First Apology 18

Summary: Pagan practices and writers show souls survive death; Christians go further and expect the resurrection of the body.

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Greek text · Rauschen, 38–40

Ἀποβλέψατε γὰρ πρὸς τὸ τέλος ἑκάστου τῶν γενομένων βασιλέων, ὅτι τὸν κοινὸν πᾶσι θάνατον ἀπέθανον· ὅπερ εἰ εἰς ἀναισθησίαν ἐχώρει, ἕρμαιον ἂν ἦν τοῖς ἀδίκοις πᾶσιν. Ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ καὶ αἴσθησις πᾶσι γενομένοις μένει καὶ κόλασις αἰωνία ἀπόκειται, μὴ ἀμελήσητε πεισθῆναί τε καὶ πιστεῦσαι ὅτι ἀληθῆ ταῦτά ἐστι. Νεκυομαντεῖαι μὲν γὰρ καὶ αἱ ἀδιαφθόρων παίδων ἐποπτεύσεις καὶ ψυχῶν ἀνθρωπίνων κλήσεις καὶ οἱ λεγόμενοι παρὰ τοῖς μάγοις ὀνειροπομποὶ καὶ πάρεδροι καὶ τὰ γινόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν ταῦτα εἰδότων πεισάτωσαν ὑμᾶς, ὅτι καὶ μετὰ θάνατον ἐν αἰσθήσει εἰσὶν αἱ ψυχαί, καὶ οἱ ψυχαῖς ἀποθανόντων λαμβανόμενοι καὶ ῥιπτούμενοι ἄνθρωποι, οὓς δαιμονιολήπτους καὶ μαινομένους καλοῦσι πάντες, καὶ τὰ παρʼ ὑμῖν λεγόμενα μαντεῖα Ἀμφιλόχου καὶ Δωδώνης καὶ Πυθοῦς, καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα τοιαῦτά ἐστι, καὶ τὰ τῶν συγγραφέων διδάγματα, Ἐμπεδοκλέους καὶ Πυθαγόρου, Πλάτωνός τε καὶ Σωκράτους καὶ ὁ παρʼ Ὁμήρῳ βόθρος καὶ ἡ κάθοδος Ὀδυσσέως εἰς τὴν τούτων ἐπίσκεψιν καὶ τῶν τὰ αὐτὰ τούτοις εἰπόντων· οἷς κἂν ὁμοίως ἡμᾶς ἀποδέξασθε, οὐχ ἧττον ἐκείνων θεῷ πιστεύοντας ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον, οἳ καὶ τὰ νεκρούμενα καὶ εἰς γῆν βαλλόμενα πάλιν ἀπολήψεσθαι ἑαυτῶν σώματα προσδοκῶμεν, ἀδύνατον μηδὲν εἶναι θεῷ λέγοντες.

English · Claude translation

For look at the end of each of the kings who have lived, that they died the death common to all; which, if it led to insensibility, would be a godsend to all the wicked. But since sensation remains for all who have lived, and eternal punishment is laid up, do not neglect to be persuaded and to believe that these things are true. For necromancy, and the divinations by means of uncorrupted boys, and the summoning of human souls, and those whom the magicians call dream-senders and familiar spirits, and all that is done by those skilled in these things, should persuade you that souls are in a state of sensation even after death; and so should those who are seized and thrown about by the souls of the dead, whom all call demon-possessed and mad; and what you call the oracles of Amphilochus and Dodona and Pytho, and all others of the kind; and the teachings of the writers Empedocles and Pythagoras, Plato and Socrates, and the pit in Homer and the descent of Odysseus to see these things, and the teachings of those who have said the same. Accept us at least as you accept them, since we believe in God not less than they but more, we who expect to receive back our own bodies, though they are dead and cast into the earth, saying that nothing is impossible with God.

About this passage

Source
Rauschen, 38–40 · Gerhard Rauschen, ed., S. Iustini Apologiae duae, Florilegium Patristicum 2 (Bonn: Hanstein, 1911), 8–114 · Greek text: G. Rauschen, S. Iustini Apologiae duae (Florilegium Patristicum 2, 1911), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Rauschen (Florilegium Patristicum 2, 1911); made independently of existing English translations.
Scripture
Extrabiblical texts
  • Homer, Od. 11 (Homer, Odyssey) · allusion, medium confidence
  • Plato (Plato (works)) · allusion, low confidence
Topics
Eschatology

Notes

Translation notes

  • “The pit in Homer”: Odysseus's offering pit and journey to the dead (Odyssey 11).

Cite this passage

Justin, 1 Apol. 18 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-1-apology/18/).

Plain text
Justin, 1 Apol. 18 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-1-apology/18/).

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