First Apology 36

Summary: The divine Word speaks through the prophets in different persons: as God, as Christ, or as the people.

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Greek text · Rauschen, 68

Ὅταν δὲ τὰς λέξεις τῶν προφητῶν λεγομένας ὡς ἀπὸ προσώπου ἀκούητε, μὴ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν ἐμπεπνευσμένων λέγεσθαι νομίσητε, ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ τοῦ κινοῦντος αὐτοὺς θείου λόγου. Ποτὲ μὲν γὰρ ὡς προαγγελτικῶς τὰ μέλλοντα γενήσεσθαι λέγει, ποτὲ δὲ ὡς ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ δεσπότου πάντων καὶ πατρὸς θεοῦ φθέγγεται, ποτὲ δὲ ὡς ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ποτὲ δὲ ὡς ἀπὸ προσώπου λαῶν ἀποκρινομένων τῷ κυρίῳ ἢ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ· ὁποῖον καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν παρʼ ὑμῖν συγγραφέων ἰδεῖν ἔστιν, ἕνα μὲν τὸν τὰ πάντα συγγράφοντα ὄντα, πρόσωπα δὲ τὰ διαλεγόμενα παραφέροντα. Ὅπερ μὴ νοήσαντες οἱ ἔχοντες τὰς βίβλους τῶν προφητῶν Ἰουδαῖοι οὐκ ἐγνώρισαν οὐδὲ παραγενόμενον τὸν Χριστόν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμᾶς τοὺς λέγοντας παραγεγενῆσθαι αὐτὸν καί, ὡς προεκεκήρυκτο, ἀποδεικνύντας ἐσταυρῶσθαι ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μισοῦσιν.

English · Claude translation

But when you hear the words of the prophets spoken as from a person, do not think that they are spoken by the inspired men themselves, but by the divine Word who moves them. For sometimes he speaks as foretelling what is to come to pass, sometimes he speaks as from the person of God, the Master and Father of all, sometimes as from the person of Christ, sometimes as from the person of peoples answering the Lord or his Father; just as can be seen in your own writers, where one is the writer of the whole, but brings in the persons who speak in the dialogue. Not understanding this, the Jews who have the books of the prophets did not recognize Christ even when he came, but they even hate us who say that he has come and show that he was crucified by them, as had been proclaimed beforehand.

About this passage

Source
Rauschen, 68 · Gerhard Rauschen, ed., S. Iustini Apologiae duae, Florilegium Patristicum 2 (Bonn: Hanstein, 1911), 8–114 · Greek text: G. Rauschen, S. Iustini Apologiae duae (Florilegium Patristicum 2, 1911), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Rauschen (Florilegium Patristicum 2, 1911); made independently of existing English translations.
Topics
Scripture and canon, Christology

Notes

Translation notes

  • An early statement of the “prosopological” reading of Scripture: identifying which person is speaking in a prophetic text.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (damaged spot in the digital text (a letter lost); restored from the sense): μὴ (??)πʼ αὐτῶν → μὴ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν.

Cite this passage

Justin, 1 Apol. 36 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-1-apology/36/).

Plain text
Justin, 1 Apol. 36 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-1-apology/36/).

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