Against Celsus 4.32
Summary: Providence transferred the dignity of Israel's law to believers from all nations through Jesus, whose word prevailed despite demon-inspired persecution by rulers and peoples; Israel was protected while faithful and forsaken after killing Jesus.
Greek text · Koetschau 1:302–303
Ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ οὐδὲν βέβαιον ἐν ἀνθρωπίνῃ φύσει, ἐχρῆν κἀκείνην τὴν πολιτείαν κατὰ βραχὺ καταφθειρομένην ἐκδιαιτηθῆναι. ἡ πρόνοια δὲ τὸ σεμνὸν τοῦ λόγου αὐτῶν ἁρμοζόντως τοῖς πανταχοῦ κατὰ τὰ δεόμενα μεταποιήσεως μεταποιήσασα, ἀντʼ ἐκείνων τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν πανταχοῦ ἀνθρώπων πιστεύουσι παραδέδωκε τὴν σεμνὴν κατὰ τὸν Ἰησοῦν θεοσέβειαν· ὅστις οὐ μόνον συνέσει ἀλλὰ καὶ θείᾳ μοίρᾳ κοσμηθεὶς καὶ καταβαλὼν τὸν περὶ τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς δαιμόνων λόγον, λιβανωτῷ καὶ αἵματι καὶ ταῖς ἀπὸ τῆς κνίσσης ἀναθυμιάσεσι χαιρόντων καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους κατασπώντων δίκην τῶν μυθευομένων Τιτάνων ἢ Γιγάντων ἀπὸ τῆς περὶ θεοῦ ἐννοίας, αὐτὸς οὐ φροντίσας τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς αὐτῶν, ἐπιβουλευόντων μάλιστα τοῖς βελτίοσιν, ἔθετο νόμους, καθʼ οὓς οἱ βιοῦντες μακάριοι ἔσονται, μηδαμῶς τοὺς δαίμονας διὰ τῶν θυσιῶν κολακεύοντες καὶ πάντῃ καταφρονοῦντες αὐτῶν διὰ τὸν βοηθοῦντα τοῦ θεοῦ λόγον τοῖς ἄνω καὶ πρὸς θεὸν βλέπουσι. καὶ ἐπεὶ ὁ θεὸς ἐβούλετο κρατῆσαι ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τὸν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ λόγον, οὐδὲν δεδύνηνται δαίμονες. καίτοι γε πάντα κάλων κινήσαντες, ἵνα μὴ Χριστιανοὶ μηκέτʼ ὦσι· τούς τε γὰρ βασιλεύοντας καὶ τὴν σύγκλητον βουλὴν καὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας πανταχοῦ ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς δήμους αὐτοὺς. οὐκ αἰσθανομένους τῆς ἀλόγου καὶ πονηρᾶς τῶν δαιμόνων ἐνεργείας, ἐξετάραξαν κατὰ τοῦ λόγου καὶ τῶν πιστευόντων εἰς αὐτόν· ἀλλʼ ὁ πάντων δυνατώτερος τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος, καὶ κωλυόμενος ὡσπερεὶ τροφὴν πρὸς τὸ αὔξειν τὸ κωλύεσθαι λαμβάνων, προβαίνων πλείονας ἐνέμετο ψυχάς· θεὸς γὰρ τοῦτʼ ἐβούλετο. ταῦτα δʼ ἡμῖν εἰ καὶ ἐν παρεκβάσει λέλεκται. ἀλλὰ ἀναγκαίως οἶμαι. ἐβουλόμεθα γὰρ ἀπαντῆσαι πρὸς τὸ περὶ Ἰουδαίων ὑπὸ τοῦ Κέλσου λεγόμενον, ὅτι δὴ ἀπʼ Αἰγύπτου δραπέται γεγόνασι, καὶ ὅτι μηδὲν πώποτʼ ἀξιόλογον οἱ ἄνθρωποι οἱ θεοφιλεῖς ἔπραξαν. ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τὸ οὔτʼ ἐν λόγῳ οὔτʼ ἐν ἀριθμῷ γεγόνασί φαμεν ὅτι ὡς „γένος ἐκλεκτὸν“ καὶ „βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα“ ἀναχωροῦντες καὶ ἐκκλίνοντες τὴν πρὸς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐπιμιξίαν, ἵνα μὴ διαφθαρεῖεν τὰ ἤθη, ἐφρουροῦντο ὑπὸ τῆς θείας δυνάμεως· οὔτʼ ἐπιθυμοῦντες, ὡς οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, προσλαβεῖν ἑαυτοῖς ἄλλας βασιλείας οὔτε καταλειπόμενοι, ὡς διὰ τὴν ὀλιγότητα εὐεπιβουλεύτους αὐτοὺς γενέσθαι καὶ ὅσον ἐπὶ τῇ ὀλιγότητι ἄρδην ἀπολέσθαι. καὶ τοῦτʼ ἐγίνετο, ὅσον ἔτι ἦσαν ἄξιοι τῆς ἀπὸ θεοῦ φρουρᾶς· ὅτε δʼ ἐχρῆν αὐτοὺς ὡς ὅλον ἔθνος ἁμαρτάνον διὰ πόνων ἐπιστρέφεσθαι πρὸς τὸν θεὸν αὐτῶν, ὁτὲ μὲν ἐπὶ πλεῖον ὁτὲ δʼ ἐπʼ ἔλαττον ἐγκατελείποντο, ἕως ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίων τὴν μεγίστην ποιήσαντες ἁμαρτίαν ἐν τῷ ἀποκτεῖναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν τέλεον ἐγκατελείφθησαν.
English · Claude translation
But since nothing is stable in human nature, that commonwealth too, gradually corrupted, had to be changed. And providence, having transformed the dignity of their teaching where it needed transformation to suit people everywhere, has handed over, in place of them, to those from all nations who believe, the dignified worship of God according to Jesus. He, adorned not only with understanding but also with a divine portion, and having overthrown the doctrine concerning the daemons on earth, who delight in frankincense and blood and the steam of burnt fat, and drag men down from the conception of God like the Titans or Giants of myth, himself heedless of their plotting, which is aimed especially at the better people, laid down laws by which those who live will be blessed, in no way flattering the daemons with sacrifices, but wholly despising them through the Word of God, who helps those who look up to God. And since God willed that the word of Jesus should prevail among men, the daemons have been able to do nothing, though they moved every rope so that Christians might no longer exist; for they stirred up kings, the senate, rulers everywhere, and even the peoples themselves, who did not perceive the irrational and wicked working of the daemons, against the word and those who believe in it. But the Word of God, more powerful than all, taking hindrance as it were for food for its growth, advanced and won more souls; for God willed this. We have said these things, though in a digression, necessarily, I think; for we wanted to answer what Celsus says about the Jews, that they were runaways from Egypt, and that these men beloved of God never did anything worth mentioning. And to the claim that “they were never of any account or number,” we say that as “a chosen race” and “a royal priesthood,” withdrawing and avoiding mixing with the many so that their character might not be corrupted, they were guarded by the divine power; neither desiring, as most men do, to gain other kingdoms for themselves, nor abandoned so that, because of their small numbers, they became easy to attack and, as far as their small numbers went, were utterly destroyed. And this happened as long as they were worthy of God's protection. But when they had to be turned back to their God through sufferings, as a whole nation that was sinning, they were forsaken, sometimes more and sometimes less, until, under the Romans, having committed the greatest sin in killing Jesus, they were forsaken completely.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The quotation is 1 Pet 2:9 (Exod 19:6). The final claim reflects the anti-Jewish polemic of early Christian apologetic; it is translated as written.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 4.32 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/4/32/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 4.32 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/4/32/).
Download citation:BibTeX ·RIS (Zotero, EndNote)
Whole work:BibTeX ·RIS ·Markdown text