Sophia Scriptura

Zeno of Citium in the early church

Texts outside the 66 books of the Protestant Bible. A bracket shows which other churches include a book in their Old Testament canon: RC = Roman Catholic, EO = Eastern Orthodox, ETH = Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo.

Founder of Stoicism; fragments (SVF 1).

27 passages cite it, in date order.

PassageCitesKindDate
Apology 21 · Tertullian—allusion, medium confidenceca. 197
On the Soul 3 · Tertullian—echo, low confidenceca. 210
On the Soul 5 · Tertullian—quotation, medium confidenceca. 210
On the Soul 14 · Tertullian—allusion, medium confidenceca. 210
On the Soul 31 · Tertullian—echo, low confidenceca. 210
Against Celsus 1.5 · OrigenSVF 1.264quotation, high confidenceca. 248
Against the Manichaeans 12 · Alexander of Lycopolis—quotation, medium confidenceca. 280–320
Homilies 5.18 · Anonymous—allusion, low confidence4th century (reworking earlier material)
Divine Institutes 1.5.20 · Lactantius—allusion, medium confidenceca. 303–311
Divine Institutes 4.9.2 · Lactantiusfragmentallusion, high confidenceca. 303–311
Divine Institutes 6.24.14 · Lactantius—allusion, low confidenceca. 303–311
Divine Institutes 7.7.13 · Lactantius—allusion, high confidenceca. 303–311
Preparation for the Gospel 13.13.15 · Eusebius of Caesarea—echo, medium confidenceca. 313–324
Preparation for the Gospel 13.13.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea—allusion, medium confidenceca. 313–324
Preparation for the Gospel 15.13.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea—allusion, medium confidenceca. 313–324
Preparation for the Gospel 15.14.1 · Eusebius of Caesareafr. 98quotation, medium confidenceca. 313–324
Preparation for the Gospel 15.20.1 · Eusebius of Caesareafr. 128quotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Epitome of the Divine Institutes 28.5 · Lactantius—allusion, high confidenceca. 314–320
Epitome of the Divine Institutes 33.6 · Lactantius—allusion, high confidenceca. 314–320
Letter 4 · Basil of Caesarea—allusion, medium confidenceca. 357–378
Letter 39.3 · Jerome—allusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419
Letter 133.1 · Jerome—allusion, low confidenceca. 370–419
On the Duties of the Clergy 2.2 · Ambrose—allusion, medium confidenceca. 386–390
Against Jovinianus 2.21 · Jerome—allusion, high confidence393
Against Jovinianus 2.35 · Jerome—allusion, medium confidence393
On the Trinity 13.5 · Augustine of Hippo—echo, low confidenceca. 399–419
City of God 9.4 · Augustine of Hippo—allusion, low confidence413–426