Against Celsus 4.80

Summary: Scripture shows the first humans guided by God's voice and angels until they could manage on their own; God did not subject humans to beasts but gave them the understanding to master them.

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Greek text · Koetschau 1:350

Καὶ ὁ θεῖος δὲ κατὰ Μωϋσέα λόγος εἰσήγαγε τοὺς πρώτους ἀκούοντας θειοτέρας φωνῆς καὶ χρησμῶν καὶ ὁρῶντας ἔσθʼ ὅτε ἀγγέλων θεοῦ ἐπιδημίας γεγενημένας πρὸς αὐτούς. καὶ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἐν ἀρχῇ τοῦ κόσμου ἐπὶ πλεῖον βεβοηθῆσθαι τὴν ἀνθρώπων φύσιν· ἕως προκοπῆς γενομένης εἰς σύνεσιν καὶ τὰς λοιπὰς ἀρετὰς καὶ τὴν εὕρεσιν τῶν τεχνῶν δυνηθῶσι καὶ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς ζῆν, οὐ χρῄζοντες ἀεὶ ἐπιτροπευόντων καὶ οἰκονομούντων αὐτοὺς μετὰ παραδόξου ἐπιφανείας τῶν ὑπηρετουμένων τῷ τοῦ θεοῦ βουλήματι. ἀκόλουθον δὲ τούτοις τὸ ψεῦδος εἶναι ὅτι κατʼ ἀρχὰς ἄνθρωποι μὲν ὑπὸ θηρίων ἡρπάζοντο καὶ ἠσθίοντο, θηρία δʼ ὑπʼ ἀνθρώπων ἥκιστα ἡλίσκετο. ἐκ δὴ τούτων φανερὸν ὅτι ψεῦδος καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Κέλσου οὕτως λεγόμενον· ὥστε ταύτῃ γε ὁ θεὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μᾶλλον τοῖς θηρίοις ὑπέβαλεν. οὐ γὰρ ὑπέβαλε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοῖς θηρίοις ὁ θεὸς, ἀλλὰ τῇ συνέσει τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἁλωτὰ δέδωκεν εἶναι τὰ θηρία καὶ ταῖς ἀπὸ συνέσεως ὑφισταμέναις κατʼ ἐκείνων τέχναις. οὐ γὰρ ἀθεεὶ ἐμηχανήσαντο σφίσιν αὐτοῖς οἱ ἄνθρωποι σωτηρίαν ἀπὸ τῶν θηρίων καὶ τὴν κατʼ ἐκείνων ἐπικράτειαν.

English · Claude translation

And the divine word according to Moses also presented the first human beings as hearing a more divine voice and oracles, and sometimes seeing visits of God's angels made to them. For it is likely that at the beginning of the world human nature was helped to a greater degree, until, having made progress in understanding and the other virtues and in the discovery of the arts, they were able to live on their own as well, not always needing those who serve God's will to guide and manage them with a wondrous appearance. It follows from this that it is false that at the beginning human beings were seized and eaten by wild beasts, while wild beasts were very rarely caught by human beings. From this it is plain that what Celsus says in these words is false too: "So that in this way at least God subjected human beings rather to the wild beasts." For God did not subject human beings to the wild beasts, but gave the wild beasts to be caught by human understanding and by the arts that understanding produces against them. For it was not without God that human beings contrived for themselves safety from wild beasts and mastery over them.

About this passage

Source
Koetschau 1:350 · Paul Koetschau, ed., Origenes Werke 1–2: Gegen Celsus, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1899) · Greek text: P. Koetschau, Origenes Werke 1–2 (GCS 2–3, 1899), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Koetschau, GCS 2–3. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; no textual problem is noted in this passage.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-27 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Koetschau, GCS 2–3; made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 4 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Scripture

Cite this passage

Origen, Cels. 4.80 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/4/80/).

Plain text
Origen, Cels. 4.80 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/4/80/).

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