perform it, as they usually do, just when the disease was declining, they would doubtless have claimed for themselves, their gods, and their rites the glory of restored health. So the wretched city, religious to the point of sacrilege, was mocked by lies from which it could not be freed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The soothsayers would have claimed credit had the timing suited them.
Topics: Magic, divination, and astrology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.11 (CSEL 5:286; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.12CSEL 5:286
Igitur Fabius consul contra Lusitanos et Viriatum dimicans Bucciam oppidum, quod Viriatus obsidebat, depulsis hostibus liberauit et in deditionem cum plurimis aliis castellis recepit. fecit facinus etiam ultimis barbaris Scythiae, non dicam Romanae fidei et moderationi, exsecrabile. quingentis enim principibus eorum, quos societate inuitatos deditionis iure susceperat, manus praecidit.
The consul Fabius, then, fighting against the Lusitanians and Viriathus, drove off the enemy and freed the town of Buccia, which Viriathus was besieging, and received it in surrender together with very many other forts. He also committed a crime that would be detestable even to the remotest barbarians of Scythia, not to speak of Roman faith and moderation: he cut off the hands of five hundred of their chief men, whom he had invited into alliance and received under the right of surrender.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fabius mutilates five hundred Lusitanian chiefs.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.12 (CSEL 5:286; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.13CSEL 5:286
Pompeius sequentis anni consul fines Numantinorum ingressus accepta maxima clade discessit, non solum exercitu paene omni profligato uerum etiam plurimis nobilium, qui ei militiae aderant, interemptis.
Pompeius, consul the following year, entered the territory of the Numantines and withdrew after suffering a very great disaster, not only with almost his whole army routed but with very many of the nobles who were serving in that campaign killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompeius is defeated at Numantia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.13 (CSEL 5:286; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.14CSEL 5:286
Viriatus autem cum per quattuordecim annos Romanos duces atque exercitus protriuisset, insidiis suorum interfectus est, in hoc solo Romanis circa eum fortiter agentibus, quod percussores eius indignos praemio iudicarunt.
But Viriathus, after wearing down Roman generals and armies for fourteen years, was killed by the treachery of his own men, the Romans acting bravely toward him in this alone, that they judged his assassins unworthy of a reward.
Notes and citation
Summary: Viriathus is murdered by his own men.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): indiguos → indignos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.14 (CSEL 5:286; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.15CSEL 5:286–287
At ego non modo nunc, uerum etiam saepe intertexere Orientis illa inextricabilia bella poteram, quae raro umquam nisi sceleribus aut incipiunt aut terminantur; sed Romanorum, cum quibus nobis actio est, tanta sunt, ut iure fastidiantur aliena.
Now I could, not only here but often, weave in those tangled wars of the East, which seldom either begin or end except with crimes; but the wars of the Romans, with whom our case lies, are so many that foreign ones are rightly passed over with distaste.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius declines to narrate the eastern wars at length.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.15 (CSEL 5:286–287; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.16CSEL 5:287
Mithridates tunc siquidem, rex Parthorum sextus ab Arsace, uicto Demetrii praefecto Babylonam urbem finesque eius uniuersos uictor inuasit. omnes praeterea gentes, quae inter Hydaspen fluuium et Indum iacent, subegit. ad Indiam quoque cruentum extendit imperium.
For at that time Mithridates, king of the Parthians, sixth from Arsaces, defeated the prefect of Demetrius and as victor invaded the city of Babylon and all its territory. Besides, he subdued all the peoples who lie between the river Hydaspes and the Indus. He extended his bloody rule even to India.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Parthian Mithridates conquers Babylon and the East.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.16 (CSEL 5:287; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.17CSEL 5:287
Demetrium ipsum secundo sibi bello occurrentem uicit et cepit: quo capto Diodotus quidam cum Alexandro filio regnum eius et regium nomen usurpauit.
He defeated and captured Demetrius himself when he met him in a second war; and when Demetrius was captured, a certain Diodotus with his son Alexander usurped his kingdom and the royal title.
Notes and citation
Summary: Demetrius is captured; Diodotus usurps.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.17 (CSEL 5:287; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.18CSEL 5:287
qui postea ipsum Alexandrum filium, quem participem periculi in peruadendo regno habuerat, ne in obtinendo consortem haberet, occidit.
He afterward killed this very son Alexander, whom he had had as partner of the danger in seizing the kingdom, so as not to have him as a sharer in holding it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Diodotus murders his son.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.18 (CSEL 5:287; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.19CSEL 5:287
M. Aemilio Lepido C. Hostilio Mancino consulibus prodigia apparuere diuersa et, quantum in ipsis fuit, ex more curata sunt. sed non semper aucupatoribus euentuum et structoribus fallaciarum haruspicibus opportuni casus suffragantur.
In the consulship of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Gaius Hostilius Mancinus various portents appeared and, as far as lay in them, were dealt with according to custom. But favorable events do not always support the soothsayers, those hunters after outcomes and builders of deceptions.
Notes and citation
Summary: Portents under Lepidus and Mancinus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.19 (CSEL 5:287; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.20CSEL 5:287–288
namque Mancinus consul postquam a Popilio apud Numantiam suscepit exercitum, adeo infeliciter proelia cuncta gessit atque in id suprema desperatione perductus est, ut turpissimum foedus cum Numantinis facere cogeretur.
For after the consul Mancinus took over the army from Popilius at Numantia, he fought every battle so unsuccessfully and was brought to such extreme despair that he was forced to make a most shameful treaty with the Numantines.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mancinus makes a shameful treaty with Numantia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray accent in the digital text): faceré → facere.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.20 (CSEL 5:287–288; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.4.21CSEL 5:288
quamuis et Pompeius iam aliud aeque infame foedus cum isdem Numantinis paulo ante pepigisset, senatus dissolui foedus et Mancinum dedi Numantinis praecepit, qui nudato corpore manibusque post tergum reuinctis ante portas Numantinorum expositus ibique usque in noctem manens, a suis desertus, ab hostibus autem non susceptus lacrimabile utrisque spectaculum praebuit.
Although Pompeius too had made another equally disgraceful treaty with the same Numantines a little before, the senate ordered the treaty annulled and Mancinus handed over to the Numantines. He was exposed before the gates of the Numantines with his body stripped and his hands bound behind his back, and remaining there until night, deserted by his own and not received by the enemy, he offered a pitiful spectacle to both sides.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mancinus is handed over to the Numantines and refused by them.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.4.21 (CSEL 5:288; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-4-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 5
5.5.1CSEL 5:288
Exclamare hoc loco dolor exigit. cur falso uobis, Romani, magna illa nomina iustitiae fidei fortitudinis et misericordiae uindicatis? a Numantinis haec uerius discite, fortitudine opus fuit?
Here grief compels me to cry out. Why, Romans, do you falsely claim for yourselves those great names of justice, faith, courage, and mercy? Learn them more truly from the Numantines. Was courage needed?
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius contrasts Numantine virtue with Roman claims.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.1 (CSEL 5:288; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.2CSEL 5:288
pugnando uicerunt. fides exigebatur? credentes aliis secundum se, quos occidere potuerant, pacto foedere dimiserunt iustitia probanda erat?
By fighting they conquered. Was good faith demanded? Trusting others to be like themselves, they made a treaty and released those they could have killed. Was justice to be proved?
Notes and citation
Summary: The Numantines showed courage and good faith.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.2 (CSEL 5:288; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.3CSEL 5:288
probauit eam uel tacitus senatus, cum idem Numantini per legatos suos aut inuiolatam pacem solam aut omnes, quos pignore pacis accepto uiuos dimiserant, reposcebant.
Even the senate approved it by its silence, when the same Numantines through their envoys demanded back either the inviolate peace alone or all those whom they had released alive after receiving the pledge of peace.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Numantines' just demand.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip ant for aut): suos ant inuiolatam → suos aut inuiolatam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.3 (CSEL 5:288; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.4CSEL 5:288
misericordia examinanda uidebatur? satis documenti dederunt uel emittendo ad uitam inimicum exercitum uel ad poenam non recipiendo Mancinum.
Did mercy seem to need examining? They gave proof enough, both by letting the enemy army go free to live and by refusing to receive Mancinus for punishment.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Numantines showed mercy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.4 (CSEL 5:288; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.5CSEL 5:288
Mancinusne rogo dedendus fuit, qui uicti exercitus inpendentem trucidationem praetento umbone pacti foederis dispulit, qui periclitantes patriae uires in meliora tempora reseruauit?
Ought Mancinus, I ask, to have been handed over, who by holding out the shield of an agreed treaty warded off the slaughter that hung over a defeated army, who kept the endangered strength of his country for better times?
Notes and citation
Summary: Mancinus had saved the army.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.5 (CSEL 5:288; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.6CSEL 5:288–289
aut, si displicuit foedus quod pactum est, cur miles hoc pignore redemptus aut, cum reuerteretur, receptus est aut, cum repeteretur, redditus non est? aut, si placuit seruati militis qualiscumque prouisio, cur Mancinus, qui hoc pepigit, solus deditus fuit?
Or, if the treaty that was made displeased, why was the soldier redeemed by this pledge either received when he returned or not given back when demanded? Or, if this provision of some sort for saving the soldiers was pleasing, why was Mancinus, who agreed to it, alone handed over?
Notes and citation
Summary: The senate's inconsistency.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip ant for aut): redemptus ant, cum → redemptus aut, cum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.6 (CSEL 5:288–289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.7CSEL 5:289
Nuper Varro, ut praepropera pugna iniretur, collegam Paulum obluctantem impulit, trepidantem praecipitauit exercitum, infelices copias apud infames illas Romanis cladibus Cannas non disposuit certamini sed opposuit morti; plus quam XL milia ibi militum Romanorum sola inpatientia sua, de qua sibi uictoriam iam dudum Hannibal praesumebat, amisit. collega etiam Paulo — quo tandem uiro!
Not long before, Varro, to bring on a hasty battle, pushed on his colleague Paulus, who resisted, threw the frightened army headlong, and did not deploy his ill-starred forces for battle but exposed them to death at Cannae, notorious for Roman disasters; through his impatience alone, on which Hannibal had long been counting for victory, he lost more than forty thousand Roman soldiers there. And his colleague Paulus too (what a man!)
Notes and citation
Summary: Varro's rashness at Cannae.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Nnper → Nuper.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.7 (CSEL 5:289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.8CSEL 5:289
— perdito, nouissime in Vrbem paene solus impudentissime redire ausus est meruitque impudentiae suae praemium.
was lost, and at last he dared most shamelessly to return to the City almost alone, and received the reward of his shamelessness.
Notes and citation
Summary: Varro returns alone to Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.8 (CSEL 5:289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.9CSEL 5:289
nam gratiae ei, quod de republica non desperasset, quam tamen ipse fecerat desperatam, publice in senatu actae sunt
For thanks were publicly given him in the senate because he had not despaired of the commonwealth, which he himself had brought to despair.
Notes and citation
Summary: Varro is thanked by the senate.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.9 (CSEL 5:289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.10CSEL 5:289
Porro autem Mancinus, qui sorte bellica circumuentum exercitum ne perderet laborauit, ab eodem senatu deditione damnatus est.
Mancinus, on the other hand, who labored not to lose an army surrounded by the fortune of war, was condemned by the same senate to be handed over.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mancinus is punished for saving his army.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.10 (CSEL 5:289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.11CSEL 5:289
scio, Romani, et illud in Varrone displicuit, sed tempori concessum est, et hoc in Mancino placuit, sed secundum tempus praesumptum est; atque ideo ab initio perfecistis, ut nec ciuis consulat conuenienter ingratis nec hostis fideliter credat infidis.
I know, Romans, that that too displeased you in Varro, but a concession was made to the times; and this pleased you in Mancinus, but it was a judgment made to suit the times. And so from the beginning you have brought it about that a citizen does not take counsel fittingly for the ungrateful, nor does an enemy trust faithfully in the faithless.
Notes and citation
Summary: Roman policy bent to circumstance and bred distrust.
- The Latin of this sentence is compressed; translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): illud m Varrone displiouit → illud in Varrone displicuit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.11 (CSEL 5:289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.12CSEL 5:289–290
Interea Brutus in ulteriore Hispania LX milia Gallaecorum, qui Lusitanis auxilio uenerant, asperrimo bello et difficili quamuis incautos circumuenisset, oppressit: quorum in eo proelio L milia occisa, sex milia capta referuntur, pauci fuga euaserunt. in citeriore Hispania Lepidus proconsule Vaccaeos,
Meanwhile Brutus in Further Spain crushed sixty thousand Gallaecians, who had come to the aid of the Lusitanians, in a very harsh and difficult war, although he had surrounded them while they were off guard; fifty thousand of them are reported killed in that battle and six thousand captured, and a few escaped by flight. In Nearer Spain Lepidus, as proconsul, the Vaccaei,
Notes and citation
Summary: Brutus crushes the Gallaecians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.12 (CSEL 5:289–290; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.13CSEL 5:290
innoxiam gentem et supplicem, etiam senatu prohibente pertinaciter expugnare temptauit. sed mox accepta clade grauissima improbae pertinaciae poenas luit. sex milia quippe Romanorum in hoc iniusto bello iustissime caesa sunt, reliqui exuti castris, armis etiam perditis, euaserunt.
a harmless and suppliant people, tried stubbornly to storm, even though the senate forbade it. But he soon suffered a very heavy defeat and paid the penalty for his wicked stubbornness. For six thousand Romans were most justly cut down in this unjust war; the rest, stripped of their camp and having lost even their weapons, escaped.
Notes and citation
Summary: Lepidus is justly defeated by the Vaccaei.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.13 (CSEL 5:290; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.14CSEL 5:290
Nec minus turpis haec sub Lepido clades quam sub Mancino fuit. ita nunc sibi haec tempora loco felicitatis adscribant ut non dixerim Hispani tot pulsati fatigatique bellis, sed uel ipsi saltem Romani tam continuis subacti cladibus totiensque superati;
This disaster under Lepidus was no less shameful than that under Mancinus. So let them now ascribe these times to themselves as happiness, not, I would say, the Spaniards, battered and wearied by so many wars, but at least the Romans themselves, subdued by such continual disasters and so often defeated;
Notes and citation
Summary: These were not happy times even for the Romans.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.14 (CSEL 5:290; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.15CSEL 5:290
ut non exprobrem, quot praetores eorum, quot legati, quot consules, quot legiones quantique exercitus consumpti sint, illud solum reuoluo, quanta fuerit timoris amentia miles Romanus hebetatus, ut iam ne ad experimentum quidem belli cohibere pedem atque offirmare animum posset, sed mox conspecto Hispano specialiter hoste diffugiens uinci se paene prius crederet quam uideri.
not to reproach them with how many of their praetors, legates, consuls, how many legions and great armies were destroyed, I recall only this: how great was the madness of fear by which the Roman soldier was dulled, so that he could no longer even stand his ground and steel his mind for a trial of battle, but at the mere sight of a Spaniard as enemy he fled and believed himself conquered almost before he was seen.
Notes and citation
Summary: Roman soldiers came to flee at the sight of a Spaniard.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.15 (CSEL 5:290; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.5.16CSEL 5:290–291
quo argumento patet apud utrosque misera illa tempora iudicata, cum et Hispani etsi uincere poterant, inuiti tamen desererent dulcia otia sua et bella externa tolerarent, et Romani quanto inpudentius alienae quieti sese ingererent, tanto turpius uincerentur.
By this proof it is plain that those times were judged wretched by both sides: the Spaniards, even though they could win, unwillingly left their sweet peace and endured foreign wars, and the Romans were defeated the more shamefully, the more shamelessly they thrust themselves upon another's quiet.
Notes and citation
Summary: Both sides found those times wretched.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.5.16 (CSEL 5:290–291; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-5-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 6
5.6.1CSEL 5:291
Seruio Fuluio Flacco Q. Calpurnio Pisone consulibus Romae puer ex ancilla natus quadripes quadrimanus, oculis quattuor, auribus totidem, natura uirili duplex. in Sicilia
In the consulship of Servius Fulvius Flaccus and Quintus Calpurnius Piso, a boy was born at Rome of a slave woman with four feet and four hands, four eyes and as many ears, and double male parts. In Sicily
Notes and citation
Summary: Portents at Rome and in Sicily.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): oculis quattuor. auribus → oculis quattuor, auribus; natura uirili duplex. in Sicilia. → natura uirili duplex. in Sicilia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.6.1 (CSEL 5:291; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.6.2CSEL 5:291
mons Aetna uastos ignes eructauit ac fudit, qui torrentum modo per prona praecipites proxima quaeque corripientibus exussere flammis, longinquiora autem fauillis calidis cum uapore graui late uolitantibus torruerunt: quod Siciliae semper uernaculum genus monstri non portendere malum adsolet sed inferre. in Bononiensi agro fruges in arboribus enatae sunt.
Mount Etna belched out and poured forth vast fires, which, rushing headlong down the slopes like torrents, burned up everything nearby with devouring flames, and scorched more distant places with hot ash flying widely with heavy vapor; this kind of portent, always native to Sicily, is wont not to foretell evil but to bring it. In the territory of Bononia grain sprang up on trees.
Notes and citation
Summary: Etna erupts; grain grows on trees.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.6.2 (CSEL 5:291; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.6.3CSEL 5:291
igitur in Sicilia bellum seruile ortum est, quod adeo graue et atrox multitudine seruorum, instructu copiarum, magnitudine uirium fuit, ut
So a slave war arose in Sicily, which was so serious and fierce in the number of slaves, the equipment of forces, and the greatness of strength, that it
Notes and citation
Summary: The first Sicilian slave war.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): magnitudine uirium fuit, ut. → magnitudine uirium fuit, ut.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.6.3 (CSEL 5:291; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.6.4CSEL 5:291–292
non dicam praetores Romanos, quos penitus profligauit, sed consules quoque terruerit. nam LXX milia seruorum tunc in arma conspirantium fuisse referuntur, excepta urbe Messana, quae seruos liberaliter habitos in pace continuit.
terrified not only, I will say, the Roman praetors, whom it utterly routed, but even the consuls. For seventy thousand slaves are said to have conspired in arms at that time, except in the city of Messana, which kept its slaves, who were treated generously, at peace.
Notes and citation
Summary: Seventy thousand slaves in arms.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.6.4 (CSEL 5:291–292; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.6.5CSEL 5:292
ceterum Sicilia in hoc quoque miserior, quia insula et numquam erga statum suum iuris idonei nunc tyrannis subiecta nunc seruis, uel illis dominatu improbo exigentibus seruitutem uel istis praesumptione peruersa conmutantibus libertatem, maxime quia clausa undique mari egerere foras non facile potest intestinum malum.
Sicily was more wretched in this also, because as an island never with a stable condition of its own, now subject to tyrants, now to slaves, the former exacting servitude by wicked domination, the latter exchanging it for liberty by perverse presumption, and especially because, shut in on all sides by the sea, it cannot easily cast out an evil within.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sicily's peculiar misery as an island.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.6.5 (CSEL 5:292; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.6.6CSEL 5:292
uiperinam quippe conceptionem perditioni suae aluit sua libidine auctam, sua morte uicturam. in hoc autem seruilis tumultus excitatio quanto rarior ceteris tanto truculentior est, quia intentione commouetur libera multitudo ut patriam augeat, seruilis ut perdat.
For it nourished to its own destruction a viper's brood, increased by its own lust, destined to live by its death. In this, moreover, the rousing of a slave uprising is the more savage the rarer it is than others, because a free multitude is stirred with the aim of enlarging its homeland, a slave multitude with the aim of destroying it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Slave revolts are rare but savage.
- The viper image follows the ancient belief that young vipers kill their mother at birth.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): conoeptionem → conceptionem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.6.6 (CSEL 5:292; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-6-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 7
5.7.1CSEL 5:292
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCXX cum maior paene infamia de foedere apud Numantiam pacto quam apud Caudinas quondam furculas pudorem Romanae frontis oneraret, Scipio Africanus consensu omnium tribuum consul creatus atque ad expugnandam Numantiam cum exercitu missus est.
In the 620th year from the founding of the City, when the treaty made at Numantia laid on the shame of the Roman brow almost greater infamy than that once at the Caudine Forks, Scipio Africanus was created consul by the consent of all the tribes and sent with an army to storm Numantia.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio is sent against Numantia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): DCXX oum → DCXX cum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.1 (CSEL 5:292; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.2CSEL 5:292
Numantia autem citerioris Hispaniae, haud procul a Vaccaeis et Cantabris in capite Gallaeciae sita, ultima Celtiberorum fuit.
Numantia, a city of Nearer Spain, situated not far from the Vaccaei and the Cantabrians at the head of Gallaecia, was the last of the Celtiberians.
Notes and citation
Summary: The location of Numantia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.2 (CSEL 5:292; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.3CSEL 5:292–293
haec per annos quattuordecim cum solis quattuor milibus suorum quadraginta milia Romanorum non solum sustinuit sed etiam uicit pudendisque foederibus adfecit.
For fourteen years, with only four thousand of its own men, it not only withstood forty thousand Romans but defeated them and imposed shameful treaties on them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Numantia's long resistance.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.3 (CSEL 5:292–293; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.4CSEL 5:293
igitur Scipio Africanus Hispaniam ingressus non se ilico ingessit hostibus, ut quasi incautos circumueniret, sciens numquam hoc genus hominum adeo in otium corpore atque animo resolui, ut non ipsa qualitate habitudinis suae apparatus aliorum praecelleret, sed aliquamdiu militem suum in castris uelut in scholis exercuit.
So Scipio Africanus, on entering Spain, did not hurl himself at once on the enemy so as to surround them as if off guard, knowing that this kind of men is never so relaxed in body and mind for leisure that by the very quality of their condition they do not surpass the preparations of others; instead for some time he trained his soldiers in camp as in schools.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio trains his army before attacking.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Scipio Afrioanus → Scipio Africanus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.4 (CSEL 5:293; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.5CSEL 5:293
et cum partem aestatis totamque hiemem ne adtemptata quidem pugna transegisset, sic quoque parum propemodum hac profecit industria.
And when he had spent part of the summer and the whole winter without even attempting battle, even so he gained almost nothing by this diligence.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio's delay.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.5 (CSEL 5:293; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.6CSEL 5:293
namque ubi copia pugnandi facta est, exercitus Romanus oppressus impetu Numantinorum terga conuertit; sed increpatione et minis obiectantis sese consulis manuque retinentis tandem indignatus in hostem rediit et quem fugiebat fugere conpulit. difficilis tunc in relatu fides: Numantinos et fugauere et fugientes uidere Romani.
For when an opportunity for fighting arose, the Roman army, overwhelmed by the attack of the Numantines, turned its back; but at the rebukes and threats of the consul, who threw himself in their way and held them back with his hand, it at last turned in indignation on the enemy and forced the one it was fleeing to flee. A thing hard to believe in the telling: the Romans both routed the Numantines and saw them fleeing.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio rallies his army and routs the Numantines.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): copia pugnandi faota est → copia pugnandi facta est.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.6 (CSEL 5:293; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.7CSEL 5:293
unde quamuis Scipio, quia praeter spem acciderat, laetatus et gloriatus esset, tamen ultra bello aduersum eos audendum non esse professus est.
Hence, although Scipio rejoiced and boasted because it had happened beyond hope, he nevertheless declared that no further venture of battle should be made against them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio resolves to avoid further battle.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): linde quamuis → unde quamuis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.7 (CSEL 5:293; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.8CSEL 5:293
itaque Scipio insistendum inopinatis prouentibus censuit, urbem ipsam obsidione conclusit, fossa etiam circumdedit, cuius latitudo pedibus decem, altitudo uiginti fuit.
So Scipio judged that he should press on with the unexpected successes: he shut the city in by siege and surrounded it with a ditch ten feet wide and twenty deep.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scipio besieges Numantia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.8 (CSEL 5:293; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.9CSEL 5:293–294
ipsum deinde uallum sudibus praestructum crebris turribus conmuniuit, ut, si qua ab erumpente hoste in eum temptaretur inruptio, iam non quasi obsessor cum obsesso sed uersa uice obsessus cum obsessore pugnaret.
Then he fortified the rampart itself, fronted with stakes, with frequent towers, so that if any assault were attempted on it by the enemy breaking out, he would no longer fight as a besieger with the besieged but, the other way round, as one besieged with a besieger.
Notes and citation
Summary: The siege works.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.9 (CSEL 5:293–294; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.10CSEL 5:294
Numantia autem in tumulo sita haud procul a flumine Durio tria milia passuum ambitu muri amplexabatur; quamuis aliqui adserant eam et paruo situ et sine muro fuisse:
Numantia, situated on a hill not far from the river Durius, enclosed a circuit of wall of three miles; although some assert that it was both small in site and without a wall.
Notes and citation
Summary: The size of Numantia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.10 (CSEL 5:294; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.11CSEL 5:294
unde credibile est, quia hoc spatii cura alendorum custodiendorumque pecorum uel etiam exercendi ruris commodo cum bello premerentur incluserint, ipsi arcem paruam natura munitam obtinentes; alioquin tantam paucitatem hominum tam amplum urbis spatium non munire magis quam prodere uidebatur.
Hence it is credible that they enclosed this space for the care of feeding and guarding their flocks, or also for the convenience of working the land when they were pressed by war, while they themselves held a small citadel fortified by nature; otherwise so large a city space would seem rather to betray than to protect so small a number of men.
Notes and citation
Summary: An explanation of Numantia's large circuit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.11 (CSEL 5:294; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.12CSEL 5:294
igitur conclusi diu Numantini et fame trucidati deditionem sui obtulerunt, si tolerabilia iuberentur, saepe etiam orantes iustae pugnae facultatem, ut tamquam uiris mori liceret.
So the Numantines, long shut in and destroyed by hunger, offered their surrender if tolerable terms were imposed, often also begging for the chance of a fair battle, that they might be allowed to die as men.
Notes and citation
Summary: The starving Numantines offer surrender or battle.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.12 (CSEL 5:294; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.13CSEL 5:294
ultime omnes duabus subito portis eruperunt, larga prius potione usi non uini, cuius ferax is locus non est, sed suco tritici per artem confecto, quem sucum a calefaciendo caeliam uocant.
At last they all suddenly burst out of two gates, having first drunk deeply, not of wine, which that place does not produce, but of a juice made by art from wheat, which juice they call caelia, from its heating.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Numantines' last sortie after drinking caelia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nltime omnes → ultime omnes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.13 (CSEL 5:294; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.14CSEL 5:294–295
suscitatur enim igne illa uis germinis madefactae frugis ac deinde siccatur et post in farinam redacta molli suco admiscetur, quo fermento sapor austeritatis et calor ebrietatis adicitur. hac igitur potione post longam famem recalescentes bello sese obtulerunt.
For the strength of the germ of the moistened grain is roused by fire and then dried, and afterward, ground into flour, it is mixed with a mild juice, and by this ferment a sharp taste and the heat of drunkenness are added. Warmed by this drink after long hunger, then, they offered themselves to battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: How caelia is made.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ealor ebrietatis → calor ebrietatis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.14 (CSEL 5:294–295; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.15CSEL 5:295
atrox diu certamen et usque ad periculum Romanorum fuit, iterumque Romani pugnare se aduersum Numantinos fugiendo probauissent, nisi sub Scipione pugnassent. Numantini interfectis suorum fortissimis bello cedunt, conpositis tamen ordinibus nec sicut fugientes in urbem reuertuntur, corpora interfectorum ad sepulturam oblata accipere noluerunt.
The struggle was fierce and long, to the point of danger for the Romans, and once more the Romans would have proved by fleeing that they were fighting against Numantines, had they not fought under Scipio. The Numantines, with the bravest of their men killed, yielded in battle, yet returned to the city in ordered ranks and not as fugitives; they refused to accept the bodies of the slain when offered for burial.
Notes and citation
Summary: The last battle and the Numantine retreat.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): atrox din certamen → atrox diu certamen.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.15 (CSEL 5:295; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.16CSEL 5:295
nouissima spe desperationis in mortem omnes destinati clausam urbem ipsi introrsum succenderunt cunctique pariter ferro ueneno atque igne consumpti sunt.
With a last hope of despair, all resolved on death, they themselves set fire to the shut city from within, and all together were consumed by sword, poison, and fire.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Numantines destroy themselves.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.16 (CSEL 5:295; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.17CSEL 5:295
Romani nihil ex his penitus habuere uictis praeter securitatem suam; neque enim euersa Numantia uicisse se magis Numantinos quam euasisse duxerunt.
The Romans got nothing at all from these conquered men except their own safety; for with Numantia overthrown they did not consider that they had conquered the Numantines so much as escaped them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome gained only safety from Numantia's fall.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.17 (CSEL 5:295; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.7.18CSEL 5:295
unum Numantinum uictoris catena non tenuit; unde triumphum dederit, Roma non uidit; aurum uel argentum, quod igni superesse potuisset, apud pauperes non fuit; arma et uestem ignis absumpsit.
The victor's chain held not one Numantine; Rome did not see anything for which it could award a triumph; gold or silver that might have survived the fire did not exist among poor men; the fire consumed their arms and clothing.
Notes and citation
Summary: No captives or spoil from Numantia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.7.18 (CSEL 5:295; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-7-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 8
5.8.1CSEL 5:295–296
Igitur ea tempestate, cum haec apud Numantiam gesta sunt, apud Romam Gracchorum seditiones agitabantur. Scipio autem cum deleta Numantia ceteras Hispaniae gentes pace conponeret, Thyresum quendam, Celticum principem, consuluit, qua ope res Numantina aut prius inuicta durasset aut post fuisset euersa. Thyresus respondit: concordia inuicta, discordia exitio fuit.
At that time, then, while these things were done at Numantia, the seditions of the Gracchi were being stirred up at Rome. Scipio, when after destroying Numantia he was settling the other peoples of Spain in peace, asked a certain Thyresus, a Celtic chief, by what strength the Numantine state had either previously endured unconquered or afterward been overthrown. Thyresus answered: “Concord made it unconquerable, discord was its ruin.”
Notes and citation
Summary: A Celtic chief explains Numantia's strength and fall.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.8.1 (CSEL 5:295–296; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-8-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.8.2CSEL 5:296
quod Romani tamquam sibi ac de se dictum exempli loco acceperunt, quippe quibus iam de seditionibus discordantis totius Vrbis nuntiabatur. Carthagine Numantiaque deleta moritur apud Romanos utilis de prouisione conlatio et oritur infamis de ambitione contentio.
The Romans took this as an example, as if it were spoken to them and about them, since news was already coming to them of the seditions of the whole City in discord. With Carthage and Numantia destroyed, useful deliberation about foresight died among the Romans, and infamous strife arising from ambition was born.
Notes and citation
Summary: With external enemies gone, discord grows at Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.8.2 (CSEL 5:296; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-8-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.8.3CSEL 5:296
Gracchus tribunus plebi iratus nobilitati, cur inter auctores Numantini foederis notatus esset, agrum a priuatis eatenus possessum populo diuidi statuit. Octauio tribuno plebi obsistenti ademit imperium et successorem Minucium dedit. his causis senatum ira, populum superbia inuasit.
Gracchus, tribune of the plebs, angry with the nobility because he had been censured among the authors of the Numantine treaty, decreed that land hitherto held by private persons should be divided among the people. When Octavius, tribune of the plebs, opposed him, he took away his office and gave him Minucius as successor. For these reasons anger seized the senate, and arrogance the people.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius Gracchus's land law.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.8.3 (CSEL 5:296; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-8-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-8-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.8.4CSEL 5:296–297
ac tunc forte Attalus, Eumenis filius, moriens testamento populum Romanum imperio Asiae succedere heredem iusserat. Gracchus gratiam populi pretio adpetens legem tulit, uti pecunia, quae fuisset Attali, populo distribueretur. obsistente Nasica etiam Pompeius spopondit se Gracchum, cum primum magistratu abisset, accusaturum.
At that time, as it happened, Attalus, son of Eumenes, dying, had by his will ordered the Roman people to succeed as heir to the rule of Asia. Gracchus, seeking the people's favor with a price, carried a law that the money which had been Attalus's should be distributed to the people. When Nasica opposed him, Pompeius also promised that as soon as Gracchus left office he would prosecute him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gracchus proposes distributing Attalus's legacy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.8.4 (CSEL 5:296–297; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-8-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 9
5.9.1CSEL 5:297
Gracchus cum eniteretur, ut ipse tribunus plebi subsequenti anno permaneret, cumque comitiorum die seditiones populi accenderet, auctore Nasica inflammata nobilitas fragmentis subselliorum plebem fugauit.
When Gracchus strove to remain tribune of the plebs himself for the following year, and on the day of the elections was inflaming the seditions of the people, the nobility, set on fire with Nasica as leader, routed the plebs with fragments of benches.
Notes and citation
Summary: The nobility attacks the Gracchans.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.9.1 (CSEL 5:297; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.9.2CSEL 5:297
Gracchus per gradus, qui sunt super Calpurnium fornicem, detracto amiculo fugiens ictus fragmento subsellii conruit rursusque adsurgens alio ictu clauae cerebro inpactae exanimatus est.
Gracchus, fleeing down the steps above the Calpurnian arch, after throwing off his cloak, was struck by a fragment of a bench and fell, and rising again was killed by another blow of a club driven into his brain.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius Gracchus is killed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): alio iota → alio ictu.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.9.2 (CSEL 5:297; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.9.3CSEL 5:297
ducenti praeterea in ea seditione interfecti eorumque corpora in Tiberim proiecta sunt; ipsius quoque Gracchi inhumatum cadauer extabuit. orta praeterea in Sicilia
Two hundred others were killed in that sedition and their bodies thrown into the Tiber; the corpse of Gracchus himself also rotted away unburied. Moreover, arising in Sicily,
Notes and citation
Summary: The dead are thrown into the Tiber.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): orta praeterea in Sicilia. → orta praeterea in Sicilia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.9.3 (CSEL 5:297; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.9.4CSEL 5:297
belli seruilis contagio multas late infecit prouincias. nam et Minturnis CCCCL serui in crucem acti et Sinuessae ad quattuor milia seruorum a Q. Metello et Cn.
the contagion of the slave war infected many provinces far and wide. For at Minturnae four hundred and fifty slaves were crucified, and at Sinuessa about four thousand slaves were crushed by Quintus Metellus and Gnaeus
Notes and citation
Summary: The slave revolt spreads; executions at Minturnae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.9.4 (CSEL 5:297; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.9.5CSEL 5:297
Seruilio Caepione oppressa sunt; in metallis quoque Atheniensium idem tumultus seruilis ab Heraclito praetore discussus est; apud Delon etiam serui nouo motu intumescentes oppidanis praeuenientibus pressi sunt, absque illo primo Siciliensis mali fomite, a quo istae uelut scintillae emicantes, diuersa haec incendia seminarunt.
Servilius Caepio; in the mines of the Athenians, too, the same slave uprising was broken up by the praetor Heraclitus; at Delos also slaves swelling with a new revolt were crushed by the townspeople, who forestalled them; all this apart from that first kindling of the Sicilian evil, from which these as it were flying sparks sowed these various fires.
Notes and citation
Summary: Slave revolts at Athens and Delos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.9.5 (CSEL 5:297; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.9.6CSEL 5:297–298
in Sicilia enim post Fuluium consulem Piso consul Mamertium oppidum expugnauit, ubi octo milia fugitiuorum interfecit, quos autem capere potuit, patibulo suffixit.
For in Sicily, after the consul Fulvius, the consul Piso stormed the town of Mamertium, where he killed eight thousand runaways and fastened to the gibbet those he could capture.
Notes and citation
Summary: Piso fights the Sicilian slaves.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): post Fnluium → post Fuluium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.9.6 (CSEL 5:297–298; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.9.7CSEL 5:298
cui cum Rupilius consul successisset, idem quoque Tauromenium et Hennam, firmissima fugitiuorum refugia, bello recepit: amplius quam xx milia tunc seruorum trucidata referuntur.
When the consul Rupilius succeeded him, he too recovered by war Tauromenium and Henna, the strongest refuges of the runaways; more than twenty thousand slaves are reported to have been slaughtered then.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rupilius ends the slave war.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (B for R)): Butilius → Rupilius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.9.7 (CSEL 5:298; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.9.8CSEL 5:298
Misera profecto talis belli et inextricabilis causa. pereundum utique dominis erat, nisi insolescentibus seruis ferro obuiam iretur. sed tamen in ipsis quoque infelicissimis damnis pugnae et infelicioribus lucris uictoriae quanti periere uicti tantum perdidere uictores.
Wretched indeed, and hopeless, was the cause of such a war. The masters were surely bound to perish unless the insolent slaves were met with the sword. And yet, in these most unhappy losses of battle and the still more unhappy gains of victory, the victors lost as much as perished of the vanquished.
Notes and citation
Summary: The slave war harmed victors and vanquished alike.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.9.8 (CSEL 5:298; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-9-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 10
5.10.1CSEL 5:298
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCXXII P. Licinius Crassus consul et pontifex maximus aduersus Aristonicum Attali fratrem, qui traditam per testamentum Romanis Asiam peruaserat, cum
In the 622nd year from the founding of the City, Publius Licinius Crassus, consul and pontifex maximus, against Aristonicus, brother of Attalus, who had seized Asia, handed over to the Romans by will, when,
Notes and citation
Summary: Crassus is sent against Aristonicus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.10.1 (CSEL 5:298; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.10.2CSEL 5:298
instructissimo missus exercitu, praeterea a magnis regibus hoc est Nicomede Bithyniae, Mithridate Ponti et Armeniae, Ariarathe Cappadociae, Pylaemene Paphlagoniae eorumque maximis copiis adiutus, conserto tamen bello uictus est;
sent with a very well equipped army, and helped besides by great kings, that is, Nicomedes of Bithynia, Mithridates of Pontus and Armenia, Ariarathes of Cappadocia, Pylaemenes of Paphlagonia, and their very great forces, he was nevertheless defeated when battle was joined;
Notes and citation
Summary: Crassus is defeated despite royal allies.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.10.2 (CSEL 5:298; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.10.3CSEL 5:298–299
et cum, exercitu post plurimam caedem in fugam acto, ipse iam circumuentus ab hostibus et paene captus esset, uirgam, qua erat usus ad equum, in oculum Thraecis inpegit; barbarus autem cum ira et dolore exarsisset, latus Crassi gladio transuerberauit. ita ille excogitato genere mortis effugit et dedecus et seruitutem.
and when, after his army had been put to flight with very great slaughter, he himself was already surrounded by the enemy and almost captured, he drove the rod he had been using on his horse into the eye of a Thracian; the barbarian, blazing with anger and pain, ran Crassus through the side with his sword. So by a contrived kind of death he escaped both disgrace and slavery.
Notes and citation
Summary: Crassus provokes his own death to avoid capture.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.10.3 (CSEL 5:298–299; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.10.4CSEL 5:299
Perpenna consul, qui Crasso successerat, audita morte Crassi et clade exercitus Romani raptim in Asiam peruolauit, Aristonicum recenti uictoria feriatum inprouiso bello adortus nudatumque omnibus copiis in fugam uertit;
The consul Perpenna, who had succeeded Crassus, hearing of Crassus's death and the disaster of the Roman army, hurried swiftly into Asia, attacked Aristonicus in an unexpected war while he was relaxing after his recent victory, and, stripping him of all his forces, put him to flight;
Notes and citation
Summary: Perpenna defeats Aristonicus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.10.4 (CSEL 5:299; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.10.5CSEL 5:299
cumque Stratonicen urbem, ad quam ille confugerat, obsidione cinxisset, trucidatum fame ad deditionem coegit. Perpenna consul apud Pergamum correptus morbo diem obiit; Aristonicus Romae iussu senatus in carcere strangulatus est.
and when he had surrounded with a siege the city of Stratonicea, to which Aristonicus had fled, he forced him, destroyed by hunger, to surrender. The consul Perpenna was seized by illness at Pergamum and died; Aristonicus was strangled in prison at Rome by order of the senate.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aristonicus surrenders and is executed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.10.5 (CSEL 5:299; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.10.6CSEL 5:299
Eodem anno Ptolemaei Alexandrinorum regis misera uita miseriorem uitae exitum dedit. is enim sororem suam stupro cognitam ac deinde in matrimonium receptam nouissime turpius quam duxit abiecit.
In the same year Ptolemy, king of the Alexandrians, ended a wretched life with a still more wretched end. For he had known his own sister by illicit intercourse and then taken her in marriage, and at last cast her off more shamefully than he had married her.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ptolemy's incestuous marriage.
- stuprum: illicit sexual intercourse; here incest.
Topics: Sexual morality
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.10.6 (CSEL 5:299; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.10.7CSEL 5:299
priuignam uero suam, hoc est filiam sororis et coniugis, coniugem adsciuit, filium suum, quem ex sorore susceperat, nec non et filium fratris occidit. quamobrem tantis incestis parricidiisque exsecrabilis ab Alexandrinis regno pulsus est.
He then took as wife his stepdaughter, that is, the daughter of his sister and wife, and killed his son whom he had had by his sister, and also his brother's son. For this reason, accursed for such incests and murders of kin, he was driven from his kingdom by the Alexandrians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ptolemy is expelled for incest and murders.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): priuigaam → priuignam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.10.7 (CSEL 5:299; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.10.8CSEL 5:299–300
Isdem temporibus Antiochus, non contentus Babylona atque Ecbatana totoque Mediae imperio, aduersus Phrahatem Parthorum regem congressus et uictus est. qui cum in exercitu suo centum milia armatorum habere uideretur, ducenta milia amplius calonum atque lixarum inmixta scortis et histrionibus trahebat. itaque facile cum uniuerso exercitu suo Parthorum uiribus oppressus interiit.
At the same time Antiochus, not content with Babylon and Ecbatana and the whole empire of Media, engaged Phraates, king of the Parthians, and was defeated. Although he seemed to have a hundred thousand armed men in his army, he dragged with him more than two hundred thousand camp servants and sutlers mixed with prostitutes and actors. So he easily perished with his whole army, crushed by the strength of the Parthians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antiochus perishes against the Parthians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.10.8 (CSEL 5:299–300; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.10.9CSEL 5:300
C. Sempronio Tuditano et M. Acilio consulibus P. Scipionem Africanum pridie pro contione de periculo salutis suae contestatum, quod sibi pro patria laboranti ab improbis et ingratis denuntiari cognouisset, alio mane exanimem in cubiculo suo repertum non temere inter maxima Romanorum mala recensuerim, praesertim cum tantum in ea urbe Africani uigor et modestia ualeret, ut facile uiuo eo neque sociale neque ciuile bellum posse exsistere crederetur.
In the consulship of Gaius Sempronius Tuditanus and Manius Acilius, Publius Scipio Africanus, who the day before had declared before the assembly the danger to his life, since he had learned that he was being threatened by wicked and ungrateful men while laboring for his country, was found lifeless in his bedroom the next morning; I would not lightly reckon this among the greatest evils of the Romans, especially since the vigor and moderation of Africanus counted for so much in that city that it was believed that while he lived neither a war with the allies nor a civil war could easily arise.
Notes and citation
Summary: The mysterious death of Scipio Africanus.
- “M. Acilio” as printed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.10.9 (CSEL 5:300; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.10.10CSEL 5:300
hunc quidam uxoris suae Semproniae, Gracchorum autem sororis, dolo necatum ferunt, ne scelerata ut credo familia ad perniciem patriae suae nata inter impias seditiones uirorum non etiam facinoribus mulierum esset immanior.
Some say he was killed by the treachery of his wife Sempronia, sister of the Gracchi, so that, I suppose, a wicked family born for the ruin of its homeland should not be more monstrous amid the impious seditions of its men without the crimes of its women as well.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rumor blames his wife Sempronia.
- The Latin of the purpose clause is ironic: the family's men had their seditions, so its women must add crimes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.10.10 (CSEL 5:300; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.10.11CSEL 5:300–301
M. Aemilio L. Oreste consulibus Aetna uasto tremore concussa exundauit igneis globis, rursusque alio die Lipara insula et uicinum circa eam mare in tantum efferbuit, ut adustas quoque rupes dissoluerit, tabulata nauium liquefactis ceris extorruerit, exanimatos pisces supernatantesque excoxerit, homines quoque, nisi qui longius potuere diffugere, reciprocato anhelitu calidi aeris adustis introrsum uitalibus suffocarit
In the consulship of Marcus Aemilius and Lucius Orestes, Etna, shaken by a vast tremor, poured out balls of fire; and again on another day the island of Lipara and the sea around it boiled so greatly that it dissolved even scorched rocks, dried out the planking of ships when the wax melted, cooked dead fish floating on the surface, and suffocated men too, except those who could flee far away, by burning their vital organs within as they breathed the hot air in and out.
Notes and citation
Summary: Volcanic eruptions at Etna and Lipara.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): concnssa → concussa; supematantesque → supernatantesque; suffooarit → suffocarit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.10.11 (CSEL 5:300–301; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-10-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 11
5.11.1CSEL 5:301
M. Plautio Hypsaeo M. Fuluio Flacco consulibus uixdum Africam a bellorum excidiis quiescentem horribilis et inusitata perditio consecuta est.
In the consulship of Marcus Plautius Hypsaeus and Marcus Fulvius Flaccus, a horrible and unheard-of destruction followed upon Africa, which was barely resting from the ravages of wars.
Notes and citation
Summary: A disaster strikes Africa.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): M. Plantio Hypsaeo M. Faluio Flaoco → M. Plautio Hypsaeo M. Fuluio Flacco.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.11.1 (CSEL 5:301; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.11.2CSEL 5:301
namque cum per totam Africam inmensae lucustarum multitudines coaluissent et non modo iam cunctam spem frugum abrasissent herbasque omnes cum parte radicum, folia arborum cum teneritudine ramorum consumpsissent, uerum etiam amaras cortices atque arida ligna praeroderent, repentino abreptae uento atque in globos coactae portataeque diu per aerem, Africano pelago inmersae sunt.
For when immense multitudes of locusts had gathered throughout all Africa, and had not only scraped away all hope of crops and consumed all grasses with part of their roots and the leaves of trees with the tender shoots of the branches, but were even gnawing the bitter bark and dry wood, they were suddenly snatched up by the wind, driven together into masses, carried for a long time through the air, and plunged into the African sea.
Notes and citation
Summary: A plague of locusts drowned in the sea.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): oum per totam Africam mmensae → cum per totam Africam inmensae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.11.2 (CSEL 5:301; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.11.3CSEL 5:301–302
harum cum inmensos aceruos longe undis urguentibus fluctus per extenta late litora propulissent, taetrum nimis atque ultra opinionem pestiferum odorem tabida et putrefacta congeries exhalauit, unde omnium pariter animantum tanta pestilentia consecuta est, ut auium pecudum ac bestiarum corruptione aeris dissolutarum putrefacta passim cadauera uitium corruptionis augerent.
When the waves, driven far by the billows, had pushed immense heaps of them along widely extended shores, the rotting, putrefied mass breathed out a stench exceedingly foul and pestilential beyond belief; from this so great a pestilence followed for all living things alike that the decaying corpses of birds, cattle, and beasts, destroyed by the corruption of the air, lying everywhere, increased the evil of the corruption.
Notes and citation
Summary: The rotting locusts cause a pestilence.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.11.3 (CSEL 5:301–302; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.11.4CSEL 5:302
at uero quanta fuerit hominum lues, ego ipse, dum refero, toto corpore perhorresco: siquidem in Numidia, in qua tunc Micipsa rex erat, octingenta milia hominum, circa oram uero maritimam, quae maxime Carthaginiensi atque Vticensi litori adiacet, plus quam ducenta milia perisse traditum est, apud ipsam uero Vticam ciuitatem triginta milia militum, quae ad praesidium totius Africae ordinata fuerant, extincta atque abrasa sunt.
But how great the plague among men was, I myself shudder with my whole body as I relate it: for in Numidia, where Micipsa was then king, eight hundred thousand men are said to have perished, and along the seacoast, which lies chiefly by the shore of Carthage and Utica, more than two hundred thousand; at the city of Utica itself thirty thousand soldiers, who had been stationed for the defense of all Africa, were wiped out and swept away.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vast numbers die in the plague.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.11.4 (CSEL 5:302; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.11.5CSEL 5:302
quae clades tam repentina ac tam uiolenta institit, ut tunc apud Vticam sub una die per unam portam ex illis iunioribus plus quam mille quingentos mortuos elatos fuisse narretur.
This disaster came on so suddenly and so violently that at Utica, it is said, more than fifteen hundred of those young men were carried out dead through one gate on a single day.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fifteen hundred dead in one day at one gate.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.11.5 (CSEL 5:302; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.11.6CSEL 5:302–303
Verumtamen pace et gratia omnipotentis Dei dixerim, de cuius misericordia et in cuius fiducia haec loquor: quamuis et temporibus nostris exoriantur aliquando et hoc diuersis partibus lucustae et plerumque etiam sed tolerabiliter laedant, numquam tamen temporibus Christianis tanta uis inextricabilis mali accidit, ut pernicies lucustarum, quae nullo modo ferri uiua potuisset, mortua plus noceret et qua diu uiuente peritura erant omnia, ea perdita pereuntibus magis omnibus optandum fuerit, ne perisset.
Yet, by the peace and grace of almighty God I would say, of whose mercy and in trust in whom I speak these things: although even in our times locusts sometimes arise, and that in various places, and often do harm, but tolerably, never in Christian times has so great a force of inescapable evil occurred that the plague of locusts, which could in no way be endured alive, did more harm dead, and that when, while it lived, everything was about to perish, it would have been more desirable for all, perishing once it was destroyed, that it had not perished.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nothing so terrible has happened in Christian times.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): tanta uis inextricabilis mali accidi, → tanta uis inextricabilis mali accidit,.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.11.6 (CSEL 5:302–303; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-11-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 12
5.12.1CSEL 5:303
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCXXVII L. Caecilio Metello et Q. Titio Flaminino coss. Carthago in Africa restitui iussa uicensimo secundo demum anno quam fuerat euersa deductis ciuium Romanorum familiis, quae eam incolerent, restituta et repleta est, magno ante prodigio praecedente.
In the 627th year from the founding of the City, in the consulship of Lucius Caecilius Metellus and Quintus Titius Flamininus, Carthage in Africa was ordered to be restored, and in the twenty-second year after it had been overthrown it was restored and filled by settling there families of Roman citizens to inhabit it, a great portent having gone before.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage is refounded as a Roman colony.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): L. Caeoilio → L. Caecilio.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.12.1 (CSEL 5:303; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.12.2CSEL 5:303–304
nam cum mensores ad limitandum Carthaginiensem agrum missi stipites, terminorum indices, fixos nocte a lupis reuulsos mordicus conrososque reperissent, aliquamdiu haesitatum est, utrum Romanae paci expediret Carthaginem reformari.
For when the surveyors sent to mark out the boundaries of the territory of Carthage found that the stakes fixed as boundary markers had been torn up at night by wolves and gnawed with their teeth, there was hesitation for some time whether it was expedient for the Roman peace that Carthage be rebuilt.
Notes and citation
Summary: Wolves tear up the boundary stakes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.12.2 (CSEL 5:303–304; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.12.3CSEL 5:304
Eodem anno C. Gracchus, Gracchi illius qui iam occisus in seditione fuerat frater, tribunus plebi per tumultum creatus magna reipublicae pernicies fuit.
In the same year Gaius Gracchus, brother of the Gracchus who had already been killed in the sedition, created tribune of the plebs amid tumult, was a great ruin to the commonwealth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gaius Gracchus becomes tribune.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Graochi → Gracchi.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.12.3 (CSEL 5:304; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.12.4CSEL 5:304
nam cum saepe populum Romanum largitionibus promissisque nimiis in acerbissimas seditiones excitauisset, maxime legis agrariae causa, pro qua etiam frater eius Gracchus fuerat occisus, tandem a tribunatu Minucio successore decessit.
For after he had often roused the Roman people to the bitterest seditions by largesses and excessive promises, chiefly on account of the agrarian law, for which his brother Gracchus too had been killed, he at last left the tribunate, with Minucius as his successor.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gaius Gracchus stirs sedition over the land law.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.12.4 (CSEL 5:304; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.12.5CSEL 5:304
Minucius tribunus plebi cum maxima ex parte decessoris sui Gracchi statuta conuulsisset legesque abrogasset, C. Gracchus cum Fuluio Flacco ingenti stipatus agmine Capitolium, ubi contio agitabatur, ascendit: ibi maximo tumultu excitato quidam praeco a Gracchanis interfectus uelut signum belli fuit.
When Minucius, tribune of the plebs, had overturned for the most part the enactments of his predecessor Gracchus and repealed his laws, Gaius Gracchus with Fulvius Flaccus, surrounded by a huge throng, went up to the Capitol, where an assembly was being held; there a very great tumult was raised, and a certain herald killed by the Gracchans became as it were the signal for war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Violence on the Capitol.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.12.5 (CSEL 5:304; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.12.6CSEL 5:304
Flaccus duobus filiis armatis cinctus, comitante etiam Graccho togato breuemque gladium sub sinistra occultante, quamuis et praeconem frustra praemisisset, qui seruos ad libertatem uocaret, Dianium tamquam arcem occupauit.
Flaccus, girded with his two sons in arms, and accompanied also by Gracchus in his toga with a short sword hidden under his left arm, after he had vainly sent ahead a herald to call the slaves to freedom, seized the temple of Diana as a citadel.
Notes and citation
Summary: Flaccus and Gracchus occupy the temple of Diana.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Flaocus duobus → Flaccus duobus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.12.6 (CSEL 5:304; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.12.7CSEL 5:304–305
contra D. Brutus uir consularis a cliuo Publicio cum ingenti certamine inruit. ibi Flaccus diu obstinatissime dimicauit; Gracchus, postquam in templum Mineruae secesserat, gladio incumbere uolens, interuentu Laetorii retentus est. itaque cum diu anceps bellum agitaretur, tandem sagittarii ab Opimio missi consertam multitudinem disturbauerunt.
Against them Decimus Brutus, a man of consular rank, rushed down from the Publician slope with a huge struggle. There Flaccus fought long and most stubbornly; Gracchus, after he had withdrawn into the temple of Minerva, wishing to fall on his sword, was held back by the intervention of Laetorius. So, when the fight had long gone on doubtfully, archers sent by Opimius at last broke up the massed crowd.
Notes and citation
Summary: Battle with the Gracchans.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray mark): D. Brutus nir consularis → D. Brutus uir consularis; agitaretur,: → agitaretur,.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.12.7 (CSEL 5:304–305; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.12.8CSEL 5:305
duo Flacci pater filiusque cum per aedem Lunae in priuatam domum desiluissent foresque obiecissent, rescisso craticio pariete confossi sunt. Gracchus diu pro se amicis pugnantibus ac pereuntibus aegre ad pontem sublicium peruenit ibique, ne uiuus caperetur, ceruicem seruo suo praebuit.
The two Flacci, father and son, after leaping down through the temple of Luna into a private house and barring the doors, were run through when the wattle wall was cut open. Gracchus, while his friends fought and died for him for a long time, barely reached the Sublician bridge and there, so as not to be taken alive, offered his neck to his slave.
Notes and citation
Summary: The deaths of the Flacci and of Gaius Gracchus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): dno Flacci → duo Flacci; ne ninus caperetur → ne uiuus caperetur.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.12.8 (CSEL 5:305; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.12.9CSEL 5:305
caput Gracchi excisum consuli adlatum est, corpus ad Corneliam matrem Misenum oppidum deuectum est. haec autem Cornelia, Africani maioris filia, Misenum, ut dixi, prioris filii morte secesserat. bona Gracchi publicata sunt; Flaccus adulescens in robore necatus est; ex factione Gracchi ducenti quinquaginta in Auentino caesi fuisse referuntur.
Gracchus's head was cut off and brought to the consul; his body was taken to his mother Cornelia at the town of Misenum. This Cornelia, daughter of the elder Africanus, had, as I said, withdrawn to Misenum after the death of her first son. Gracchus's property was confiscated; the young Flaccus was put to death in the dungeon; of Gracchus's faction two hundred and fifty are reported to have been slain on the Aventine.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aftermath of Gracchus's death.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.12.9 (CSEL 5:305; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.12.10CSEL 5:305
Opimius consul sicut in bello fortis fuit ita in quaestione crudelis. nam amplius tria milia hominum suppliciis necauit, ex quibus plurimi ne dicta quidem causa innocentes interfecti sunt.
The consul Opimius, as he was brave in war, so was he cruel in judicial inquiry. For he put to death more than three thousand men by execution, of whom very many were killed innocent without even being allowed to plead their case.
Notes and citation
Summary: Opimius's cruel reprisals.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.12.10 (CSEL 5:305; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-12-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 13
5.13.1CSEL 5:305–306
Isdem temporibus Metellus Baleares insulas bello peruagatus edomuit et piraticam infestationem, quae ab isdem tunc exoriebatur, plurima incolarum caede conpressit.
At the same time Metellus overran the Balearic Islands in war and subdued them, and suppressed with great slaughter of the inhabitants the piratical raids which then arose from them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Metellus subdues the Balearic Islands.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.13.1 (CSEL 5:305–306; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-13-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-13-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.13.2CSEL 5:306
Gnaeus quoque Domitius proconsule Allobrogas Gallos iuxta oppidum Vindalium grauissimo bello uicit, maxime cum elephantorum noua forma equi hostium hostesque conterriti diffugissent: xx milia ibi Allobrogum caesa referuntur, tria milia capta sunt.
Gnaeus Domitius too, as proconsul, defeated the Allobrogian Gauls near the town of Vindalium in a very severe war, chiefly because the enemy's horses and the enemy themselves, terrified by the strange shape of the elephants, fled; twenty thousand Allobroges are reported slain there, and three thousand captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: Domitius defeats the Allobroges.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.13.2 (CSEL 5:306; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-13-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-13-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.13.3CSEL 5:306
Eodem tempore Aetna mons ultra solitum exarsit et torrentibus igneis superfusis lateque circumfluentibus Catinam urbem finesque eius oppressit ita ut tecta aedium calidis cineribus praeusta et praegrauata conruerent: cuius leuandae cladis causa senatus decem annorum uectigalia Catinensibus remisit.
At the same time Mount Etna blazed up more than usual, and with torrents of fire pouring over and flowing widely around, it overwhelmed the city of Catina and its territory, so that the roofs of houses, scorched and weighed down by hot ashes, collapsed; to relieve this disaster the senate remitted the taxes of the Catinians for ten years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Etna destroys Catina.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.13.3 (CSEL 5:306; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-13-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-13-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 14
5.14.1CSEL 5:306–307
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCXXVIII Fabius consul Bituito regi Aruernorum Galliae ciuitatis bellum maximo instructu conparanti adeo cum paruo exercitu occurrit, ut Bituitus paucitatem Romanorum uix ad escam canibus, quos in agmine habebat, sufficere posse iactaret.
In the 628th year from the founding of the City, the consul Fabius met Bituitus, king of the Arverni, a Gallic state, who was preparing war with very great equipment, with so small an army that Bituitus boasted that the small number of the Romans would scarcely be enough to feed the dogs he had in his column.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fabius faces Bituitus of the Arverni.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips): Anno ab Yrbe condita Dcxxvm → Anno ab Vrbe condita DCXXVIII; pauoi-is tatem → paucitatem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.14.1 (CSEL 5:306–307; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.14.2CSEL 5:307
qui cum sibi ad transferendas copias unum pontem Rhodani fluminis parum esse intellegeret, alium conpactis lintribus catenisque conexum superstratis confixisque tabulis instruxit.
Since he perceived that one bridge over the river Rhone was too little for him to bring his forces across, he built another of boats fastened together and linked with chains, with planks laid over them and nailed down.
Notes and citation
Summary: Bituitus builds a pontoon bridge.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): qm oum sibi → qui cum sibi.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.14.2 (CSEL 5:307; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.14.3CSEL 5:307
conserta pugna et diu grauiter agitata, uicti Galli conuersique in fugam, dum quisque sibi timet, coaceruatis inconsulte agminibus et praepropero transitu pontis uincula ruperunt ac mox cum ipsis lintribus mersi sunt.
When battle was joined and had long been fought hard, the Gauls were defeated and turned to flight; while each feared for himself, their columns crowded together recklessly, and by their headlong crossing of the bridge they broke its fastenings and soon sank with the boats themselves.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls drown when the bridge breaks.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.14.3 (CSEL 5:307; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.14.4CSEL 5:307
centum octoginta milia armatorum in exercitu Bituiti fuisse traduntur, ex quibus centum quinquaginta milia uel caesa uel mersa sunt.
There are said to have been a hundred and eighty thousand armed men in the army of Bituitus, of whom a hundred and fifty thousand were either slain or drowned.
Notes and citation
Summary: The losses of Bituitus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): centum cotoginta → centum octoginta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.14.4 (CSEL 5:307; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.14.5CSEL 5:307
Q. Marcius consul Gallorum gentem sub radice Alpium sitam bello adgressus est. qui cum se Romanis copiis circumsaeptos uiderent belloque inpares fore intellegerent, occisis coniugibus ac liberis in flammas sese proiecerunt.
The consul Quintus Marcius attacked in war a people of the Gauls situated at the foot of the Alps. When they saw themselves surrounded by Roman forces and understood that they would be unequal to the war, they killed their wives and children and threw themselves into the flames.
Notes and citation
Summary: An Alpine people destroy themselves.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sub radioe Alpium → sub radice Alpium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.14.5 (CSEL 5:307; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.14.6CSEL 5:307–308
qui uero praeoccupantibus Romanis peragendae tunc mortis suae copiam non habuerant captique fuerant, alii ferro, alii suspendio, alii abnegato cibo sese consumpserunt, nullusque omnino uel paruulus superfuit, qui seruitutis condicionem uitae amore toleraret.
Those who, because the Romans forestalled them, had not had the chance to carry out their death then and had been captured, destroyed themselves, some by the sword, some by hanging, some by refusing food; and not one at all, not even a little child, survived who would endure the condition of slavery for love of life.
Notes and citation
Summary: The captives also kill themselves.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.14.6 (CSEL 5:307–308; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-14-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).