Against Celsus 8.13
Summary: Christians do not serve the pagan gods, who are servants of the devil, not of God; they reverence the one God and his Son, offering prayer to the Father through the Son as high priest.
Textual problem in this passage: the printed text is uncertain or disputed here. See the notes.
Greek text · Koetschau 2:230–231
Εἶτʼ οἴεται ἐκ τοῦ θρησκεύειν ἡμᾶς μετὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἀκολουθεῖν ἡμῖν τὸ καὶ καθʼ ἡμᾶς οὐ μόνον τὸν θεὸν ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ὑπηρέτας αὐτοῦ θεραπεύεσθαι. εἰ μὲν οὖν ἐνόει τοὺς ἀληθῶς ὑπηρέτας τοῦ θεοῦ μετὰ τὸν μονογενῆ τοῦ θεοῦ. τὸν Γαβριὴλ καὶ τὸν Μιχαὴλ καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς ἀγγέλους [ἀρχαγγέλους]. καὶ τούτους ἔλεγε δεῖν θεραπεύεσθαι. ἴσως ἂν τὸ περὶ τοῦ θεραπεύειν αὐτοῦ σημαινόμενον ἐκκαθήραντες καὶ τῶν τοῦ θεραπεύοντος πράξεων εἴπομεν ἂν εἰς τὸν τόπον ὡς περὶ τηλικούτων διαλεγόμενοι ἅπερ ἐχωροῦμεν περὶ αὐτῶν νοῆσαι· νυνὶ δὲ ὑπηρέτας νομίζων τοὺς προσκυνουμένους ὑπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν δαίμονας οὐχ ὑπάγει ἡμᾶς ἀκολουθίᾳ τῇ περὶ τοῦ θεραπεύειν τοὺς τοιούτους. οὓς ὑπηρέτας τοῦ πονηροῦ ὁ λόγος ἀποδείκνυσι καὶ ἄρχοντος τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, ἀφιστάντος ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ οὓς ἂν δύνηται. ὡς οὐχ ὑπηρέτας οὖν, οὓς οἱ λοιποὶ ἄνθρωποι σέβουσι, πάντας σέβειν καὶ θεραπεύειν ἐκκλίνομεν· οὐκ ἂν γὰρ ὑπηρέτας αὐτοὺς διδαχθέντες εἶναι τοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεοῦ ἐλέγομεν εἶναι δαιμόνια. διὸ τὸν ἕνα θεὸν καὶ τὸν ἕνα υἱὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ λόγον καὶ εἰκόνα ταῖς κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν ἡμῖν ἱκεσίαις καὶ ἀξιώσεσι σέβομεν, προσάγοντες τῷ θεῷ τῶν ὅλων τὰς εὐχὰς διὰ τοῦ μονογενοῦς αὐτοῦ· ᾧ πρῶτον προσφέρομεν αὐτὰς, ἀξιοῦντες αὐτὸν „ἱλασμὸν“ ὄντα „τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν“ προσαγαγεῖν ὡς ἀρχιερέα τὰς εὐχὰς καὶ τὰς θυσίας καὶ τὰς ἐντεύξεις ἡμῶν τῷ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεῷ. περὶ τὸν θεὸν οὖν ἡ πίστις ἡμῶν διὰ τοῦ ταύτην βεβαιοῦντος ἐν ἡμῖν υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐδεμίαν ἡμῶν ἔχει δεῖξαι στάσιν περὶ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ Κέλσος. καὶ σέβομέν γε τὸν πατέρα, θαυμάζοντες αὐτοῦ τὸν υἱὸν λόγον καὶ σοφίαν καὶ ἀλήθειαν καὶ δικαιοσύνην καὶ πάντα, ἅπερ εἶναι μεμαθήκαμεν τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ, οὕτω δὴ καὶ τὸν γεννηθέντα ἀπὸ τοιούτου του πατρός. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ταύτῃ.
English · Claude translation
Then he thinks it follows, from our worshipping his Son together with God, that on our view not only God but also his servants are to be served. Now if he meant those who are truly servants of God after the Only-begotten of God, Gabriel and Michael and the rest of the angels, and said that these ought to be served, perhaps, having clarified what he means by “serve” and what the actions of one who serves are, we would have said on the subject, as discussing such great matters, what we were able to understand about them. But as it is, since he thinks the demons worshipped by the nations are servants, he does not bring us by any logical consequence to serve such beings, whom the Word shows to be servants of the evil one and of the ruler of this age, who draws away from God whomever he can. It is, then, because they are not servants of God that we decline to reverence and serve all those whom the rest of mankind reverence; for if we had been taught that they were servants of the God over all, we would not have called them demons. That is why we reverence the one God and his one Son, Word and Image, with supplications and petitions as far as we are able, bringing our prayers to the God of the universe through his Only-begotten; to whom we offer them first, asking him, who is “the propitiation for our sins,” as high priest to bring our prayers and sacrifices and intercessions to the God over all. Our faith, then, is directed to God through his Son, who confirms it in us, and Celsus can show no sedition of ours concerning the Son of God. And we reverence the Father, admiring his Son, who is Word, Wisdom, Truth, Righteousness, and everything that we have learned the Son of God to be; and so too we reverence the one begotten of such a Father. So much for this.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The quotation is 1 John 2:2; compare Heb 4:14 and 1 Tim 2:1 (supplications and intercessions). The editor deletes “archangels” (ἀρχαγγέλους).
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 8.13 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/8/13/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 8.13 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/8/13/).
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