Against Celsus 7.17
Summary: What the prophets foretold was worthy of God: the divine Word came with the human soul of Jesus, and his human death gave an example of dying for piety and began the defeat of the devil.
Greek text · Koetschau 2:168–169
Ἀληθεύει οὖν ἐν μόνῳ κατὰ τὸν τόπον ὁ Κέλσος τῷ· ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἂν προείποιεν τοῦτο οἱ προφῆται· κακὸν γάρ ἐστι καὶ ἀνόσιον. τί δὲ τοῦτο ἢ ὅτι ὁ μέγας θεὸς δουλεύσει ἢ τεθνήξεται; ἄξιον δὲ θεοῦ τὸ προφητευθέν ἐστιν ὑπὸ τῶν προφητῶν, ὅτι τῆς θείας φύσεως „ἀπαύγασμα“ καὶ „χαρακτήρ“ τις ἐνανθρωπούσῃ ψυχῇ ἱερᾷ τῇ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ συνεπιδημήσει τῷ βίῳ, ἵνα σπείρῃ λόγον, οἰκειοῦντα τῷ τῶν ὅλων θεῷ τὸν παραδεξάμενον αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχὴν καὶ γεωργήσαντα καὶ ἐπὶ τέλος ἀγαγόντα πάντα, ὃς τὴν δύναμιν ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἔχει τοῦ ἐν ἀνθρώπου σώματι καὶ ψυχῇ ἐσομένου θεοῦ λόγου. οὕτως δʼ ἔσται, ὡς μὴ ἀποκεκλεῖσθαι τὰς αὐγὰς αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐκείνῳ μόνῳ μηδʼ ὀνομάζεσθαι ὅτι οὐδαμοῦ ἀλλαχοῦ ἐστι τὸ τῶν αὐγῶν τούτων παρεκτικὸν φῶς, θεὸς λόγος ὤν. τὰ περὶ τὸν Ἰησοῦν τοίνυν καθὸ μὲν νενόηται θεότητι ἐν αὐτῷ πραχθέντα, ἐστὶν ὅσια, καὶ οὐ μαχόμενα τῇ περὶ τοῦ θείου ἐννοίᾳ· καθὸ δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἦν, παντὸς μᾶλλον ἀνθρώπου κεκοσμημένος τῇ ἄκρᾳ μετοχῇ τοῦ αὐτολόγου καὶ τῆς αὐτοσοφίας ὑπέμεινεν ὡς σοφὸς καὶ τέλειος ἅπερ ἐχρῆν ὑπομεῖναι τὸν ὑπὲρ παντὸς τοῦ γένους τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἢ καὶ τῶν λογικῶν πάντα πράττοντα. καὶ οὐδὲν ἄτοπον καὶ ἀποτεθνηκέναι τὸν ἄνθρωπον, καὶ τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ οὐ μόνον παράδειγμα ἐκκεῖσθαι τοῦ ὑπὲρ εὐσεβείας ἀποθνῄσκειν ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ εἰργάσθαι ἀρχὴν καὶ προκοπὴν τῆς καταλύσεως τοῦ πονηροῦ καὶ διαβόλου, πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν νενεμημένου. σημεῖα δὲ τῆς καθαιρέσεώς εἰσιν αὐτοῦ οἱ διὰ τὴν ἐπιδημίαν Ἰησοῦ πανταχόθεν φυγόντες μὲν τοὺς κατέχοντας αὐτοὺς δαίμονας, διὰ δὲ τοῦ ἠλευθερῶσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς ὑπʼ ἐκείνους δουλείας ἀνατιθέντες ἑαυτοὺς τῷ θεῷ καὶ τῇ κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν αὐτοῖς καθαρωτέρᾳ ὁσημέραι εἰς αὐτὸν εὐσεβείᾳ.
English · Claude translation
Celsus, then, speaks truly in this passage only in saying: But the prophets would not foretell this; for it is evil and unholy. And what is this but that the great God will be a slave or die? But what was prophesied by the prophets is worthy of God: that a certain “radiance” and “imprint” of the divine nature would come into life together with the holy soul of Jesus as it became man, to sow a word that would make the one who received it into his own soul, cultivated it, and brought it all to completion, akin to the God of the universe. This word has in itself the power of God the Word who would be in a human body and soul. And it will be so that his rays are not shut up in that one alone, nor is it said that the light which gives these rays, being God the Word, is nowhere else. The things concerning Jesus, then, in so far as they are understood as done by the divinity in him, are holy and do not conflict with the conception of the divine; and in so far as he was a man, adorned beyond every man by the highest participation in the Word himself and Wisdom itself, he endured as wise and perfect what the one who does everything for the whole human race, or even for all rational beings, had to endure. And there is nothing absurd in the man having died, and in his death not only being set forth as an example of dying for the sake of piety, but also having brought about the beginning and progress of the destruction of the evil one, the devil, who had taken possession of the whole earth. The signs of his overthrow are those who, because of the coming of Jesus, have everywhere escaped from the demons that held them, and, set free from slavery to them, dedicate themselves to God and to a piety toward him that grows purer day by day, as far as they can.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The allusion is to Heb 1:3 (“radiance” and “imprint”).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a stray space in the digital text): ἀποθνῄ σκειν → ἀποθνῄσκειν.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 7.17 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/7/17/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 7.17 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/7/17/).
Download citation:BibTeX ·RIS (Zotero, EndNote)
Whole work:BibTeX ·RIS ·Markdown text