Against Celsus 1.56
Summary: The prophets foretold two comings of Christ, one humble and one glorious; Psalm 45 calls the anointed one God, anointed by his God.
Greek text · Koetschau 1:107–108
Ἔλαθε δὲ τὸν Κέλσον καὶ τὸν παρʼ αὐτῷ Ἰουδαῖον καὶ πάντας, ὅσοι τῷ Ἰησοῦ μὴ πεπιστεύκασιν, ὅτι αἱ προφητεῖαι δύο λέγουσιν εἶναι τὰς Χριστοῦ ἐπιδημίας, τὴν μὲν προτέραν ἀνθρωποπαθεστέραν καὶ ταπεινοτέραν, ἵνα σὺν ἀνθρώποις ὢν ὁ Χριστὸς διδάξῃ τὴν φέρουσαν πρὸς θεὸν ὁδὸν καὶ μηδενὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ βίῳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀπολογίας καταλίπῃ τόπον ὡς οὐκ ἐγνωκότι περὶ τῆς ἐσομένης κρίσεως, τὴν δʼ ἑτέραν ἔνδοξον καὶ μόνον θειοτέραν, οὐδὲν ἐπιπεπλεγμένον τῇ θειότητι ἔχουσαν ἀνθρωποπαθές. παραθέσθαι δὲ καὶ τὰς προφητείας πολὺ ἂν εἴη· ἀρκεῖ δʼ ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος τὸ ἀπὸ (τοῦ) τεσσαρακοστοῦ καὶ τετάρτου ψαλμοῦ, ὃς καὶ ἐπιγέγραπται πρὸς ἄλλοις εἶναι καὶ „ᾠδὴ ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ, “ ἔνθα καὶ θεὸς ἀνηγόρευται σαφῶς διὰ τούτων· „ἐξεχύθη ἡ χάρις ἐν χείλεσί σου· διὰ τοῦτο εὐλόγησέ σε ὁ θεὸς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. περίζωσαι τὴν ῥομφαίαν σου ἐπὶ τὸν μηρόν σου, δυνατὲ τῇ ὡραιότητί σου καὶ τῷ κάλλει σου, καὶ ἔντεινον καὶ κατευοδοῦ καὶ βασίλευε ἕνεκεν ἀληθείας καὶ πρᾳότητος καὶ δικαιοσύνης, καὶ ὁδηγήσει σε θαυμαστῶς ἡ δεξιά σου. τὰ βέλη σου ἠκονημένα, δυνατὲ, λαοὶ ὑποκάτω σου πεσοῦνται ἐν καρδίᾳ τῶν ἐχθρῶν τοῦ βασιλέως.“ πρόσχες δʼ ἐπιμελῶς τοῖς ἑξῆς, ἔνθα θεὸς εἴρηται· „ὁ θρόνος σου, “ γάρ φησιν, „ὁ θεὸς, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος, ῥάβδος εὐθύτητος ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας σου. ἠγάπησας δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἐμίσησας ἀνομίαν· διὰ τοῦτο ἔχρισέ σε ὁ θεὸς ὁ θεός σου ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου.“ καὶ κατανόει ὅτι θεῷ ὁμιλῶν ὁ προφήτης, οὗ „ὁ θρόνος“ ἐστὶν „εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος, “ καὶ „ῥάβδος εὐθύτητος ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας“ αὐτοῦ, τοῦτον τὸν θεόν φησι κεχρῖσθαι ὑπὸ θεοῦ, ὃς ἦν αὐτοῦ θεός· κεχρῖσθαι δὲ, ἐπεὶ „παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους“ αὐτοῦ οὗτος ἠγάπησε „δικαιοσύνην“ καὶ ἐμίσησεν „ἀνομίαν.“ καὶ μέμνημαί γε πάνυ θλίψας τὸν Ἰουδαῖον νομιζόμενον σοφὸν ἐκ τῆς λέξεως ταύτης· ὃς πρὸς αὐτὴν ἀπορῶν εἶπε τὰ τῷ ἑαυτοῦ ἰουδαϊσμῷ ἀκόλουθα, εἶπε πρὸς μὲν τὸν τῶν ὅλων θεὸν εἰρῆσθαι τὸ „ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ θεὸς, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος, ῥάβδος εὐθύτητος ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας σου.“ πρὸς δὲ τὸν Χριστὸν τὸ „ἠγάπησας δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἐμίσησας ἀνομίαν· διὰ τοῦτο ἔχρισέ σε ὁ θεὸς ὁ θεός σου“ καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς.
English · Claude translation
It escaped Celsus, and his Jew, and all who have not believed in Jesus, that the prophecies speak of two comings of Christ: the first more subject to human experience and more humble, so that Christ, being with human beings, might teach the way that leads to God and leave no one in human life room for excuse as not knowing about the coming judgment; and the other glorious and wholly divine, having nothing of human experience woven into its divinity. To set out the prophecies would take long; for the present it is enough to cite the forty-fourth Psalm, which is entitled, among other things, "A song for the beloved," where he is also clearly proclaimed God in these words: "Grace has been poured out on your lips; therefore God has blessed you forever. Gird your sword on your thigh, O mighty one, in your comeliness and your beauty; and bend your bow, and prosper, and reign for the sake of truth and meekness and righteousness, and your right hand will guide you wonderfully. Your arrows are sharp, O mighty one—peoples will fall under you—in the heart of the king's enemies." But pay careful attention to what follows, where he is called God: "Your throne," he says, "O God, is forever and ever; a scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your kingdom. You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness; therefore God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness above your companions." And notice that the prophet, addressing God, whose "throne" is "forever and ever" and "a scepter of uprightness is the scepter of" his "kingdom," says that this God has been anointed by God, who was his God; and anointed because, "above his companions," he loved "righteousness" and hated "lawlessness." And I remember pressing hard a Jew thought to be wise with this passage. At a loss before it, he said what was consistent with his Judaism: that "Your throne, O God, is forever and ever; a scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your kingdom" was said to the God of the universe, and "You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness; therefore God, your God, has anointed you," and what follows, to the Christ.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The quotations are Ps 45 title and 45:2–7 (44:1, 44:3–8 LXX); cf. Heb 1:8–9.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word wrongly split in the digital text): ἀπο ρῶν → ἀπορῶν.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 1.56 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/1/56/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 1.56 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/1/56/).
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