Preparation for the Gospel 15.23.1–15.61.12
Greek text: Dindorf, Eusebii Opera 1 (Greek text: W. Dindorf, Eusebii Caesariensis Opera 1–2 (Leipzig: Teubner, 1867), digitized by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0). Compare: E. H. Gifford, Eusebii Pamphili Evangelicae Praeparationis libri XV (Oxford, 1903), vol. 3 (English).
Preparation 15, chapter 23
15.23.1Dindorf 2:392–393
Ἀναξίμανδρος κύκλον εἷναι ὀκτωκαιεικοσαπλασίονα τῆς γῆς, ἁρματείῳ τροχῷ παραπλήσιον τὴν ἁψῖδα ἔχοντα, κοίλην, πλήρη πυρὸς, ἧς κατά τι μέρος ἐκφαινούσης διὰ στομίου τὸ πῦρ, ὥσπερ διὰ πρηστῆρος αὐλοῦ· καὶ τοῦτʼ εἶναι τὸν ἥλιον.
Anaximandros kyklon heinai oktōkaieikosaplasiona tēs gēs, harmateiǭ trochǭ paraplēsion tēn hapsida echonta, koilēn, plērē pyros, hēs kata ti meros ekphainousēs dia stomiou to pyr, hōsper dia prēstēros aulou; kai toutʼ einai ton hēlion.
Anaximander: that it is a circle twenty-eight times the size of the earth, like a chariot wheel, having its rim hollow, full of fire, which shows the fire at one place through an opening, as through the nozzle of a bellows; and that this is the sun.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plutarch: Anaximander’s account of the sun as a fiery wheel.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.20.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): ὀκτωαιεικοσαπλασίονα → ὀκτωκαιεικοσαπλασίονα.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.20 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.23.1 (Dindorf 2:392–393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-23-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.23.2Dindorf 2:393
Ξενοφάνης, ἐκ πυριδίων τῶν φαινομένων συναθροιζομένων μὲν ἐκ τῆς ὑγρᾶς ἀναθυμιάσεως, συναθροιζόντων δὲ τὸν ἥλιον ἐκ νεφῶν πεπυρωμένων.
Xenophanēs, ek pyridiōn tōn phainomenōn synathroizomenōn men ek tēs hygras anathymiaseōs, synathroizontōn de ton hēlion ek nephōn pepyrōmenōn.
Xenophanes: that it is from little sparks, which appear gathered from the moist exhalation and which gather the sun together out of clouds set on fire.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xenophanes: the sun is formed from sparks and fiery clouds.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.20.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.20 (Plutarch; quotation); Xenophanes (Xenophanes (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.23.2 (Dindorf 2:393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-23-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.23.3Dindorf 2:393
Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ, ἄναμμα νοερὸν ἐκ θαλάσσης.
Hoi Stōïkoi, anamma noeron ek thalassēs.
The Stoics: an intelligent kindling from the sea.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: the sun is an intelligent fire from the sea.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.20.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.20 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.23.3 (Dindorf 2:393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-23-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.23.4Dindorf 2:393
Πλάτων, ἐκ πλείστου πυρός.
Platōn, ek pleistou pyros.
Plato: from very much fire.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato: the sun is mostly fire.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.20.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.20 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.23.4 (Dindorf 2:393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-23-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.23.5Dindorf 2:393
Ἀναξαγόρας, Δημόκριτος, Μητρόδωρος, μύδρον ἢ πέτρον διάπυρον.
Anaxagoras, Dēmokritos, Mētrodōros, mydron ē petron diapyron.
Anaxagoras, Democritus, Metrodorus: a red-hot mass of metal or a fiery stone.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaxagoras and others: the sun is a fiery stone.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.20.6.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.20 (Plutarch; quotation); Anaxagoras (Anaxagoras; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.23.5 (Dindorf 2:393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-23-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.23.6Dindorf 2:393
Ἀριστοτέλης, σφαῖραν ἐκ τοῦ πέμπτου σώματος.
Aristotelēs, sphairan ek tou pemptou sōmatos.
Aristotle: a sphere of the fifth body.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aristotle: the sun is a sphere of the fifth element.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.20.7.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.20 (Plutarch; quotation); Aristotle (Aristotle (works); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.23.6 (Dindorf 2:393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-23-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.23.7Dindorf 2:393
Φιλόλαος ὁ Πυθαγόρειος δίσκον ὑαλοειδῆ, δεχόμενον μὲν τοῦ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ πυρὸς τὴν ἀνταύγειαν, διηθοῦντα δὲ πρὸς ἡμᾶς τὸ φῶς· ὥστε προσεοικέναι ἡλίου τὸ ἐν οὐρανῷ πυρῶδες τῇ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐνόπτρου κατὰ ἀνάκλασιν διασπειρομένῃ πρὸς ἡμὰς αὐγῇ· καὶ γὰρ ταύτην προσονομάζομεν ἥλιον, οἱονεὶ εἴδωλον εἰδώλου.
Philolaos ho Pythagoreios diskon hyaloeidē, dechomenon men tou en tǭ kosmǭ pyros tēn antaugeian, diēthounta de pros hēmas to phōs; hōste proseoikenai hēliou to en ouranǭ pyrōdes tę̄ apo tou enoptrou kata anaklasin diaspeiromenę̄ pros hēmas augę̄; kai gar tautēn prosonomazomen hēlion, hoionei eidōlon eidōlou.
Philolaus the Pythagorean: a glassy disk, receiving the reflection of the fire in the world and filtering the light through to us; so that the fiery thing in heaven is like the sun, being like the gleam scattered toward us from the mirror by reflection; for this too we call the sun, as it were an image of an image.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philolaus: the sun is a glassy disk reflecting the cosmic fire.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.20.12.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text): διασπειρομένη πρὸς → διασπειρομένῃ πρὸς.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.20 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.23.7 (Dindorf 2:393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-23-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.23.8Dindorf 2:393
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς δύο ἡλίους· τὸν μὲν ἀρχέτυπον πῦρ ἐν τῷ ἑτέρῳ ἡμισφαιρίῳ τοῦ κόσμου, πεπληρωκὸς τὸ ἡμισφαίριον ἀεὶ καταντικρὺ τῆς ἀνταυγείας αὑτοῦ, τὸν δὲ φαινόμενον ἀνταύγειαν εἶναι, ἐν τῷ ἑτέρῳ ἡμισφαιρίῳ, τῷ τοῦ ἀέρος τοῦ θερμομιγοῦς πεπληρωμένῳ, ἀπὸ κυκλοτεροῦς τῆς γῆς κατʼ ἀνάκλασιν ἐγγιγνομένην εἰς τὸν ἥλιον τὸν κρυσταλλοειδῆ, συμπεριελκομένην δὲ τῇ κινήσει τοῦ πυρίνου. ὡς δὲ βραχέως εἰρῆσθαι συντεμόντα, ἀνταύγειαν εἶναι τοῦ περὶ τὴν γῆν πυρὸς τὸν ἥλιον.
Empedoklēs dyo hēlious; ton men archetypon pyr en tǭ heterǭ hēmisphairiǭ tou kosmou, peplērōkos to hēmisphairion aei katantikry tēs antaugeias hautou, ton de phainomenon antaugeian einai, en tǭ heterǭ hēmisphairiǭ, tǭ tou aeros tou thermomigous peplērōmenǭ, apo kykloterous tēs gēs katʼ anaklasin engignomenēn eis ton hēlion ton krystalloeidē, symperielkomenēn de tę̄ kinēsei tou pyrinou. hōs de bracheōs eirēsthai syntemonta, antaugeian einai tou peri tēn gēn pyros ton hēlion.
Empedocles: two suns: one the archetype, fire in the other hemisphere of the world, filling the hemisphere, always opposite its own reflection; and the one that appears is a reflection in the other hemisphere, which is filled with air mixed with heat, coming about by reflection from the round earth onto the crystalline sun and drawn round with the motion of the fiery one. To put it briefly in summary, the sun is a reflection of the fire around the earth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles: two suns, one archetypal fire and one its reflection.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.20.13.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.20 (Plutarch; quotation); Empedocles (Empedocles (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.23.8 (Dindorf 2:393; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-23-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.23.9Dindorf 2:393–394
Ἐπίκουρος, γήινον πύκνωμα, κισσηροειδὲς, καὶ σπογγοειδὲς ταῖς κατατρήσεσιν, ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς ἀνημμένον.”
Epikouros, gēinon pyknōma, kissēroeides, kai spongoeides tais katatrēsesin, hypo tou pyros anēmmenon.”
Epicurus: an earthy condensation, like pumice and sponge in its perforations, kindled by fire.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Epicurus: the sun is a porous earthy mass set on fire.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.20.14.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text): ἀνημμἐνον → ἀνημμένον.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.20 (Plutarch; quotation); Epicurus (Epicurus (sayings and fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.23.9 (Dindorf 2:393–394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-23-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
Preparation 15, chapter 24
15.24.1Dindorf 2:394
“Περὶ μεγέθους ἡλίου. Ἀναξίμανδρος τὸν μὲν ἥλιον ἴσον εἶναι τῇ γῇ, τὸν δὲ κύκλον ἀφʼ οὗ τὴν ἐκπνοὴν ἔχει, καὶ ὑφʼ οὖ φέρεται, ἑπτακαιεικοσαπλασίονα τῆς γῆς.
“Peri megethous hēliou. Anaximandros ton men hēlion ison einai tę̄ gę̄, ton de kyklon aphʼ hou tēn ekpnoēn echei, kai hyphʼ ou pheretai, heptakaieikosaplasiona tēs gēs.
“On the size of the sun. Anaximander: that the sun is equal to the earth, but the circle from which it has its breathing-hole, and by which it is carried, is twenty-seven times the size of the earth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximander on the size of the sun.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.21.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.21 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.24.1 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-24-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.24.2Dindorf 2:394
Ἀναξαγόρας πολλαπλασίονα Πελοποννήσου.
Anaxagoras pollaplasiona Peloponnēsou.
Anaxagoras: many times larger than the Peloponnese.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaxagoras: the sun is larger than the Peloponnese.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.21.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.21 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.24.2 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-24-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.24.3Dindorf 2:394
Ἡράκλειτος, εὖρος ποδὸς ἀνθρωπείου.
Hērakleitos, euros podos anthrōpeiou.
Heraclitus: the width of a human foot.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heraclitus: the sun is the width of a foot.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.21.4; Heraclitus, fragment B 3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.21 (Plutarch; quotation); Heraclitus, fr. B 3 (Heraclitus (fragments); quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.24.3 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-24-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.24.4Dindorf 2:394
Ἐπίκουρος πάλιν φησὶν ἐνδέχεσθαι τὰ προειρημένα πάντα· ἢ τηλικοῦτον ἡλίκος φαίνεται, ἢ μικρῷ μείζω, ἢ ἐλάττω.”
Epikouros palin phēsin endechesthai ta proeirēmena panta; ē tēlikouton hēlikos phainetai, ē mikrǭ meizō, ē elattō.”
Epicurus again says that all the aforesaid are possible; or that it is as large as it appears, or a little larger, or smaller.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Epicurus: any of these sizes is possible.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.21.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.21 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.24.4 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-24-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
Preparation 15, chapter 25
15.25.1Dindorf 2:394
“Περὶ σχήματος ἡλίου. Ἀναξιμένης πλατὺν ὡς πέταλον.
“Peri schēmatos hēliou. Anaximenēs platyn hōs petalon.
“On the shape of the sun. Anaximenes: flat like a leaf.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximenes: the sun is flat like a leaf.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.22.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.22 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.25.1 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-25-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.25.2Dindorf 2:394
Ἡράκλειτος, σκαφοειδῆ, ὑπόκυρτον.
Hērakleitos, skaphoeidē, hypokyrton.
Heraclitus: boat-shaped, somewhat curved.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heraclitus: the sun is bowl-shaped.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.22.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.22 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.25.2 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-25-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.25.3Dindorf 2:394
Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ σφαιροειδῆ ὡς τὸν κόσμον καὶ τὰ ἄστρα.
Hoi Stōïkoi sphairoeidē hōs ton kosmon kai ta astra.
The Stoics: spherical, like the world and the stars.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: the sun is spherical.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.22.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.22 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.25.3 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-25-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.25.4Dindorf 2:394
Ἐπίκουρος ἐνδέχεσθαι τὰ προειρημένα πάντα.” Τοιοῦτος μὲν αὐτοῖς ὁ μέγας τῶν κατʼ οὐρανὸν φαινομένων θεὸς ἥλιος. Μωσῆς δὲ καὶ τὰ Ἑβραίων λόγια οὐδὲν τούτων περιεργάζονται.
Epikouros endechesthai ta proeirēmena panta.” Toioutos men autois ho megas tōn katʼ ouranon phainomenōn theos hēlios. Mōsēs de kai ta Hebraiōn logia ouden toutōn periergazontai.
Epicurus: that all the aforesaid are possible.” Such, for them, is the great god among the things that appear in heaven, the sun. But Moses and the oracles of the Hebrews concern themselves with none of these things.
Notes and citation
Summary: Such is the sun, the philosophers’ great god; Moses does not bother with these speculations.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.22.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text): Μωσης δὲ → Μωσῆς δὲ.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.22 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.25.4 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-25-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 26
15.26.1Dindorf 2:394
“Περὶ σελήνης. Ἀναξίμανδρος κύκλον εἶναι ἐννεακαιδεκαπλασίονα τῆς γῆς, ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡλίου, πλήρη πυρὸς, ἐκλείπειν δὲ κατὰ τὰς ἐπιστροφὰς τοῦ τροχοῦ. ὅμοιον δὲ εἶναι ἁρματείῳ τροχῷ, κοίλην ἔχοντα τὴν ἁψῖδα, καὶ πυρὸς πλήρη, ἔχοντα μίαν ἐκπνοήν.
“Peri selēnēs. Anaximandros kyklon einai enneakaidekaplasiona tēs gēs, hōs epi tou hēliou, plērē pyros, ekleipein de kata tas epistrophas tou trochou. homoion de einai harmateiǭ trochǭ, koilēn echonta tēn hapsida, kai pyros plērē, echonta mian ekpnoēn.
“On the moon. Anaximander: that it is a circle nineteen times the size of the earth, as in the case of the sun, full of fire, and that it is eclipsed according to the turnings of the wheel. It is like a chariot wheel, having its rim hollow and full of fire, with one breathing-hole.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximander: the moon is a fiery wheel.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.25.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.25 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.26.1 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-26-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.26.2Dindorf 2:394
Ξενοφάνης νέφος εἶναι πεπιλημένον.
Xenophanēs nephos einai pepilēmenon.
Xenophanes: that it is a compressed cloud.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xenophanes: the moon is a compressed cloud.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.25.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.25 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.26.2 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-26-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.26.3Dindorf 2:394
Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ μικτὸν ἐκ πυρὸς καὶ ἀέρος.
Hoi Stōïkoi mikton ek pyros kai aeros.
The Stoics: mixed of fire and air.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: the moon is fire and air.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.25.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.25 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.26.3 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-26-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.26.4Dindorf 2:394
Πλάτων ἐκ πλείονος τοῦ γεώδους.
Platōn ek pleionos tou geōdous.
Plato: of a greater share of the earthy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato: the moon is mostly earthy.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.25.6.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.25 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.26.4 (Dindorf 2:394; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-26-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.26.5Dindorf 2:394–395
Ἀναξαγόρας, Δημόκριτος, στερέωμα διάπυρον, ἔχον ἐν ἑαυτῷ πεδία καὶ ὄρη καὶ φάραγγας.
Anaxagoras, Dēmokritos, stereōma diapyron, echon en heautǭ pedia kai orē kai pharangas.
Anaxagoras, Democritus: a fiery solid, having in itself plains and mountains and ravines.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaxagoras and Democritus: the moon has plains and mountains.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.25.9.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.25 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.26.5 (Dindorf 2:394–395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-26-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.26.6Dindorf 2:395
Ἡράκλειτος γῆν ὁμίχλῃ περιεχομένην
Hērakleitos gēn homichlę̄ periechomenēn
Heraclitus: earth surrounded by mist.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heraclitus: the moon is earth surrounded by mist.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.25.10.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.25 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.26.6 (Dindorf 2:395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-26-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.26.7Dindorf 2:395
Πυθαγόρας κατὰ τὸ πυροειδὲς σῶμα.
Pythagoras kata to pyroeides sōma.
Pythagoras: according to the fiery body.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pythagoras: the moon is of a fiery body.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.25.11. Gifford’s text reads “a mirror-like body” (κατοπτροειδές).
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.25 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.26.7 (Dindorf 2:395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-26-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 27
15.27.1Dindorf 2:395
“Περὶ μεγέθους σελήνης. Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ μείζονα τῆς γῆς ἀποφαίνονται, ὡς καὶ τὸν ἥλιον.
“Peri megethous selēnēs. Hoi Stōïkoi meizona tēs gēs apophainontai, hōs kai ton hēlion.
“On the size of the moon. The Stoics declare it larger than the earth, as they do the sun.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: the moon is larger than the earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.26.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.26 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.27.1 (Dindorf 2:395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-27-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.27.2Dindorf 2:395
Παρμενίδης ἴσον τῷ ἡλίῳ· καὶ γὰρ ἀπʼ φωτίζεται.”
Parmenidēs ison tǭ hēliǭ; kai gar apʼ phōtizetai.”
Parmenides: equal to the sun; for it is lit by it.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Parmenides: the moon equals the sun.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.26.2. “By it” supplies a word lost from the text (ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ).
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.26 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.27.2 (Dindorf 2:395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-27-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 28
15.28.1Dindorf 2:395
“Περὶ σχήματος σελήνης. Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ σφαιροειδῆ εἶναι ὡς τὸν ἥλιον. Ἡράκλειτος σκαφοειδῆ. Ἐμπεδοκλῆς δισκοειδῆ. ἄλλοι κυλινδροειδῆ.”
“Peri schēmatos selēnēs. Hoi Stōïkoi sphairoeidē einai hōs ton hēlion. Hērakleitos skaphoeidē. Empedoklēs diskoeidē. alloi kylindroeidē.”
“On the shape of the moon. The Stoics: that it is spherical, like the sun. Heraclitus: boat-shaped. Empedocles: disk-shaped. Others: cylinder-shaped.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Opinions on the moon’s shape.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.27.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.27 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.28.1 (Dindorf 2:395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-28-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 29
15.29.1Dindorf 2:395
“Περὶ φωτισμοῦ σελήνης. Ἀναξίμανδρος ἴδιον αὐτὴν ἔχειν φῶς, ἀραιότερον δέ πως.
“Peri phōtismou selēnēs. Anaximandros idion autēn echein phōs, araioteron de pōs.
“On the illumination of the moon. Anaximander: that it has its own light, but somewhat thinner.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximander: the moon has its own faint light.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.28.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.28 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.29.1 (Dindorf 2:395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-29-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.29.2Dindorf 2:395
Ἀντιφῶν ἰδίῳ φέγγει λάμπειν τὴν σελήνην· τὸ δʼ ὑποκρυπτόμενον περὶ αὐτὴν ὑπὸ τῆς προσβολῆς τοῦ ἡλίου ἀμαυροῦσθαι, πεφυκότος τοῦ ἰσχυροτέρου πυρὸς τὸ ἀσθενέστερον ἀμαυροῦν, ὃ δὴ συμβαίνειν καὶ περὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἄστρα.
Antiphōn idiǭ phengei lampein tēn selēnēn; to dʼ hypokryptomenon peri autēn hypo tēs prosbolēs tou hēliou amaurousthai, pephykotos tou ischyroterou pyros to asthenesteron amauroun, ho dē symbainein kai peri ta alla astra.
Antiphon: that the moon shines with its own light; and that what is hidden about it is dimmed by the impact of the sun, the stronger fire naturally dimming the weaker, which happens also with the other stars.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antiphon: the moon’s own light is dimmed by the sun.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.28.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.28 (Plutarch; quotation); Antiphon (Antiphon the Sophist; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.29.2 (Dindorf 2:395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-29-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.29.3Dindorf 2:395
Θαλῆς καὶ οἶ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου φωτίζεσθαι τὴν σελήνην.
Thalēs kai oi apʼ autou hypo tou hēliou phōtizesthai tēn selēnēn.
Thales and his followers: that the moon is lit by the sun.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thales: the moon is lit by the sun.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.28.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.28 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.29.3 (Dindorf 2:395; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-29-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.29.4Dindorf 2:395–396
Ἡράκλειτος τὸ αὐτὸ πεπονθέναι τὸν ἥλιον καὶ τὴν σελήνην· σκαφοειδεῖς γὰρ ὄντας τοῖς σχήμασι τοὺς ἀστέρας, δεχομένους τε τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς ὑγρᾶς ἀναθυμιάσεως, φωτίζεσθαι πρὸς τὴν φαντασίαν· μὲν τὸν ἥλιον, ἐν καθαρωτέρῳ γὰρ ἀέρι φέρεσθαι, τὴν δὲ σελήνην ἐν θολερῷ, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀμαυροτέραν φαίνεσθαι.”
Hērakleitos to auto peponthenai ton hēlion kai tēn selēnēn; skaphoeideis gar ontas tois schēmasi tous asteras, dechomenous te ta apo tēs hygras anathymiaseōs, phōtizesthai pros tēn phantasian; men ton hēlion, en katharōterǭ gar aeri pheresthai, tēn de selēnēn en tholerǭ, dia touto kai amauroteran phainesthai.”
Heraclitus: that the sun and the moon are affected in the same way; for the stars, being boat-shaped in form and receiving the exhalations from the moist, are lit so as to appear; the sun more brightly, for it is carried in purer air, and the moon in turbid air, and for this reason it appears dimmer.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Heraclitus: sun and moon are bowls catching exhalations; the moon is dimmer in turbid air.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.28.6.
- “More brightly” supplies a word lost from the text.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated syllables and accent slip in the digital text): τῆς ὑγρὰς ἀναθυμιάσεως, θυμιάσεως, φωτίζεσθαι → τῆς ὑγρᾶς ἀναθυμιάσεως, φωτίζεσθαι.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.28 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.29.4 (Dindorf 2:395–396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-29-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 30
15.30.1Dindorf 2:396
“Τίς ἡ οὐσία τῶν πλανήτων ἄστρων καὶ ἀπλανῶν. Θαλῆς γεώδη μὲν, ἔμπυρα δὲ τὰ ἄστρα.
“Tis hē ousia tōn planētōn astrōn kai aplanōn. Thalēs geōdē men, empyra de ta astra.
“What is the substance of the planets and fixed stars. Thales: that the stars are earthy, but fiery.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thales: the stars are earthy and fiery.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.13.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Τίς ἡ οὐσία → “Τίς ἡ οὐσία.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.13 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.30.1 (Dindorf 2:396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-30-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.30.2Dindorf 2:396
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς πύρινα, ἐκ τοῦ πυρώδους, ὅπερ ὁ ἀὴρ ἐν ἑαυτῷ περιέχων ἐξανέθλιψε κατὰ τὴν πρώτην διάκρισιν.
Empedoklēs pyrina, ek tou pyrōdous, hoper ho aēr en heautǭ periechōn exanethlipse kata tēn prōtēn diakrisin.
Empedocles: fiery, from the fiery element which the air, holding it within itself, squeezed out at the first separation.
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles: the stars are fiery.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.13.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.13 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.30.2 (Dindorf 2:396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-30-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.30.3Dindorf 2:396
Ἀναξαγόρας τὸν περικείμενον ἀέρα πύρινον μὲν εἷναι κατὰ τὴν οὐσίαν, τῇ δʼ εὐτονίᾳ τῆς περιδινήσεως ἀναρπάσαντα πέτρους ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς καὶ καταφλέξαντα, τούτους ἠστερικέναι.
Anaxagoras ton perikeimenon aera pyrinon men heinai kata tēn ousian, tę̄ dʼ eutonią tēs peridinēseōs anarpasanta petrous apo tēs gēs kai kataphlexanta, toutous ēsterikenai.
Anaxagoras: that the surrounding air is fiery in substance, and that, by the force of its whirling, having snatched up stones from the earth and set them on fire, it made them stars.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaxagoras: the stars are stones snatched from the earth and set on fire.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.13.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.13 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.30.3 (Dindorf 2:396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-30-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.30.4Dindorf 2:396
Διογένης κισσηρώδη τὰ ἄστρα, διαπνοὰς αὐτὰ νομίζει τοῦ κόσμου. πάλιν δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς ἀφανεῖς μὲν λίθους, πίπτοντας δὲ πολλάκις ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν σβέννυσθαι, καθάπερ τὸν ἐν Αἰγὸς Ποταμοῖς πυροειδῶς κατενεχθέντα ἀστέρα πέτρινον.
Diogenēs kissērōdē ta astra, diapnoas auta nomizei tou kosmou. palin de ho autos aphaneis men lithous, piptontas de pollakis epi tēn gēn sbennysthai, kathaper ton en Aigos Potamois pyroeidōs katenechthenta astera petrinon.
Diogenes thinks the stars are like pumice, the breathing-holes of the world. Again the same says there are invisible stones, which often fall on the earth and are quenched, like the stony star that came down in fiery form at Aegospotami.
Notes and citation
Summary: Diogenes: the stars are pumice-like; meteorites fall to earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.13.5, 9.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text): Διογενὴς κισσηρώδη → Διογένης κισσηρώδη.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.13 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.30.4 (Dindorf 2:396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-30-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.30.5Dindorf 2:396
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς τοὺς μὲν ἀπλανεῖς ἀστέρας συνδεδέσθαι τῷ κρυστάλλῳ, τοὺς δὲ πλανήτας ἀνεῖσθαι.
Empedoklēs tous men aplaneis asteras syndedesthai tǭ krystallǭ, tous de planētas aneisthai.
Empedocles: that the fixed stars are bound to the crystal, while the planets are free.
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles: fixed stars are attached to the crystal sphere.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.13.11.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.13 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.30.5 (Dindorf 2:396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-30-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.30.6Dindorf 2:396
Πλάτων ἐκ μὲν τοῦ πλείστου μέρους πυρίνους, μετέχοντας δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων, κόλλης δίκην.
Platōn ek men tou pleistou merous pyrinous, metechontas de kai tōn allōn, kollēs dikēn.
Plato: for the most part fiery, but sharing also in the others, like glue.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato: the stars are mostly fire.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.13.12.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text; stray mark in the digital text): ἐκ μὲν τοὐ πλείστου → ἐκ μὲν τοῦ πλείστου; Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.13 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.30.6 (Dindorf 2:396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-30-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.30.7Dindorf 2:396
Ξενοφάνης ἐκ νεφῶν μὲν πεπυρωμένων, σβεννυμένους δὲ καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἀναζωπυρεῖν νύκτωρ, καθάπερ τοὺς ἄνθρακας· τὰς γὰρ ἀνατολὰς καὶ τὰς δύσεις ἐξάψεις εἶναι καὶ σβέσεις.
Xenophanēs ek nephōn men pepyrōmenōn, sbennymenous de kathʼ hekastēn hēmeran anazōpyrein nyktōr, kathaper tous anthrakas; tas gar anatolas kai tas dyseis exapseis einai kai sbeseis.
Xenophanes: from clouds set on fire, which are quenched each day and rekindled by night, like coals; for their risings and settings are kindlings and quenchings.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xenophanes: stars are burning clouds rekindled each night.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.13.14.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.13 (Plutarch; quotation); Xenophanes (Xenophanes (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.30.7 (Dindorf 2:396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-30-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.30.8Dindorf 2:396
Ἡρακλείδης δὲ καὶ οἶ Πυθαγόρειοι ἕκαστον τῶν ἀστέρων κόσμον ὑπάρχειν, γῆν περιέχοντα ἀέρα τε καὶ] αἰθέρα ἐν τῷ ἀπείρῳ. ταῦτα τὰ δόγματα ἐν τοῖς Ὀρφικοῖς ἐμφέρεται· κοσμοποιοῦσι γὰρ τῶν ἀστέρων.
Hērakleidēs de kai oi Pythagoreioi hekaston tōn asterōn kosmon hyparchein, gēn periechonta aera te kai] aithera en tǭ apeirǭ. tauta ta dogmata en tois Orphikois empheretai; kosmopoiousi gar tōn asterōn.
Heraclides and the Pythagoreans: that each of the stars is a world, containing earth and air and ether in the infinite. These doctrines are carried in the Orphic poems; for they make a world of each of the stars.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heraclides and the Pythagoreans: each star is a world.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.13.15.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.13 (Plutarch; quotation); Orpheus (attributed), Orph. frag. (Orpheus (attributed), Orphic poems (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.30.8 (Dindorf 2:396; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-30-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.30.9Dindorf 2:396–397
Ἐπίκουρος οὐδὲν ἀπογινώσκει τούτων, ἐχόμενος τοῦ ἐνδεχομένου.”
Epikouros ouden apoginōskei toutōn, echomenos tou endechomenou.”
Epicurus rejects none of these, holding to what is possible.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Epicurus allows all these as possible.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.13.16.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.13 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.30.9 (Dindorf 2:396–397; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-30-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 31
15.31.1Dindorf 2:397
“Περὶ σχήματος ἀστέρων. Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ σφαιρικοὺς τοὺς ἀστέρας, καθάπερ τὸν κόσμον καὶ ἥλιον καὶ σελήνην.
“Peri schēmatos asterōn. Hoi Stōïkoi sphairikous tous asteras, kathaper ton kosmon kai hēlion kai selēnēn.
“On the shape of the stars. The Stoics: that the stars are spherical, like the world and the sun and moon.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: the stars are spherical.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.14.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.14 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.31.1 (Dindorf 2:397; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-31-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.31.2Dindorf 2:397
Κλεάνθης κωνοειδεῖς.
Kleanthēs kōnoeideis.
Cleanthes: cone-shaped.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cleanthes: the stars are cone-shaped.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.14.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.14 (Plutarch; quotation); Cleanthes (Cleanthes (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.31.2 (Dindorf 2:397; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-31-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.31.3Dindorf 2:397
Ἀναξιμένης ἥλων δίκην καταπεπηγμένων τῷ κρυσταλλοειδεῖ. ἔνιοι δὲ πέταλα πύρινα εἶναι, ὥσπερ κρυσταλλοειδεῖ.” Τοιαῦτα τοῖς θαυμαστοῖς φιλοσόφοις τὰ περὶ ὧν φασι φαινομένων θεῶν ἐξευρήματα. οἷα δὲ καὶ περὶ τοῦ παντὸς διειλήφασιν ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς μάνθανε τοῦ Πλουτάρχου φωνῆς
Anaximenēs hēlōn dikēn katapepēgmenōn tǭ krystalloeidei. enioi de petala pyrina einai, hōsper krystalloeidei.” Toiauta tois thaumastois philosophois ta peri hōn phasi phainomenōn theōn exeurēmata. hoia de kai peri tou pantos dieilēphasin ek tēs autēs manthane tou Ploutarchou phōnēs
Anaximenes: like nails fixed into the crystalline sphere. Some say they are fiery leaves, like paintings.” Such are the discoveries of the wonderful philosophers about those whom they call visible gods. And what they have decided about the universe learn from the same words of Plutarch:
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximenes and others on the stars; Eusebius turns to cosmogony.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.14.3–4. “Like paintings” follows Plutarch (ζωγραφήματα); the digital text repeats “crystalline.”
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (quotation mark lost in the digital text): ὥσπερ κρυσταλλοειδεῖ. Τοιαῦτα → ὥσπερ κρυσταλλοειδεῖ.” Τοιαῦτα.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.14 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.31.3 (Dindorf 2:397; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-31-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 32
15.32.1Dindorf 2:397
“Πῶς συνέστη ὁ κόσμος. ὁ τοίνυν κόσμος περικεκλασμένῳ σχήματι ἐσχημάτισται τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον. τῶν ἀτόμων σωμάτων ἀπρονόητον καὶ τυχαίαν ἐχόντων τὴν κίνησιν συνεχῶς τε καὶ τάχιστα κινουμένων, εἰς ταὐτὸ πολλὰ σώματα συνηθροίσθη, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ποικιλίαν ἔχοντα σχημάτων καὶ μεγεθῶν.
“Pōs synestē ho kosmos. ho toinyn kosmos perikeklasmenǭ schēmati eschēmatistai ton tropon touton. tōn atomōn sōmatōn apronoēton kai tychaian echontōn tēn kinēsin synechōs te kai tachista kinoumenōn, eis tauto polla sōmata synēthroisthē, kai dia touto poikilian echonta schēmatōn kai megethōn.
“How the world was constituted. The world, then, was shaped in a rounded form in this way. The atomic bodies, having an unforeseeing and chance motion, moving continually and very swiftly, many bodies gathered into the same place, and for this reason having a variety of shapes and sizes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plutarch: the atomists’ account of how the world was formed.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.4.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text; stray mark in the digital text; wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Πῶς συνέστη → “Πῶς συνέστη; ἐσχημάτισται ’τον τρόπον → ἐσχημάτισται τὸν τρόπον; σωματων → σωμάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.32.1 (Dindorf 2:397; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-32-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.32.2Dindorf 2:397
ἀθροιζομένων δὲ ἐν ταυτῷ τούτων, τὰ μὲν ὅσα μείζονα ἦν καὶ βαρύτατα πάντων ὑπεκάθιζεν, ὅσα δὲ μικρὰ καὶ περιφερῆ καὶ λεῖα καὶ εὐολίσθητα, ταῦτα ἐξεθλίβετο κατὰ τὴν σύνοδον τῶν σωμάτων, εἴς τε τὸ μετέωρον ἀνεφέρετο.
athroizomenōn de en tautǭ toutōn, ta men hosa meizona ēn kai barytata pantōn hypekathizen, hosa de mikra kai peripherē kai leia kai euolisthēta, tauta exethlibeto kata tēn synodon tōn sōmatōn, eis te to meteōron anephereto.
As these gathered in the same place, those that were larger and heaviest of all settled below, while those that were small and round and smooth and slippery were squeezed out in the meeting of the bodies and carried up aloft.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heavy atoms settled, light ones rose.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.4.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.32.2 (Dindorf 2:397; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-32-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.32.3Dindorf 2:397
ὡς οὖν ἐξέλιπε μὲν ἡ πληκτικὴ δύναμις μετεωρίζουσα, οὐκέτι δὲ ἦγεν ἡ πληγὴ πρὸς τὸ μετέωρον, ἐκωλύετο δὲ ταῦτα φέρεσθαι κάτω, ἐπιέζετο πρὸς τοὺς τόπους τοὺς δυναμένους δέξασθαι. οὗτοι δὲ ἦσαν οἱ πέριξ.
hōs oun exelipe men hē plēktikē dynamis meteōrizousa, ouketi de ēgen hē plēgē pros to meteōron, ekōlyeto de tauta pheresthai katō, epiezeto pros tous topous tous dynamenous dexasthai. houtoi de ēsan hoi perix.
When, then, the striking force that lifted them failed, and the blow no longer carried them aloft, and they were prevented from being carried down, they were pressed toward the places able to receive them. These were the ones around.
Notes and citation
Summary: The light atoms were pressed to the outer regions.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.4.3.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): πρὸς τὸ νετεωρον → πρὸς τὸ μετέωρον.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.32.3 (Dindorf 2:397; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-32-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.32.4Dindorf 2:397–398
καὶ πρὸς τούτους τὸ πλῆθος τῶν σωμάτων περιεκλᾶτο· περιπλεκόμενα δὲ ἀλλήλοις κατὰ τὴν περίκλασιν τὸν οὐρανὸν ἐγέννησε. τῆς δʼ αὐτῆς ἐχόμεναι φύσεως αἶ ἄτομοι, ποικίλαι οὖσαι, καθὼς εἴρηται, πρὸς τὸ μετέωρον ἐξωθούμεναι, τὴν τῶν ἄστρων φύσιν ἀπετέλουν.
kai pros toutous to plēthos tōn sōmatōn perieklato; periplekomena de allēlois kata tēn periklasin ton ouranon egennēse. tēs dʼ autēs echomenai physeōs ai atomoi, poikilai ousai, kathōs eirētai, pros to meteōron exōthoumenai, tēn tōn astrōn physin apeteloun.
And the multitude of bodies was bent round toward these; and, being interwoven with one another in the bending round, they produced the heaven. And the atoms holding to the same nature, being various, as has been said, being pushed out aloft, produced the nature of the stars.
Notes and citation
Summary: The heavens and stars were formed from the outer atoms.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.4.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.32.4 (Dindorf 2:397–398; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-32-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.32.5Dindorf 2:398
τὸ δὲ πλῆθος τῶν ἀναθυμιωμένων σωμάτων ἐπέπληττε τὸν ἀέρα καὶ τοῦτον ἐξέθλιβε. πνευματούμενος δὲ οὗτος κατὰ τὴν κίνησιν καὶ περιλαμβάνων τὰ ἄστρα συμπεριῆγεν αὐτὰ, καὶ τὴν νῦν περιφορὰν αὐτῶν μετέωρον ἐφύλαττε. κἄπειτα ἐκ μὲν τῶν ὑποκαθιζόντων ἐγενήθη ἡ γῆ, ἐκ δὲ τῶν μετεωριζομένων ὁ οὐρανὸς, πῦρ, ἀήρ.
to de plēthos tōn anathymiōmenōn sōmatōn epeplētte ton aera kai touton exethlibe. pneumatoumenos de houtos kata tēn kinēsin kai perilambanōn ta astra symperiēgen auta, kai tēn nyn periphoran autōn meteōron ephylatte. kapeita ek men tōn hypokathizontōn egenēthē hē gē, ek de tōn meteōrizomenōn ho ouranos, pyr, aēr.
And the multitude of the bodies exhaled struck the air and squeezed it out. This, becoming wind through the motion and taking hold of the stars, carried them round with it and kept their present revolution aloft. And then from those that settled below the earth came to be, and from those lifted aloft the heaven, fire, air.
Notes and citation
Summary: Air carried the stars round; earth formed below and heaven above.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.4.4–5.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.32.5 (Dindorf 2:398; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-32-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.32.6Dindorf 2:398
πολλῆς δὲ ὕλης ἔτι περιειλημμένης ἐν τῇ γῇ, πυκνουμένης δὲ ταύτης κατὰ τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν πνευμάτων πληγὰς καὶ τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀστέρων αὔρας, προσεθλίβετο πᾶς ὁ μικρομερὴς σχηματισμὸς ταύτης καὶ τὴν ὑγρὰν φύσιν ἐγέννα.
pollēs de hylēs eti perieilēmmenēs en tę̄ gę̄, pyknoumenēs de tautēs kata tas apo tōn pneumatōn plēgas kai tas apo tōn asterōn auras, prosethlibeto pas ho mikromerēs schēmatismos tautēs kai tēn hygran physin egenna.
And much matter still being held in the earth, and this being condensed by the blows of the winds and the breezes from the stars, all its fine-grained formation was squeezed out and produced the moist nature.
Notes and citation
Summary: Water was squeezed out of the earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.4.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.32.6 (Dindorf 2:398; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-32-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.32.7Dindorf 2:398
ῥευστικῶς δʼ αὕτη διακειμένη κατεφέρετο πρὸς τοὺς κοίλους τόπους καὶ δυναμένους χωρῆσαί τε καὶ στέξαι· ἢ καθʼ ἑαυτὸ τὸ ὕδωρ ὑποστὰν ἐκοίλαινε τοὺς ὑποκειμένους τόπους.”
rheustikōs dʼ hautē diakeimenē katephereto pros tous koilous topous kai dynamenous chōrēsai te kai stexai; ē kathʼ heauto to hydōr hypostan ekoilaine tous hypokeimenous topous.”
And this, being in a flowing state, was carried down to the hollow places able to hold and contain it; or the water, settling by itself, hollowed out the places beneath.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Water gathered in the hollows of the earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.4.5.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line-end hyphen left in the digital text): δια- κειμένη → διακειμένη.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.32.7 (Dindorf 2:398; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-32-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.32.8Dindorf 2:398–399
Τοιαύτη καὶ ἡ θαυμάσιος αὐτῶν κοσμογονία. συνῆπται δὲ τούτοις ἄλλη τις πλείστη λογομαχία, παντοίων πέρι προτάσεων ἀπορησάντων εἰ χρὴ τὸ πᾶν ἓν ἢ πολλὰ ἡγεῖσθαι· καὶ εἰ ἕνα τὸν κόσμον ἢ πλείους καὶ εἴτε ἔμψυχος οὗτος καὶ προνοίᾳ τυγχάνει θεοῦ διοικούμενος, εἴτε καὶ τἀναντία· καὶ εἰ ἄφθαρτος ἢ φθαρτός· καὶ πόθεν τρέφεται· καὶ ἀπὸ ποίου ἤρξατο ὁ θεὸς κοσμοποιεῖν· περί τε τῆς τάξεως τοῦ κόσμου· καὶ τίς ἡ αἰτία τοῦ αὐτὸν ἐγκλιθῆναι· περί τε τοῦ ἐκτὸς τῆς τοῦ κόσμου περιφερείας· καὶ τίνα τὰ δεξιὰ καὶ τὰ ἀριστερὰ τοῦ κόσμου μέρη· περί τε οὐρανοῦ· καὶ πρὸς ἅπασι τούτοις περί τε δαιμόνων καὶ ἡρώων· περί τε ὕλης καὶ περὶ ἰδεῶν· περὶ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς τάξεως· ἔτι μὴν περὶ τῆς τῶν ἄστρων φορᾶς τε καὶ κινήσεως· καὶ πρὸς τούτοις ὁπόθεν φωτίζονται οἱ ἀστέρες· καὶ περὶ τῶν καλουμένων Διοσκούρων· περί τε ἐκλείψεως ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης· καὶ περὶ ἐμφάσεως αὐτῆς· καὶ διὰ τί γεώδης φαίνεται· καὶ περὶ τῶν ἀποστημάτων αὐτῆς· καὶ ἔτι περὶ ἐνιαυτῶν.
Toiautē kai hē thaumasios autōn kosmogonia. synēptai de toutois allē tis pleistē logomachia, pantoiōn peri protaseōn aporēsantōn ei chrē to pan hen ē polla hēgeisthai; kai ei hena ton kosmon ē pleious kai eite empsychos houtos kai pronoią tynchanei theou dioikoumenos, eite kai tanantia; kai ei aphthartos ē phthartos; kai pothen trephetai; kai apo poiou ērxato ho theos kosmopoiein; peri te tēs taxeōs tou kosmou; kai tis hē aitia tou auton enklithēnai; peri te tou ektos tēs tou kosmou periphereias; kai tina ta dexia kai ta aristera tou kosmou merē; peri te ouranou; kai pros hapasi toutois peri te daimonōn kai hērōōn; peri te hylēs kai peri ideōn; peri tēs tou pantos taxeōs; eti mēn peri tēs tōn astrōn phoras te kai kinēseōs; kai pros toutois hopothen phōtizontai hoi asteres; kai peri tōn kaloumenōn Dioskourōn; peri te ekleipseōs hēliou kai selēnēs; kai peri emphaseōs autēs; kai dia ti geōdēs phainetai; kai peri tōn apostēmatōn autēs; kai eti peri eniautōn.
Such is their wonderful cosmogony too. And joined to these is much other wrangling over words, as they raised questions about all kinds of propositions: whether one should think the universe one or many; whether the world is one or more; whether it is ensouled and governed by God’s providence, or the opposite; whether imperishable or perishable; from where it is nourished; from what God began to make the world; about the order of the world; what is the cause of its inclination; about what is outside the circumference of the world; which are the right and left parts of the world; about heaven; and besides all these about daimones and heroes; about matter and about ideas; about the order of the universe; further about the course and motion of the stars; and besides these from where the stars are lit; and about the so-called Dioscuri; about eclipses of sun and moon; and about its appearance; and why it appears earthy; and about its distances; and further about years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Eusebius lists the many questions on which the philosophers wrangled.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text; breathing slip and stray mark in the digital text; line-end hyphen left in the digital text; stray marks and broken word in the digital text; stray marks in the digital text): τὸ πᾶν ἕν ἢ πολλὰ ἡγεῖσθαι ’ καὶ → τὸ πᾶν ἓν ἢ πολλὰ ἡγεῖσθαι· καὶ; τὸν κόσμον ἣ πλείους → τὸν κόσμον ἢ πλείους; τἀναντία ’ καὶ εἰ ἄφθαρ- τος ἢ φθαρτός ’ καὶ πόθεν τρέφεται ’ καὶ → τἀναντία· καὶ εἰ ἄφθαρτος ἢ φθαρτός· καὶ πόθεν τρέφεται· καὶ; τοῦ κόσμου μέρη ’ περί τε οὐρανοῦ ’ καὶ → τοῦ κόσμου μέρη· περί τε οὐρανοῦ· καὶ; δαιμόνων καὶ ἡρώων ’ περί τε ὕλης καὶ περὶ ἰδεῶν ’ περὶ → δαιμόνων καὶ ἡρώων· περί τε ὕλης καὶ περὶ ἰδεῶν· περὶ; παν- τοίων → παντοίων.
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.32.8 (Dindorf 2:398–399; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-32-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.32.9Dindorf 2:399
ταῦτα δὲ πάντα διὰ μυρίων τοῖς περὶ ὧν ὁ λόγος κατεσκευασμένα ἐπειδὴ τεμὼν ὁ Πλούταρχος ἐν ὀλίγοις συνεῖλεν, ἐπὶ ταὐτὸν ὁμοῦ συναγαγὼν ἀποφάσεις καὶ τὰς διαφωνίας αὐτῶν, ἡγοῦμαι καὶ ἡμῖν οὐκ ἄχρηστα γενήσεσθαι αὐτὰ παρατεθέντα εἰς τὴν εὔλογον αὐτῶν παραίτησιν. ὅτε γὰρ αὐτοὶ πρὸς σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐναντίοι κατὰ διάμετρον ἔστησαν, μάχας τε καὶ πολέμους, πλέον δʼ οὐδὲν καθʼ ἑαυτῶν ἐξῆψαν, τὰ τῶν πέλας ἕκαστοι φιλοτιμίᾳ λόγων ἀπελέγξαντες, πῶς οὐκ ἂν εἰκότως ἡμῖν ἀσφαλῆ τὴν περὶ τούτων ἐποχὴν γεγονέναι πᾶς ὁστισοῦν ὁμολογήσειε;
tauta de panta dia myriōn tois peri hōn ho logos kateskeuasmena epeidē temōn ho Ploutarchos en oligois syneilen, epi tauton homou synagagōn apophaseis kai tas diaphōnias autōn, hēgoumai kai hēmin ouk achrēsta genēsesthai auta paratethenta eis tēn eulogon autōn paraitēsin. hote gar autoi pros sphas autous enantioi kata diametron estēsan, machas te kai polemous, pleon dʼ ouden kathʼ heautōn exēpsan, ta tōn pelas hekastoi philotimią logōn apelenxantes, pōs ouk an eikotōs hēmin asphalē tēn peri toutōn epochēn gegonenai pas hostisoun homologēseie?
Since Plutarch, cutting short all these, which had been elaborated in countless ways by those concerned, gathered them in a few words, bringing together their declarations and their disagreements, I think they will be not without use for us too, set out for a reasonable refusal of them. For since they themselves stood diametrically opposed to one another, and kindled battles and wars, and nothing more, against themselves, each refuting his neighbors’ views out of rivalry in argument, how would not anyone at all admit that it has reasonably become a safe course for us to suspend judgment about these things?
Notes and citation
Summary: The philosophers’ contradictions justify Christians in suspending judgment on such questions.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text): πρὸς σφάς αὐτοὺς → πρὸς σφᾶς αὐτοὺς.
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.32.9 (Dindorf 2:399; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-32-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.32.10Dindorf 2:399
προσθήσω δὲ ἑξῆς τοῖς εἰρημένοις ὅσα καὶ περὶ τῶν προσγειοτέρων ἐπηπόρησαν· περὶ γῆς σχήματος, καὶ περὶ θέσεως καὶ ἐγκλίσεως αὐτῆς· καὶ ἔτι περὶ θαλάσσης· ὡς ἂν εἰδείης ὅτι μὴ περὶ μόνων τῶν μετεώρων καὶ μεταρσίων οἶ γενναῖοι διέστησαν, ἀλλʼ ὅτι καὶ ἐν τοῖς περιγείοις διαπεφωνήκασιν. ἵνα δὲ τῶν σοφῶν ἔτι μᾶλλον τὴν σοφίαν ἀποθαυμάσῃς, προσθήσω καὶ ὅσα περὶ ψυχῆς καὶ τοῦ ἐν αὐτῇ ἡγεμονικοῦ διεμαχήσαντο, οὐδὲ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐπιγνῶναι οἵας εἶεν φύσεως δεδυνημένοι. ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἀνίωμεν ἐπὶ τὰ πρῶτα τῶν εἰρημένων.
prosthēsō de hexēs tois eirēmenois hosa kai peri tōn prosgeioterōn epēporēsan; peri gēs schēmatos, kai peri theseōs kai enkliseōs autēs; kai eti peri thalassēs; hōs an eideiēs hoti mē peri monōn tōn meteōrōn kai metarsiōn oi gennaioi diestēsan, allʼ hoti kai en tois perigeiois diapephōnēkasin. hina de tōn sophōn eti mallon tēn sophian apothaumasę̄s, prosthēsō kai hosa peri psychēs kai tou en autę̄ hēgemonikou diemachēsanto, oude sphas autous epignōnai hoias eien physeōs dedynēmenoi. alla gar aniōmen epi ta prōta tōn eirēmenōn.
I shall add next to what has been said all that they raised about things nearer the earth: about the shape of the earth, and its position and inclination; and further about the sea; so that you may know that the noble gentlemen disagreed not only about lofty and celestial things, but also differed about things around the earth. And so that you may admire the wisdom of the wise still more, I shall add also what they fought over concerning the soul and its ruling part, unable even to know what nature they themselves were of. But let us go back to the first of the things mentioned.
Notes and citation
Summary: Eusebius will add the philosophers’ disputes on earth, sea, and soul.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): ἴνα δὲ τῶν σοφῶν → ἵνα δὲ τῶν σοφῶν.
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.32.10 (Dindorf 2:399; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-32-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
Preparation 15, chapter 33
15.33.1Dindorf 2:399–400
“Εἰ ἓν τὸ πᾶν. Οἱ μὲν οὖν ἀπὸ τῆς Στοᾶς ἕνα κόσμον ἀπεφήναντο, ὃν δὴ καὶ τὸ πᾶν ἔφασαν εἶναι καὶ τὰ σωματικά.
“Ei hen to pan. Hoi men oun apo tēs Stoas hena kosmon apephēnanto, hon dē kai to pan ephasan einai kai ta sōmatika.
“Whether the universe is one. Those from the Stoa declared one world, which they also said is the universe and bodily things.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: there is one world, which is the universe.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.1.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slips, wrong mark, and line-end hyphens in the digital text): ‟Εἰ ἔν τὸ πάν. Οἱ μὲν οὑν ἀπὸ τῆς Στοὰς ἕνα κόσμον ἀπεφή- ναντο, ὃν δὴ καὶ τὸ πὰν ἔφασαν εἷναι καὶ τὰ σωμα- τικά → “Εἰ ἓν τὸ πᾶν. Οἱ μὲν οὖν ἀπὸ τῆς Στοᾶς ἕνα κόσμον ἀπεφήναντο, ὃν δὴ καὶ τὸ πᾶν ἔφασαν εἶναι καὶ τὰ σωματικά.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.1 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.33.1 (Dindorf 2:399–400; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-33-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.33.2Dindorf 2:400
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς δὲ κόσμον ἕνα, οὐ μέντοι τὸ πᾶν εἶναι τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλʼ ὀλίγον τι τοῦ παντὸς μέρος, τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν ἀργὴν ὕλην.
Empedoklēs de kosmon hena, ou mentoi to pan einai ton kosmon, allʼ oligon ti tou pantos meros, to de loipon argēn hylēn.
Empedocles: one world, but that the world is not the universe, but a small part of the universe, and the rest idle matter.
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles: the world is a small part of the universe.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.1.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): κόσμον ἴνα → κόσμον ἕνα.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.1 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.33.2 (Dindorf 2:400; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-33-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.33.3Dindorf 2:400
Πλάτων δὲ τεκμαίρεται τὸ δοκοῦν, ὅτι εἷς ὁ κόσμος καὶ ἓν τὸ πᾶν ἐκ τριῶν· ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ἔσεσθαι τέλειον, ἐὰν μὴ πάντα ἐμπεριέχῃ· ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ἔσεσθαι ὅμοιον τῷ παραδείγματι, ἐὰν μὴ μονογενὴς ᾖ· ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ἔσεσθαι ἄφθαρτον, ἐάν τι ἐξωτέρω αὐτοῦ ᾗ.
Platōn de tekmairetai to dokoun, hoti heis ho kosmos kai hen to pan ek triōn; ek tou mē esesthai teleion, ean mē panta emperiechę̄; ek tou mē esesthai homoion tǭ paradeigmati, ean mē monogenēs ę̄; ek tou mē esesthai aphtharton, ean ti exōterō autou hę̄.
Plato infers his view, that the world is one and the universe one, from three things: from its not being complete unless it contains everything; from its not being like the pattern unless it is only-begotten; from its not being imperishable if anything is outside it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato’s three arguments that the world is one.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.1.3; compare Plato, Timaeus 31a–b, 32c–33a.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text; stray mark in the digital text): ἓν τὸ πὰν ἐκ → ἓν τὸ πᾶν ἐκ; Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.1 (Plutarch; quotation); Plato, Tim. 31a–b (Plato (works); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.33.3 (Dindorf 2:400; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-33-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.33.4Dindorf 2:400
πρὸς δὲ τὸν Πλάτωνα λεκτέον ὅτι οὐ τέλειος ὁ κόσμος, οὐδὲ γὰρ τὰ πάντα περιέχει· καὶ γὰρ ὁ ἄνθρωπός ἐστι τέλειος, ἀλλʼ οὐ πάντα περιέχει· καὶ πολλὰ παραδείγματά ἐστιν, ὥσπερ ἐπʼ ἀνδριάντων καὶ οἰκιῶν καὶ ζωγραφιῶν· πῶς δὲ τέλειος, εἴπερ τι αὐτοῦ περιδινεῖσθαι δύναται; ἄφθαρτος δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐδὲ δύναται εἶναι, γεννητὸς ὤν.
pros de ton Platōna lekteon hoti ou teleios ho kosmos, oude gar ta panta periechei; kai gar ho anthrōpos esti teleios, allʼ ou panta periechei; kai polla paradeigmata estin, hōsper epʼ andriantōn kai oikiōn kai zōgraphiōn; pōs de teleios, eiper ti autou peridineisthai dynatai? aphthartos de ouk estin, oude dynatai einai, gennētos ōn.
Against Plato it must be said that the world is not complete, for it does not contain everything; for man too is complete, but does not contain everything; and there are many patterns, as with statues and houses and paintings. And how is it complete, if something can revolve round it? And it is not imperishable, nor can it be, being generated.
Notes and citation
Summary: An objection to Plato’s arguments (from an unnamed critic).
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.1.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.1 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.33.4 (Dindorf 2:400; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-33-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.33.5Dindorf 2:400
Μητρόδωρος δέ φησιν ἄτοπον εἶναι ἐν μεγάλῳ πεδίῳ ἔνα στάχυν γεννηθῆναι καὶ ἕνα κόσμον ἐν τῷ ἀπείρῳ. ὅτι δὲ ἄπειρος κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ ἄπειρα τὰ αἴτια εἶναι. εἰ γὰρ ὁ μὲν κόσμος πεπερασμένος, τὰ δὲ αἴτια πάντα ἄπειρα, ἐξ ὧν ὁ κόσμος γέγονεν, ] ἀνάγκη ἀπείρους εἶναι. ὅπου γὰρ τὰ πάντα γέγονεν αἴτια, ἐκεῖ καὶ ἀποτελέσματα. αἴτια δὲ ἤτοι αἶ ἄτομοι, ἢ τὰ στοιχεῖα.”
Mētrodōros de phēsin atopon einai en megalǭ pediǭ ena stachyn gennēthēnai kai hena kosmon en tǭ apeirǭ. hoti de apeiros kata to plēthos dēlon ek tou apeira ta aitia einai. ei gar ho men kosmos peperasmenos, ta de aitia panta apeira, ex hōn ho kosmos gegonen, ] anankē apeirous einai. hopou gar ta panta gegonen aitia, ekei kai apotelesmata. aitia de ētoi ai atomoi, ē ta stoicheia.”
Metrodorus says it is absurd for one ear of grain to be produced in a great plain, and one world in the infinite. And that they are infinite in number is clear from the causes being infinite. For if the world is limited, while all the causes from which the world came to be are infinite, the worlds must be infinite. For where all the causes have come together, there are the effects too. And the causes are either the atoms or the elements.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Metrodorus: infinite causes produce infinite worlds.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.5.4; Metrodorus of Chios, fragment A 6.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): καὶ ἴνα κόσμον → καὶ ἕνα κόσμον.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.33.5 (Dindorf 2:400; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-33-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
Preparation 15, chapter 34
15.34.1Dindorf 2:400
“Εἰ ἔμψυχος ὁ κόσμος καὶ προνοίᾳ διοικούμενος. [Οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι πάντες ἔμψυχον καὶ διοικούμενον.]
“Ei empsychos ho kosmos kai pronoią dioikoumenos. [Hoi men alloi pantes empsychon kai dioikoumenon.]
“Whether the world is ensouled and governed by providence.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heading: whether the world is ensouled and governed by providence.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.3. The editor deletes the following words: “All the others: that it is ensouled and governed.”
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Εἰ ἔμψυχος → “Εἰ ἔμψυχος.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.3 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.34.1 (Dindorf 2:400; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-34-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.34.2Dindorf 2:400–401
Δημόκριτος δὲ] καὶ Ἐπίκουρος, καὶ ἄτομα εἰσηγοῦνται καὶ τὸ κενὸν, οὔτʼ ἔμψυχον οὔτε προνοίᾳ διοικεῖσθαι, φύσει δέ τινι ἀλόγῳ.
Dēmokritos de] kai Epikouros, kai atoma eisēgountai kai to kenon, outʼ empsychon oute pronoią dioikeisthai, physei de tini alogǭ.
Democritus and Epicurus, who introduce atoms and the void: that it is neither ensouled nor governed by providence, but by an irrational nature.
Notes and citation
Summary: Democritus and Epicurus: the world is soulless and governed by irrational nature.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.3.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.3 (Plutarch; quotation); Epicurus (Epicurus (sayings and fragments); allusion); Democritus (Democritus (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.34.2 (Dindorf 2:400–401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-34-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.34.3Dindorf 2:401
Ἀριστοτέλης οὔτʼ ἔμψυχον ὅλον διʼ ὅλων, οὔτε μὴν αἰσθητικὸν, ] οὔτε λογικὸν, οὔτε νοερὸν, οὔτε προνοίᾳ διοικούμενον. τὰ μὲν γὰρ οὐράνια τούτων πάντων κοινωνεῖν—σφαίρας γὰρ περιέχειν ἐμψύχους καὶ ζωτικάς—τὰ δὲ περίγεια μηδενὸς αὐτῶν· τῆς δʼ εὐταξίας κατὰ συμβεβηκὸς, οὐ προηγουμένως μετέχειν.
Aristotelēs outʼ empsychon holon diʼ holōn, oute mēn aisthētikon, ] oute logikon, oute noeron, oute pronoią dioikoumenon. ta men gar ourania toutōn pantōn koinōnein—sphairas gar periechein empsychous kai zōtikas—ta de perigeia mēdenos autōn; tēs dʼ eutaxias kata symbebēkos, ou proēgoumenōs metechein.
Aristotle: that it is neither ensouled through and through, nor perceptive, nor rational, nor intellectual, nor governed by providence. For the heavenly things share in all these, since they contain ensouled and living spheres; but the things around the earth in none of them; and they share in good order by accident, not primarily.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aristotle: providence governs the heavens, not the sublunary world.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.3.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.3 (Plutarch; quotation); Aristotle (Aristotle (works); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.34.3 (Dindorf 2:401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-34-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
Preparation 15, chapter 35
15.35.1Dindorf 2:401
“Εἰ ἄφθαρτος ὁ κόσμος. Πυθαγόρας τε καὶ Πλάτων καὶ οἶ Στωϊκοὶ γεννητὸν ὑπὸ θεοῦ τὸν κόσμον· καὶ φθαρτὸν μὲν, ὅσον ἐπὶ τῇ φύσει — αἰσθητὸν γὰρ εἶναι, διότι σωματικόν — οὐ μὴν φθαρησόμενόν γε, προνοίᾳ καὶ συνοχῇ θεοῦ.
“Ei aphthartos ho kosmos. Pythagoras te kai Platōn kai oi Stōïkoi gennēton hypo theou ton kosmon; kai phtharton men, hoson epi tę̄ physei — aisthēton gar einai, dioti sōmatikon — ou mēn phtharēsomenon ge, pronoią kai synochę̄ theou.
“Whether the world is imperishable. Pythagoras and Plato and the Stoics: that the world was generated by God; and perishable, as far as its nature goes (for it is perceptible, because bodily), but not going to perish, by the providence and sustaining power of God.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pythagoras, Plato, and the Stoics: the world was made by God and is preserved by his providence.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.4.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (words run together in the digital text; wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Εἰ ἄφθαρτος → “Εἰ ἄφθαρτος; γεννητὸνὑπὸ → γεννητὸν ὑπὸ.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.35.1 (Dindorf 2:401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-35-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.35.2Dindorf 2:401
Ἐπίκουρος φθαρτὸν, ὅτι γεννητὸν, ὡς ζῷον, ὡς φυτὸν.
Epikouros phtharton, hoti gennēton, hōs zǭon, hōs phyton.
Epicurus: perishable, because generated, like an animal, like a plant.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epicurus: the world is perishable.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.4.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.35.2 (Dindorf 2:401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-35-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.35.3Dindorf 2:401
Ξενοφάνης ἀγέννητον καὶ ἀίδιον καὶ ἄφθαρτον κόσμον.
Xenophanēs agennēton kai aidion kai aphtharton kosmon.
Xenophanes: the world is ungenerated and everlasting and imperishable.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xenophanes: the world is ungenerated and eternal.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.4.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.4 (Plutarch; quotation); Xenophanes (Xenophanes (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.35.3 (Dindorf 2:401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-35-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.35.4Dindorf 2:401
Ἀριστοτέλης τὸ ὑπὸ τὴν σελήνην τοῦ κόσμου μέρος παθητὸν, ἐν ᾧ καὶ τὰ περίγεια κηραίνεται.”
Aristotelēs to hypo tēn selēnēn tou kosmou meros pathēton, en hǭ kai ta perigeia kērainetai.”
Aristotle: the part of the world below the moon is subject to affection, in which the things about the earth also die away.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Aristotle: the sublunary world is subject to change and decay.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.4.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.35.4 (Dindorf 2:401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-35-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
Preparation 15, chapter 36
15.36.1Dindorf 2:401
“Πόθεν τρέφεται ὁ κόσμος. Ἀριστοτέλης, εἰ τρέφεται ὁ κόσμος, καὶ φθαρήσεται· ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδεμιᾶς ἐπιδέεται τροφῆς· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀίδιος.
“Pothen trephetai ho kosmos. Aristotelēs, ei trephetai ho kosmos, kai phtharēsetai; alla mēn oudemias epideetai trophēs; dia touto kai aidios.
“From where the world is nourished. Aristotle: if the world is nourished, it will also perish; but it needs no food; for this reason it is also everlasting.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aristotle: the world needs no nourishment and is eternal.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.5.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Πόθεν τρέφεται → “Πόθεν τρέφεται.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.36.1 (Dindorf 2:401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-36-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.36.2Dindorf 2:401
Πλάτων, αὐτὸν αὑτῷ τὸν κόσμον ἐκ τοῦ φθίνοντος κατὰ μεταβολὴν τὸ τρέφον παρέχεσθαι.
Platōn, auton hautǭ ton kosmon ek tou phthinontos kata metabolēn to trephon parechesthai.
Plato: that the world itself provides its own nourishment to itself by change from what wastes away.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato: the world nourishes itself from its own waste.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.5.2; compare Plato, Timaeus 33c.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.36.2 (Dindorf 2:401; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-36-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.36.3Dindorf 2:401–402
Φιλόλαος, διττὴν εἷναι τὴν φθορὰν, τοτὲ μὲν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ πυρὸς ῥυέντος, τοτὲ δὲ ἐξ ὕδατος σεληνιακοῦ περιστροφῇ τοῦ ἀέρος ἀποχυθέντος· καὶ τούτων εἶναι τὰς ἀναθυμιάσεις τροφὰς τοῦ κόσμου.”
Philolaos, dittēn heinai tēn phthoran, tote men ex ouranou pyros rhyentos, tote de ex hydatos selēniakou peristrophę̄ tou aeros apochythentos; kai toutōn einai tas anathymiaseis trophas tou kosmou.”
Philolaus: that destruction is twofold, at one time from fire flowing from heaven, at another from water of the moon poured out by the turning of the air; and that the exhalations of these are the nourishment of the world.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Philolaus: the world is destroyed by fire or water and nourished by their exhalations.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.5.3.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line-end hyphen left in the digital text): κόσ- μου → κόσμου.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.36.3 (Dindorf 2:401–402; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-36-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
Preparation 15, chapter 37
15.37.1Dindorf 2:402
“Ἀπὸ ποίου πρώτου ἤρξατο ὁ θεὸς κοσμοποιεῖν. Οἱ φυσικοὶ ἀπὸ γῆς ἄρξασθαί φασι τὴν γένεσιν τοῦ κόσμου, καθάπερ ἀπὸ κέντρου· ἀρχὴ δὲ σφαίρας τὸ κέντρον.
“Apo poiou prōtou ērxato ho theos kosmopoiein. Hoi physikoi apo gēs arxasthai phasi tēn genesin tou kosmou, kathaper apo kentrou; archē de sphairas to kentron.
“From what first God began to make the world. The natural philosophers say that the generation of the world began from earth, as from a center; for the center is the beginning of a sphere.
Notes and citation
Summary: The natural philosophers: creation began from the earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.6.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text; wrong marks in the digital text): "'Απὸ ποίου → “Ἀπὸ ποίου; Οἶʼ φυσικοὶ → Οἱ φυσικοὶ; ἀπὸ κέντρου ’ ἀρχὴ → ἀπὸ κέντρου· ἀρχὴ.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.6 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.37.1 (Dindorf 2:402; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-37-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.37.2Dindorf 2:402
Πυθαγόρας ἀπὸ πυρὸς καὶ τοῦ πέμπτου στοιχείου.
Pythagoras apo pyros kai tou pemptou stoicheiou.
Pythagoras: from fire and the fifth element.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pythagoras: creation began from fire and the fifth element.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.6.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text): στοιχειου → στοιχείου.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.6 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.37.2 (Dindorf 2:402; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-37-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.37.3Dindorf 2:402
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς τὸν μὲν αἰθέρα πρῶτον διακριθῆναι, δεύτερον δὲ τὸ πῦρ, ἐφʼ ᾦ τὴν γῆν, ἐξ ἧς ἄγαν περισφιγγομένης τῇ ῥύμῃ τῆς σφαίρας ἀναβλύσαι τὸ ὕδωρ, ἐξ οὗ θυμιαθῆναι τὸν ἀέρα· καὶ γενέσθαι τὸν μὲν οὐρανὸν ἐκ τοῦ αἰθέρος, τὸν δὲ ἥλιον ἐκ τοῦ πυρός· πιληθῆναι δὲ ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων τὰ περίγεια.
Empedoklēs ton men aithera prōton diakrithēnai, deuteron de to pyr, ephʼ ǭ tēn gēn, ex hēs agan perisphingomenēs tę̄ rhymę̄ tēs sphairas anablysai to hydōr, ex hou thymiathēnai ton aera; kai genesthai ton men ouranon ek tou aitheros, ton de hēlion ek tou pyros; pilēthēnai de ek tōn allōn ta perigeia.
Empedocles: that the ether was first separated, second the fire, after which the earth, from which, being excessively compressed by the rush of the revolution, water gushed up, from which air was exhaled; and that the heaven came to be from the ether, the sun from the fire, and the things about the earth were compacted from the others.
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles on the order in which the elements were separated.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.6.3.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text; line-end hyphen left in the digital text; stray mark in the digital text): διακρι- θῆναι → διακριθῆναι; ἀναβλὺσαι → ἀναβλύσαι; γενέ- σθαι → γενέσθαι; ἐκ τοῦ πυρός ’ πιληθῆναι → ἐκ τοῦ πυρός· πιληθῆναι.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.6 (Plutarch; quotation); Empedocles (Empedocles (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.37.3 (Dindorf 2:402; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-37-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.37.4Dindorf 2:402
Πλάτων ὁρατὸν τὸν κόσμον γεγονέναι πρὸς παράδειγμα τοῦ νοητοῦ κόσμου· τοῦ δὲ ὁρατοῦ προτέραν μὲν τὴν ψυχὴν, μετὰ δὲ ταύτην τὸ σωματοειδὲς, τὸ ἐκ πυρὸς μὲν καὶ γῆς πρῶτον, ὕδατος δὲ καὶ ἀέρος δεύτερον.
Platōn horaton ton kosmon gegonenai pros paradeigma tou noētou kosmou; tou de horatou proteran men tēn psychēn, meta de tautēn to sōmatoeides, to ek pyros men kai gēs prōton, hydatos de kai aeros deuteron.
Plato: that the visible world came to be after the pattern of the intelligible world; and of the visible, the soul first, and after it the bodily, first from fire and earth, and second from water and air.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato: soul came first, then the body of the world from the elements.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.6.4; compare Plato, Timaeus 34b–c, 31b–32b.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip; stray mark in the digital text): νοητοῦ κόσμου ’ τοῦ δὲ → νοητοῦ κόσμου· τοῦ δὲ; σωματοειθὲς → σωματοειδὲς; Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.6 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.37.4 (Dindorf 2:402; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-37-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.37.5Dindorf 2:402
Πυθαγόρας πέντε σχημάτων ὄντων στερεῶν, ἅπερ καλεῖται καὶ μαθηματικὰ, ἐκ μὲν τοῦ κύβου φησὶ γεγονέναι τὴν γῆν· ἐκ δὲ τῆς πυραμίδος τὸ πῦρ· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ὀκταέδρου τὸν ἀέρα· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ εἰκοσαέδρου τὸ ὕδωρ· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ δωδεκαέδρου τὴν τοῦ παντὸς σφαῖραν.
Pythagoras pente schēmatōn ontōn stereōn, haper kaleitai kai mathēmatika, ek men tou kybou phēsi gegonenai tēn gēn; ek de tēs pyramidos to pyr; ek de tou oktaedrou ton aera; ek de tou eikosaedrou to hydōr; ek de tou dōdekaedrou tēn tou pantos sphairan.
Pythagoras: there being five solid figures, which are also called mathematical, he says that earth came from the cube, fire from the pyramid, air from the octahedron, water from the icosahedron, and the sphere of the universe from the dodecahedron.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pythagoras: the elements come from the five regular solids.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.6.5.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray marks and OCR slip in the digital text): τὸ πῦρ ’ ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ὀκταέδρου τὸν ἀέρα ’ ἐκ δὲ τοῦ εἰκοσαέθρου τὸ ὕδωρ ’ ἐκ → τὸ πῦρ· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ὀκταέδρου τὸν ἀέρα· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ εἰκοσαέδρου τὸ ὕδωρ· ἐκ.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.6 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.37.5 (Dindorf 2:402; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-37-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.37.6Dindorf 2:402
Πλάτων δὲ καὶ ἐν τούτοις πυθαγορίζει.”
Platōn de kai en toutois pythagorizei.”
And Plato follows Pythagoras in these things too.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato follows Pythagoras here.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.6.6; compare Plato, Timaeus 55d–56b.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text): Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.6 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.37.6 (Dindorf 2:402; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-37-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 38
15.38.1Dindorf 2:402–403
“Περὶ τάξεως κόσμου. Παρμενίδης στεφάνας εἶναι περιπεπλεγμένας ἐπʼ ἀλλήλαις, τὴν μὲν ἐκ τοῦ ἀραιοῦ, τὴν δὲ ἐκ τοῦ πυκνοῦ· μικτὰς δὲ ἄλλας ἐκ φωτὸς καὶ σκότους μεταξὺ τούτων· καὶ τὸ περιέχον δὲ πάσας τοίχου δίκην στερεὸν ὑπάρχον.
“Peri taxeōs kosmou. Parmenidēs stephanas einai peripeplegmenas epʼ allēlais, tēn men ek tou araiou, tēn de ek tou pyknou; miktas de allas ek phōtos kai skotous metaxy toutōn; kai to periechon de pasas toichou dikēn stereon hyparchon.
“On the order of the world. Parmenides: that there are crowns intertwined with one another, one of the rare, the other of the dense; and others mixed of light and darkness between these; and that which surrounds them all is solid like a wall.
Notes and citation
Summary: Parmenides: the world is made of intertwined crowns.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.7.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line-end hyphen left in the digital text): πυ- κνοῦ → πυκνοῦ; στε- ρεὸν → στερεὸν.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.7 (Plutarch; quotation); Parmenides (Parmenides (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.38.1 (Dindorf 2:402–403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-38-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.38.2Dindorf 2:403
Λεύκιππος καὶ Δημόκριτος χιτῶνα κύκλῳ καὶ ὑμένα περιτείνουσι τῷ κόσμῳ.
Leukippos kai Dēmokritos chitōna kyklǭ kai hymena periteinousi tǭ kosmǭ.
Leucippus and Democritus stretch a tunic and membrane round the world.
Notes and citation
Summary: Leucippus and Democritus: a membrane surrounds the world.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.7.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.7 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.38.2 (Dindorf 2:403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-38-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.38.3Dindorf 2:403
Ἐπίκουρος ἐνίων μὲν κόσμων ἀραιὸν τὸ πέρας, ἔνια δὲ πυκνά· καὶ τούτων τὰ μέν τινα κινούμενα, τὰ δὲ ἀκίνητα.
Epikouros eniōn men kosmōn araion to peras, enia de pykna; kai toutōn ta men tina kinoumena, ta de akinēta.
Epicurus: of some worlds the boundary is rare, of others dense; and of these some move, others are unmoved.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epicurus: worlds have rare or dense boundaries.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.7.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.7 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.38.3 (Dindorf 2:403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-38-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.38.4Dindorf 2:403
Πλάτων πῦρ πρῶτον, εἶτα αἰθέρα, μεθʼ ὃν ἀέρα, ἐφʼ ᾧ ὕδωρ, τελευταίαν δὲ γῆν· ἐνίοτε δὲ τὸν αἰθέρα συνάπτει τῷ πυρί.
Platōn pyr prōton, eita aithera, methʼ hon aera, ephʼ hǭ hydōr, teleutaian de gēn; eniote de ton aithera synaptei tǭ pyri.
Plato: fire first, then ether, after which air, after which water, and earth last; and sometimes he joins ether with fire.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato on the order of the elements.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.7.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text): Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.7 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.38.4 (Dindorf 2:403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-38-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.38.5Dindorf 2:403
Ἀριστοτέλης πρῶτον μὲν αἰθέρα ἀπαθῆ, πέμπτον δὲ σῶμα· μεθʼ ὃν παθητὰ, πῦρ, ἀέρα, ὕδωρ, τελευταίαν δὲ γῆν. τούτων δὲ τοῖς μὲν οὐρανίοις ἀποδεδόσθαι τὴν κυκλικὴν κίνησιν· τῶν δʼ ὑποτεταγμένων τοῖς μὲν κούφοις τὴν ἄνω, τοῖς δὲ βαρέσι τὴν κάτω.
Aristotelēs prōton men aithera apathē, pempton de sōma; methʼ hon pathēta, pyr, aera, hydōr, teleutaian de gēn. toutōn de tois men ouraniois apodedosthai tēn kyklikēn kinēsin; tōn dʼ hypotetagmenōn tois men kouphois tēn anō, tois de baresi tēn katō.
Aristotle: first the impassible ether, a fifth body; after which the passible ones, fire, air, water, and earth last. Of these the circular motion was assigned to the heavenly ones; and of those ranged below, the upward to the light ones and the downward to the heavy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aristotle: ether first, then the four elements with their natural motions.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.7.5.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (broken word in the digital text): τῶν δʼ ὑπʼ τεταγμένων → τῶν δʼ ὑποτεταγμένων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.7 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.38.5 (Dindorf 2:403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-38-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.38.6Dindorf 2:403
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς μὴ διὰ παντὸς ἑστῶτας εἶναι, μηδὲ ὡρισμένους τοὺς τόπους τῶν στοιχείων, ἀλλὰ πάντα πως ἀλλήλων μεταλαμβάνειν.”
Empedoklēs mē dia pantos hestōtas einai, mēde hōrismenous tous topous tōn stoicheiōn, alla panta pōs allēlōn metalambanein.”
Empedocles: that the places of the elements are not altogether fixed nor defined, but that all in some way take part in one another.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles: the elements’ places are not fixed.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.7.6.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.7 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.38.6 (Dindorf 2:403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-38-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 39
15.39.1Dindorf 2:403
“Τίς ἡ αἰτία τοῦ τὸν κόσμον ἐγκλιθῆναι. Διογένης, Ἀναξαγόρας, μετὰ τὸ συστῆναι τὸν κόσμον καὶ τὰ ζῷα ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐξαγαγεῖν ἐγκλιθῆναί πως τὸν κόσμον ἐκ τοῦ αὐτομάτου εἰς τὸ μεσημβρινὸν αὐτοῦ μέρος, ἴσως ὑπὸ προνοίας, ἵνα τὰ μὲν ἀοίκητα γένηται, τὰ δὲ οἰκητὰ μέρη τοῦ κόσμου, κατὰ ψῦξιν καὶ ἐκπύρωσιν καὶ εὐκρασίαν.
“Tis hē aitia tou ton kosmon enklithēnai. Diogenēs, Anaxagoras, meta to systēnai ton kosmon kai ta zǭa ek tēs gēs exagagein enklithēnai pōs ton kosmon ek tou automatou eis to mesēmbrinon autou meros, isōs hypo pronoias, hina ta men aoikēta genētai, ta de oikēta merē tou kosmou, kata psyxin kai ekpyrōsin kai eukrasian.
“What is the cause of the world’s inclination. Diogenes, Anaxagoras: that after the world was constituted and brought forth the living things from the earth, the world was somehow inclined of itself toward its southern part, perhaps by providence, so that some parts of the world might become uninhabitable and others habitable, by cold and burning heat and temperate climate.
Notes and citation
Summary: Diogenes and Anaxagoras on the tilt of the world.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.8.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text; wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Τίς ἡ αἰτία → “Τίς ἡ αἰτία; ἐγκλιθηναί πως → ἐγκλιθῆναί πως.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.8 (Plutarch; quotation); Anaxagoras (Anaxagoras; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.39.1 (Dindorf 2:403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-39-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.39.2Dindorf 2:403
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς, τοῦ ἀέρος εἴξαντος τῇ τοῦ ἡλίου ὁρμῇ, ἐπικλιθῆναι τὰς ἄρκτους καὶ τὰ βόρεια ὑψωθῆναι, τὰ δὲ νότια ταπεινωθῆναι, καθὸ καὶ τὸν ὅλον κόσμον.”
Empedoklēs, tou aeros eixantos tę̄ tou hēliou hormę̄, epiklithēnai tas arktous kai ta boreia hypsōthēnai, ta de notia tapeinōthēnai, katho kai ton holon kosmon.”
Empedocles: that when the air gave way to the rush of the sun, the Bears were inclined and the northern parts raised and the southern lowered, and so the whole world.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles on the tilt of the world.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.8.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text): τἀς ἄρκτους → τὰς ἄρκτους.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.8 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.39.2 (Dindorf 2:403; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-39-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 40
15.40.1Dindorf 2:403–404
“Περὶ τοῦ ἐκτὸς τοῦ κόσμου, εἰ ἔστι κενόν. Οἱ μὲν ἀπὸ Πυθαγόρου, ἐκτὸς εἷναι τοῦ κόσμου κενὸν, εἰς ὃ ἀναπνεῖ ὁ κόσμος, καὶ ἐξ οὗ.
“Peri tou ektos tou kosmou, ei esti kenon. Hoi men apo Pythagorou, ektos heinai tou kosmou kenon, eis ho anapnei ho kosmos, kai ex hou.
“On what is outside the world, whether it is void. Those from Pythagoras: that outside the world there is a void, into which and out of which the world breathes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Pythagoreans: a void outside the world, which the world breathes.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.9.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Περὶ τοῦ ἐκτὸς → “Περὶ τοῦ ἐκτὸς.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.40.1 (Dindorf 2:403–404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-40-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.40.2Dindorf 2:404
Οἱ δὲ Στωϊκοὶ, εἰς ὃ καὶ τῇ ἐκπυρώσει ἀναλύεται, ἄπειρον.
Hoi de Stōïkoi, eis ho kai tę̄ ekpyrōsei analyetai, apeiron.
The Stoics: an infinite void, into which it is also dissolved in the conflagration.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: an infinite void receives the world at the conflagration.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.9.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.40.2 (Dindorf 2:404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-40-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.40.3Dindorf 2:404
Ποσειδώνιος οὐκ ἄπειρον, ἀλλʼ ὅσον αὔταρκες εἰς τὴν διάλυσιν, ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ περὶ κενοῦ.
Poseidōnios ouk apeiron, allʼ hoson autarkes eis tēn dialysin, en tǭ prōtǭ peri kenou.
Posidonius: not infinite, but as much as suffices for the dissolution, in the first book On the Void.
Notes and citation
Summary: Posidonius: the void is only as large as needed.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.9.3.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray bracket in the digital text): περὶ κενοῦ.] → περὶ κενοῦ..
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.40.3 (Dindorf 2:404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-40-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.40.4Dindorf 2:404
Πλάτων, Ἀριστοτέλης, μήτʼ ἐκτὸς τοῦ κόσμου διάκενον εἶναι μήτʼ ἐντός.”
Platōn, Aristotelēs, mētʼ ektos tou kosmou diakenon einai mētʼ entos.”
Plato, Aristotle: that there is no void either outside or inside the world.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato and Aristotle: no void anywhere.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.9.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text): Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.40.4 (Dindorf 2:404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-40-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 41
15.41.1Dindorf 2:404
“Τίνα δεξιὰ τοῦ κόσμου καὶ τίνα ἀριστερά. Πυθαγόρας, Πλάτων, Ἀριστοτέλης δεξιὰ τοῦ κόσμου τὰ ἀνατολικὰ μέρη, ἀφʼ ὧν ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κινήσεως, ἀριστερὰ δὲ τὰ δυτικά.
“Tina dexia tou kosmou kai tina aristera. Pythagoras, Platōn, Aristotelēs dexia tou kosmou ta anatolika merē, aphʼ hōn hē archē tēs kinēseōs, aristera de ta dytika.
“Which are the right and which the left parts of the world. Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle: the right parts of the world are the eastern, from which the motion begins, and the left the western.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle: the east is the right side of the world.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.10.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text; wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Τίνα δεξιὰ → “Τίνα δεξιὰ; Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.10 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.41.1 (Dindorf 2:404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-41-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.41.2Dindorf 2:404
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς, δεξιὰ μὲν τὰ κατὰ τὸν θερινὸν τροπικὸν, ἀριστερὰ δὲ τὰ κατὰ τὸν χειμερινόν.
Empedoklēs, dexia men ta kata ton therinon tropikon, aristera de ta kata ton cheimerinon.
Empedocles: the right are those toward the summer tropic, the left those toward the winter.
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles: right and left by the tropics.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.10.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.10 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.41.2 (Dindorf 2:404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-41-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 42
15.42.1Dindorf 2:404
“Περὶ οὐρανοῦ, τίς ἡ τούτου Ἀναξιμένης τὴν περιφορὰν τῆς ἔξωθεν ζώνης εἶναι.
“Peri ouranou, tis hē toutou Anaximenēs tēn periphoran tēs exōthen zōnēs einai.
“On heaven, what its substance is. Anaximenes: that it is the revolution of the outermost zone.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximenes on the substance of heaven.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.11.1. “Substance” supplies a word lost from the heading.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Περὶ οὐρανοῦ → “Περὶ οὐρανοῦ.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.11 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.42.1 (Dindorf 2:404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-42-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.42.2Dindorf 2:404
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς στερέμνιον εἶναι τὸν οὐρανὸν, ἐξ ἀέρος συμπαγέντος ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς κρυσταλλοειδῶς, τὸ πυρῶδες καὶ ἀερῶδες ἐν ἑκατέρῳ τῶν ἡμισφαιρίων περιέχοντα.
Empedoklēs steremnion einai ton ouranon, ex aeros sympagentos hypo tou pyros krystalloeidōs, to pyrōdes kai aerōdes en hekaterǭ tōn hēmisphairiōn periechonta.
Empedocles: that heaven is solid, made of air compacted by fire into crystal, containing the fiery and airy in each of the hemispheres.
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles: heaven is crystalline compacted air.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.11.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.11 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.42.2 (Dindorf 2:404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-42-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.42.3Dindorf 2:404
Ἀριστοτέλης ἐκ πέμπτου σώματος, ἢ ἐκ θερμοῦ καὶ ψυχροῦ μίγματος.”
Aristotelēs ek pemptou sōmatos, ē ek thermou kai psychrou migmatos.”
Aristotle: from the fifth body, or from a mixture of hot and cold.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Aristotle: heaven is of the fifth body.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.11.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.11 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.42.3 (Dindorf 2:404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-42-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 43
15.43.1Dindorf 2:404
“Περὶ δαιμόνων καὶ ἡρώων. Παρακειμένως δὲ τῷ περὶ θεῶν λόγῳ τὸν περὶ δαιμόνων καὶ ἡρώων ἱστορητέον.
“Peri daimonōn kai hērōōn. Parakeimenōs de tǭ peri theōn logǭ ton peri daimonōn kai hērōōn historēteon.
“On daimones and heroes. Next to the account about gods we must relate that about daimones and heroes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plutarch turns to daimones and heroes.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.8.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.8 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.43.1 (Dindorf 2:404; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-43-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.43.2Dindorf 2:404–405
Θαλῆς, Πυθαγόρας, Πλάτων, οἱ Στωϊκοὶ, δαίμονας ὑπάρχειν οὐσίας ψυχικάς· εἶναι δὲ καὶ ἥρωας τὰς κεχωρισμένας ψυχὰς τῶν σωμάτων· καὶ ἀγαθοὺς μὲν τὰς ἀγαθὰς, κακοὺς δὲ τὰς φαύλας.
Thalēs, Pythagoras, Platōn, hoi Stōïkoi, daimonas hyparchein ousias psychikas; einai de kai hērōas tas kechōrismenas psychas tōn sōmatōn; kai agathous men tas agathas, kakous de tas phaulas.
Thales, Pythagoras, Plato, the Stoics: that daimones are psychic substances; and that heroes are souls separated from bodies; good ones the good souls, bad ones the wicked.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thales, Pythagoras, Plato, and the Stoics: daimones are souls; heroes are disembodied souls.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.8.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text; wrong mark in the digital text): τὰς ἀγαθὰς; κακοὺς → τὰς ἀγαθὰς, κακοὺς; Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.8 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.43.2 (Dindorf 2:404–405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-43-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.43.3Dindorf 2:405
Ἐπίκουρος δὲ οὐδὲν τούτων ἐγκρίνει.”
Epikouros de ouden toutōn enkrinei.”
Epicurus admits none of these.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Epicurus rejects daimones and heroes.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.8.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.8 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.43.3 (Dindorf 2:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-43-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 44
15.44.1Dindorf 2:405
“Περὶ ὕλης. Ὕλη ἐστὶ τὸ ὑποκείμενον γενέσει καὶ φθορᾷ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις μεταβολαῖς.
“Peri hylēs. Hylē esti to hypokeimenon genesei kai phthorą kai tais allais metabolais.
“On matter. Matter is that which underlies generation and destruction and the other changes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Definition of matter.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.9.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.44.1 (Dindorf 2:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-44-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.44.2Dindorf 2:405
Οἱ ἀπὸ Θαλέω καὶ Πυθαγόρα καὶ οἶ Στωϊκοὶ τρεπτὴν καὶ ἀλλοιωτὴν καὶ ῥευστὴν ὅλην διʼ ὅλων τὴν ὕλην.
Hoi apo Thaleō kai Pythagora kai oi Stōïkoi treptēn kai alloiōtēn kai rheustēn holēn diʼ holōn tēn hylēn.
The followers of Thales and Pythagoras, and the Stoics: that matter is changeable and alterable and flowing, wholly through and through.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thales, Pythagoras, Stoics: matter is wholly changeable.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.9.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text): Οἶʼ ἀπὸ Θαλέω → Οἱ ἀπὸ Θαλέω.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.44.2 (Dindorf 2:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-44-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.44.3Dindorf 2:405
Οἱ ἀπὸ Δημοκρίτου, ἀπαθῆ τὰ πρῶτα, τὴν ἄτομον καὶ τὸ κενὸν καὶ τὸ ἀσώματον.
Hoi apo Dēmokritou, apathē ta prōta, tēn atomon kai to kenon kai to asōmaton.
The followers of Democritus: that the first things are impassible, the atom and the void and the incorporeal.
Notes and citation
Summary: The atomists: the first principles are impassible.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.9.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.44.3 (Dindorf 2:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-44-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.44.4Dindorf 2:405
Ἀριστοτέλης καὶ Πλάτων τὴν ὕλην σωματοειδῆ, ἄμορφον, ἀνείδεον, ἀσχημάτιστον, ἄποιον μὲν ὅσον ἐπὶ τῇ ἰδίᾳ φύσει, δεξαμενὴν δὲ τῶν εἰδῶν, οἶον τιθήνην καὶ ἐκμαγεῖον καὶ μητέρα γενέσθαι. οἶ δὲ ὕδωρ λέγοντες, πῦρ, ἢ ἀέρα, ἢ γῆν τὴν ὕλην, οὐκέτι ἄμορφον αὐτὴν λέγουσιν, ἀλλὰ σῶμα· οἱ δὲ τὰ ἀμερῆ, καὶ τὰς ἀτόμους, ἄμορφον.”
Aristotelēs kai Platōn tēn hylēn sōmatoeidē, amorphon, aneideon, aschēmatiston, apoion men hoson epi tę̄ idią physei, dexamenēn de tōn eidōn, oion tithēnēn kai ekmageion kai mētera genesthai. oi de hydōr legontes, pyr, ē aera, ē gēn tēn hylēn, ouketi amorphon autēn legousin, alla sōma; hoi de ta amerē, kai tas atomous, amorphon.”
Aristotle and Plato: that matter is bodily, shapeless, formless, figureless, without quality as far as its own nature goes, but the receptacle of forms, as it were a nurse and impression-stuff and mother. Those who say that matter is water, fire, or air, or earth, no longer call it shapeless, but body; those who say the partless things and the atoms, shapeless.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato and Aristotle: matter is formless receptacle; others make it a body.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.9.4–5; compare Plato, Timaeus 49a, 50c–d.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text): Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.44.4 (Dindorf 2:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-44-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 45
15.45.1Dindorf 2:405
“Περὶ ἰδέας. Ἰδέα δέ ἐστιν οὐσία ἀσώματος, αὐτὴ μὲν ὑφεστῶσα καὶ καθʼ ἑαυτὴν, εἰκονίζουσα δὲ τὰς ἀμόρφους ὕλας καὶ αἰτία γιγνομένη τῆς τούτων δείξεως.
“Peri ideas. Idea de estin ousia asōmatos, autē men hyphestōsa kai kathʼ heautēn, eikonizousa de tas amorphous hylas kai aitia gignomenē tēs toutōn deixeōs.
“On the idea. An idea is an incorporeal substance, subsisting itself and by itself, imaging the shapeless matters and becoming the cause of their showing.
Notes and citation
Summary: Definition of the idea.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.10.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line-end hyphen left in the digital text): ὑφε- στῶσα → ὑφεστῶσα.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.10 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.45.1 (Dindorf 2:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-45-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.45.2Dindorf 2:405
Σωκράτης καὶ Πλάτων χωριστὰς τῆς ὕλης οὐσίας τὰς ἰδέας ὑπολαμβάνουσιν, ἐν τοῖς νοήμασι καὶ ἐν ταῖς φαντασίαις τοῦ θεοῦ, τουτέστι τοῦ νοῦ, ὑφεστώσας.
Sōkratēs kai Platōn chōristas tēs hylēs ousias tas ideas hypolambanousin, en tois noēmasi kai en tais phantasiais tou theou, toutesti tou nou, hyphestōsas.
Socrates and Plato suppose the ideas to be substances separate from matter, subsisting in the thoughts and imaginations of God, that is, of mind.
Notes and citation
Summary: Socrates and Plato: the ideas are God’s thoughts, separate from matter.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.10.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text): Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.10 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.45.2 (Dindorf 2:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-45-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.45.3Dindorf 2:405
Ἀριστοτέλης εἴδη μὲν ἀπέλιπε καὶ ἰδέας, οὐ μὴν κεχωρισμένας τῆς ὕλης, ἔξω γεγονὼς τοῦ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ.
Aristotelēs eidē men apelipe kai ideas, ou mēn kechōrismenas tēs hylēs, exō gegonōs tou hypo tou theou.
Aristotle left forms and ideas, but not separate from matter, being outside the view that they are made by God.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aristotle: forms are not separate from matter.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.10.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.10 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.45.3 (Dindorf 2:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-45-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.45.4Dindorf 2:405
Οἱ ἀπὸ Ζήνωνος Στωϊκοὶ ἐννοήματα τὰς ἰδέας.”
Hoi apo Zēnōnos Stōïkoi ennoēmata tas ideas.”
The Stoics of Zeno’s school: the ideas are our own concepts.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: ideas are our concepts.
- [Plutarch], Placita 1.10.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text): Οἶʼ ἀπὸ Ζήνωνος → Οἱ ἀπὸ Ζήνωνος.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 1.10 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.45.4 (Dindorf 2:405; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-45-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 46
15.46.1Dindorf 2:405–406
“Περὶ τάξεως Ξενοκράτης κατὰ μίαν ἐπιφάνειαν οἴεται κινεῖσθαι τοὺς ἀστέρας.
“Peri taxeōs Xenokratēs kata mian epiphaneian oietai kineisthai tous asteras.
“On the order of the stars. Xenocrates thinks the stars move on one surface.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xenocrates: the stars move on one surface.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.15.1. “Of the stars” supplies words lost from the heading.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (broken word in the digital text; wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Περὶ τάξεως → “Περὶ τάξεως; κίνει σθαι → κινεῖσθαι.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.15 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.46.1 (Dindorf 2:405–406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-46-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.46.2Dindorf 2:406
Οἱ ἄλλοι Στωϊκοὶ πρὸ τῶν ἑτέρων τοὺς ἑτέρους, ἐν ὕψει καὶ βάθει.
Hoi alloi Stōïkoi pro tōn heterōn tous heterous, en hypsei kai bathei.
The other Stoics: some before others, in height and depth.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: the stars lie at different depths.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.15.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.15 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.46.2 (Dindorf 2:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-46-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.46.3Dindorf 2:406
Δημόκριτος τὰ μὲν ἀπλανῆ πρῶτον, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τοὺς πλάνητας, ἐφʼ οἷς ἥλιον, Φωσφόρον, σελήνην.
Dēmokritos ta men aplanē prōton, meta de tauta tous planētas, ephʼ hois hēlion, Phōsphoron, selēnēn.
Democritus: the fixed stars first, after these the planets, after which the sun, the Morning Star, the moon.
Notes and citation
Summary: Democritus’ order of the heavenly bodies.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.15.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.15 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.46.3 (Dindorf 2:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-46-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.46.4Dindorf 2:406
Πλάτων μετὰ τὴν τῶν ἀπλανῶν θέσιν πρῶτον Φαίνοντα λεγόμενον, τὸν τοῦ Κρόνου· δεύτερον Φαέθοντα, τὸν τοῦ Δῖός· τρίτον Πυρόεντα, τὸν τοῦ Ἄρεως· τέταρτον Ἑωσφόρον, τὸν τῆς Ἀφροδίτης· πέμπτον Στίλβοντα, τὸν τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ· ἕκτον ἥλιον· ἕβδομον σελήνην.
Platōn meta tēn tōn aplanōn thesin prōton Phainonta legomenon, ton tou Kronou; deuteron Phaethonta, ton tou Dios; triton Pyroenta, ton tou Areōs; tetarton Heōsphoron, ton tēs Aphroditēs; pempton Stilbonta, ton tou Hermou; hekton hēlion; hebdomon selēnēn.
Plato: after the position of the fixed stars, first the one called Phaenon, that of Cronus; second Phaethon, that of Zeus; third Pyroeis, that of Ares; fourth Heosphorus, that of Aphrodite; fifth Stilbon, that of Hermes; sixth the sun; seventh the moon.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato’s order of the planets.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.15.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text): Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.15 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.46.4 (Dindorf 2:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-46-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.46.5Dindorf 2:406
Τῶν μαθηματικῶν τινὲς μὲν ὡς Πλάτων, τινὲς δὲ μέσον πάντων τὸν ἥλιον.
Tōn mathēmatikōn tines men hōs Platōn, tines de meson pantōn ton hēlion.
Of the mathematicians, some as Plato does, others put the sun in the middle of all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Some mathematicians put the sun in the middle.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.15.5.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text): Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.15 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.46.5 (Dindorf 2:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-46-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.46.6Dindorf 2:406
Ἀναξίμανδρος καὶ Μητρόδωρος ὁ Χῖος καὶ Κράτης ἀνωτάτω μὲν πάντων τὸν ἥλιον τετάχθαι· μετʼ αὐτὸν τὴν σελήνην· ὑπὸ δὲ αὐτοὺς τὰ ἀπλανῆ τῶν ἄστρων καὶ τοὺς πλάνητας.”
Anaximandros kai Mētrodōros ho Chios kai Kratēs anōtatō men pantōn ton hēlion tetachthai; metʼ auton tēn selēnēn; hypo de autous ta aplanē tōn astrōn kai tous planētas.”
Anaximander and Metrodorus of Chios and Crates: that the sun is placed highest of all; after it the moon; and under them the fixed stars and the planets.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximander and others put the sun highest.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.15.6.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.15 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.46.6 (Dindorf 2:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-46-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 47
15.47.1Dindorf 2:406
“Περὶ τῆς τῶν ἄστρων φορᾶς καὶ κινήσεως. Ἀναξαγόρας, Δημόκριτος, Κλεάνθης, ἀπʼ ἀνατολῶν ἐπὶ δυσμὰς φέρεσθαι πάντας τοὺς ἀστέρας.
“Peri tēs tōn astrōn phoras kai kinēseōs. Anaxagoras, Dēmokritos, Kleanthēs, apʼ anatolōn epi dysmas pheresthai pantas tous asteras.
“On the course and motion of the stars. Anaxagoras, Democritus, Cleanthes: that all the stars are carried from east to west.
Notes and citation
Summary: All the stars move east to west.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.16.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Περὶ τῆς τῶν → “Περὶ τῆς τῶν.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.16 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.47.1 (Dindorf 2:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-47-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.47.2Dindorf 2:406
Ἀλκμαίων καὶ οἶ μαθηματικοὶ τοὺς πλάνητας τοῖς ἀπλανέσιν ἐναντίους· ἀπὸ γὰρ δυσμῶν ἐπʼ ἀντιφέρεσθαι.
Alkmaiōn kai oi mathēmatikoi tous planētas tois aplanesin enantious; apo gar dysmōn epʼ antipheresthai.
Alcmaeon and the mathematicians: that the planets move contrary to the fixed stars; for they are carried in the opposite direction from west to east.
Notes and citation
Summary: The planets move opposite to the fixed stars.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.16.2.
- “To the east” supplies a word lost from the text.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.16 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.47.2 (Dindorf 2:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-47-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.47.3Dindorf 2:406
Ἀναξίμανδρος ὑπὸ τῶν κύκλων καὶ τῶν σφαιρῶν, ἐφʼ ὧν ἕκαστος βέβηκε, φέρεσθαι. Ἀναξιμένης οὐχ ὑπὸ γῆν, περὶ αὐτὴν δὲ στρέφεσθαι τοὺς ἀστέρας.
Anaximandros hypo tōn kyklōn kai tōn sphairōn, ephʼ hōn hekastos bebēke, pheresthai. Anaximenēs ouch hypo gēn, peri autēn de strephesthai tous asteras.
Anaximander: that they are carried by the circles and spheres on which each is set. Anaximenes: that the stars turn not under the earth but around it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximander and Anaximenes on the motion of the stars.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.16.5–6.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.16 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.47.3 (Dindorf 2:406; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-47-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.47.4Dindorf 2:406–407
Πλάτων καὶ οἱ μαθηματικοὶ ἰσοδρόμους εἶναι τὸν ἥλιον, τὸν Φωσφόρον, τὸν Στίλβοντα.”
Platōn kai hoi mathēmatikoi isodromous einai ton hēlion, ton Phōsphoron, ton Stilbonta.”
Plato and the mathematicians: that the sun, the Morning Star, and Stilbon run an equal course.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sun, Venus, and Mercury move at equal speed.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.16.7.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text): Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.16 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.47.4 (Dindorf 2:406–407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-47-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 48
15.48.1Dindorf 2:407
“Πόθεν φωτίζονται οἱ ἀστέρες. Μητρόδωρος ἅπαντας τοὺς ἀπλανεῖς ἀστέρας ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου καταλάμπεσθαι.
“Pothen phōtizontai hoi asteres. Mētrodōros hapantas tous aplaneis asteras hypo tou hēliou katalampesthai.
“From where the stars are lit. Metrodorus: that all the fixed stars are lit by the sun.
Notes and citation
Summary: Metrodorus: the stars are lit by the sun.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.17.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Πόθεν φωτίζονται → “Πόθεν φωτίζονται.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.17 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.48.1 (Dindorf 2:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-48-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.48.2Dindorf 2:407
Ἡράκλειτος καὶ οἶ Στωϊκοὶ τρέφεσθαι τοὺς ἀστέρας ἐκ τῆς ἐπιγείου ἀναθυμιάσεως.
Hērakleitos kai oi Stōïkoi trephesthai tous asteras ek tēs epigeiou anathymiaseōs.
Heraclitus and the Stoics: that the stars are nourished from the exhalation from the earth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heraclitus and the Stoics: the stars feed on earth’s exhalations.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.17.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.17 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.48.2 (Dindorf 2:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-48-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.48.3Dindorf 2:407
Ἀριστοτέλης μὴ δεῖσθαι τὰ οὐράνια τροφῆς· οὐ γὰρ φθαρτὰ, ἀλλʼ ἀίδια.
Aristotelēs mē deisthai ta ourania trophēs; ou gar phtharta, allʼ aidia.
Aristotle: that the heavenly bodies need no nourishment; for they are not perishable but everlasting.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aristotle: the heavenly bodies need no nourishment.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.17.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.17 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.48.3 (Dindorf 2:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-48-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.48.4Dindorf 2:407
Πλάτων κοινῶς τὸν κόσμον ὅλον καὶ τὰ ἄστρα ἐξ αὐτοῦ τρέφεσθαι.”
Platōn koinōs ton kosmon holon kai ta astra ex autou trephesthai.”
Plato: that the whole world and the stars are nourished in common from itself.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato: the world and stars nourish themselves.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.17.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text; stray mark in the digital text): ἔξ αὐτοῦ → ἐξ αὐτοῦ; Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.17 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.48.4 (Dindorf 2:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-48-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 49
15.49.1Dindorf 2:407
“Περὶ τῶν καλουμένων Διοσκούρων. Ξενοφάνης τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν πλοίων φαινομένους οἷον ἀστέρας νεφέλια εἶναι κατὰ τὴν ποιὰν κίνησιν παραλάμποντα.
“Peri tōn kaloumenōn Dioskourōn. Xenophanēs tous epi tōn ploiōn phainomenous hoion asteras nephelia einai kata tēn poian kinēsin paralamponta.
“On the so-called Dioscuri. Xenophanes: that the things like stars that appear on ships are little clouds, shining by a certain kind of motion.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xenophanes: St. Elmo’s fire is glowing cloud.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.18.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Περὶ τῶν καλουμένων → “Περὶ τῶν καλουμένων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.18 (Plutarch; quotation); Xenophanes (Xenophanes (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.49.1 (Dindorf 2:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-49-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.49.2Dindorf 2:407
Μητρόδωρος τῶν ὁρώντων ὀφθαλμῶν μετὰ δέους καὶ καταπλήξεως εἶναι στιλβηδόνας.”
Mētrodōros tōn horōntōn ophthalmōn meta deous kai kataplēxeōs einai stilbēdonas.”
Metrodorus: that they are flashes of the eyes of those who see them with fear and amazement.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Metrodorus: they are flashes of frightened eyes.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.18.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.18 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.49.2 (Dindorf 2:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-49-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 50
15.50.1Dindorf 2:407
“Περὶ ἐκλείψεως ἡλίου. Θαλῆς πρῶτος ἔφη ἐκλείπειν τὸν ἥλιον τῆς σελήνης αὐτὸν ὑπερχομένης κατὰ κάθετον, οὔσης φύσει γεώδους· βλέπεσθαι δὲ τοῦτο κατοπτρικῶς ὑποτιθεμένην τῷ δίσκῳ.
“Peri ekleipseōs hēliou. Thalēs prōtos ephē ekleipein ton hēlion tēs selēnēs auton hyperchomenēs kata katheton, ousēs physei geōdous; blepesthai de touto katoptrikōs hypotithemenēn tǭ diskǭ.
“On the eclipse of the sun. Thales first said that the sun is eclipsed when the moon passes under it perpendicularly, being earthy in nature; and that this is seen as in a mirror, the moon being placed under the disk.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thales: solar eclipses are caused by the moon.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.24.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): τῆς αελήνης → τῆς σελήνης.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.24 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.50.1 (Dindorf 2:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-50-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.50.2Dindorf 2:407
Ἀναξίμανδρος τοῦ στομίου τῆς τοῦ πυρὸς διεκπνοῆς ἀποκλειομένου.
Anaximandros tou stomiou tēs tou pyros diekpnoēs apokleiomenou.
Anaximander: when the opening of the fire’s breathing-hole is closed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximander: eclipses occur when the sun’s vent is blocked.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.24.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text): διεκπνοης → διεκπνοῆς.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.24 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.50.2 (Dindorf 2:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-50-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.50.3Dindorf 2:407
Ἡράκλειτος κατὰ τὴν τοῦ σκαφοειδοῦς στροφὴν, ὥστε τὸ μὲν κοῖλον ἄνω γίνεσθαι, τὸ δὲ κυρτὸν κάτω πρὸς τὴν ἡμετέραν ὄψιν.
Hērakleitos kata tēn tou skaphoeidous strophēn, hōste to men koilon anō ginesthai, to de kyrton katō pros tēn hēmeteran opsin.
Heraclitus: by the turning of the bowl, so that the hollow comes to be upward and the convex downward toward our sight.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heraclitus: eclipses are the turning of the sun’s bowl.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.24.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.24 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.50.3 (Dindorf 2:407; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-50-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.50.4Dindorf 2:407–408
Ξενοφάνης κατὰ σβέσιν· ἕτερον δὲ πάλιν πρὸς ταῖς ἀνατολαῖς γίγνεσθαι. παριστόρηκε δὲ καὶ ἔκλειψιν ἡλίου ἐφʼ ὅλον τὸν μῆνα, καὶ πάλιν ἔκλειψιν ἐντελῆ, ὥστε τὴν ἡμέραν νύκτα φανῆναι.
Xenophanēs kata sbesin; heteron de palin pros tais anatolais gignesthai. paristorēke de kai ekleipsin hēliou ephʼ holon ton mēna, kai palin ekleipsin entelē, hōste tēn hēmeran nykta phanēnai.
Xenophanes: by quenching, and another comes to be again at the risings. He has also recorded an eclipse of the sun lasting a whole month, and again a total eclipse, so that the day appeared as night.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xenophanes: the sun is quenched and a new one kindled.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.24.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line-end hyphen left in the digital text): ἔκλει- ψιν → ἔκλειψιν.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.24 (Plutarch; quotation); Xenophanes (Xenophanes (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.50.4 (Dindorf 2:407–408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-50-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.50.5Dindorf 2:408
Ἔνιοι πύκνωμα τῶν ἀοράτων ἐπερχομένων τῷ δίσκῳ νεφῶν.
Enioi pyknōma tōn aoratōn eperchomenōn tǭ diskǭ nephōn.
Some: a condensation of invisible clouds coming over the disk.
Notes and citation
Summary: Some: invisible clouds cause eclipses.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.24.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.24 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.50.5 (Dindorf 2:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-50-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.50.6Dindorf 2:408
Ἀρίσταρχος τὸν ἥλιον ἵστησι μετὰ τῶν ἀπλανῶν, τὴν δὲ σελήνην κινεῖ περὶ τὸν ἡλιακὸν κύκλον, καὶ κατὰ ταύτας τὰς ἐγκλίσεις σκιάζεσθαι τὸν δίσκον.
Aristarchos ton hēlion histēsi meta tōn aplanōn, tēn de selēnēn kinei peri ton hēliakon kyklon, kai kata tautas tas enkliseis skiazesthai ton diskon.
Aristarchus places the sun with the fixed stars, and moves the moon around the solar circle, and the disk is shadowed according to its inclinations.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aristarchus places the sun among the fixed stars.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.24.8. The text here is confused (Aristarchus moved the earth); translated as it stands.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text): τἀς ἐγκλίσεις → τὰς ἐγκλίσεις.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.24 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.50.6 (Dindorf 2:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-50-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.50.7Dindorf 2:408
Ξενοφάνης πολλοὺς ἡλίους εἶναι καὶ σελήνας, κατὰ τὰ κλίματα τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἀποτομὰς, καὶ ζώνας· κατά τινα δὲ καιρὸν ἐμπίπτειν τὸν δίσκον εἴς τινα ἀποτομὴν τῆς γῆς οὐκ οἰκουμένης ὑφʼ ἡμῶν, καὶ οὕτως ὥσπερ κενεμβατοῦντα ἔκλειψιν ὑποφαίνειν. ὁ δʼ αὐτὸς τὸν ἥλιον μὲν εἰς ἄπειρον προϊέναι, δοκεῖν κυκλεῖσθαι διὰ τὴν ἀπόστασιν.”
Xenophanēs pollous hēlious einai kai selēnas, kata ta klimata tēs gēs, kai apotomas, kai zōnas; kata tina de kairon empiptein ton diskon eis tina apotomēn tēs gēs ouk oikoumenēs hyphʼ hēmōn, kai houtōs hōsper kenembatounta ekleipsin hypophainein. ho dʼ autos ton hēlion men eis apeiron proïenai, dokein kykleisthai dia tēn apostasin.”
Xenophanes: that there are many suns and moons, according to the regions of the earth and its sections and zones; and at a certain time the disk falls into some section of the earth not inhabited by us, and so, as if stepping into the void, shows an eclipse. The same says that the sun goes forward to infinity, but seems to go in a circle because of the distance.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Xenophanes: many suns and moons; the sun goes on forever.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.24.9.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): ἡλίους τἶναι → ἡλίους εἶναι.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.24 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.50.7 (Dindorf 2:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-50-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 51
15.51.1Dindorf 2:408
“Περὶ ἐκλείψεως σελήνης. Ἀναξίμανδρος τοῦ στομίου τοῦ περὶ τὸν τροχὸν ἐπιφραττομένου.
“Peri ekleipseōs selēnēs. Anaximandros tou stomiou tou peri ton trochon epiphrattomenou.
“On the eclipse of the moon. Anaximander: when the opening around the wheel is blocked.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximander on lunar eclipses.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.29.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong mark and accent slip in the digital text): ‟Περὶ ἐκλείψεως σελήνης. Ἀναξίμανδρος τοὐ → “Περὶ ἐκλείψεως σελήνης. Ἀναξίμανδρος τοῦ.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.29 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.51.1 (Dindorf 2:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-51-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.51.2Dindorf 2:408
Βηρωσσὸς κατὰ τὴν πρὸς ἡμὰς ἐπιστροφὴν τοῦ ἀπυρώτου μέρους.
Bērōssos kata tēn pros hēmas epistrophēn tou apyrōtou merous.
Berossus: by the turning toward us of the unlit part.
Notes and citation
Summary: Berossus: the moon turns its dark side toward us.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.29.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.29 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.51.2 (Dindorf 2:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-51-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.51.3Dindorf 2:408
Ἡράκλειτος κατὰ τὴν τοῦ σκαφοειδοῦς στροφήν.
Hērakleitos kata tēn tou skaphoeidous strophēn.
Heraclitus: by the turning of the bowl.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heraclitus: the moon’s bowl turns.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.29.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.29 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.51.3 (Dindorf 2:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-51-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.51.4Dindorf 2:408
Τῶν Πυθαγορείων τινὲς ἀνταύγειαν καὶ ἐπίφραξιν γῆς, ἢ τῆς ἀντίχθονος· οἱ δὲ νεώτεροι, κατʼ ἐπινέμησιν φλογὸς κατὰ μικρὸν ἐξαπτομένης τεταγμένως ἕως ἂν τὴν τελείαν πανσέληνον ἀποδῷ, καὶ πάλιν ἀναλόγως μειουμένης μέχρι τῆς συνόδου, καθʼ ἣν τελέως σβέννυται.
Tōn Pythagoreiōn tines antaugeian kai epiphraxin gēs, ē tēs antichthonos; hoi de neōteroi, katʼ epinemēsin phlogos kata mikron exaptomenēs tetagmenōs heōs an tēn teleian panselēnon apodǭ, kai palin analogōs meioumenēs mechri tēs synodou, kathʼ hēn teleōs sbennytai.
Some of the Pythagoreans: by reflection and the blocking of the earth, or of the counter-earth; the younger ones: by the spreading of a flame kindled little by little in order until it gives the complete full moon, and again diminishing proportionally until the conjunction, when it is completely quenched.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Pythagoreans’ explanations of the moon’s phases and eclipses.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.29.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): ἴως ἂν τὴν → ἕως ἂν τὴν.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.29 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.51.4 (Dindorf 2:408; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-51-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.51.5Dindorf 2:408–409
Πλάτων, Ἀριστοτέλης, οἱ Στωϊκοὶ καὶ μαθηματικοὶ συμφωνοῦσι τὰς μὲν μηνιαίους ἀποκρύψεις συνοδεύουσαν αὐτὴν ἡλίῳ καὶ συμπεριλαμπομένην ποιεῖσθαι· τὰς δὲ ἐκλείψεις, εἰς τὸ σκίασμα τῆς γῆς ἐμπίπτουσαν μεταξὺ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ἀστέρων γινομένης, μᾶλλον δὲ τῆς σελήνης ἀντιφραττομένης.”
Platōn, Aristotelēs, hoi Stōïkoi kai mathēmatikoi symphōnousi tas men mēniaious apokrypseis synodeuousan autēn hēliǭ kai symperilampomenēn poieisthai; tas de ekleipseis, eis to skiasma tēs gēs empiptousan metaxy amphoterōn tōn asterōn ginomenēs, mallon de tēs selēnēs antiphrattomenēs.”
Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, and the mathematicians agree that the monthly disappearances happen when it travels with the sun and is outshone with it; but the eclipses when it falls into the shadow of the earth, the earth coming between the two stars, or rather the moon being blocked off.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato and others: the moon is eclipsed by the earth’s shadow.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.29.6.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line-end hyphen left in the digital text): γινο- μένης → γινομένης.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.29 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.51.5 (Dindorf 2:408–409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-51-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 52
15.52.1Dindorf 2:409
“Περὶ ἐμφάσεως αὐτῆς, καὶ διὰ τί γεώδης φαίνεται. Οἱ Πυθαγόρειοι γεώδη φαίνεσθαι τὴν σελήνην διὰ τὸ περιοικεῖσθαι αὐτὴν καθάπερ τὴν παρʼ ἡμίν γῆν μείζοσι ζῴοις καὶ φυτοῖς καλλίοσιν. εἶναι γὰρ πεντεκαιδεκαπλασίονα τὰ ἐπʼ αὐτῆς ζῷα, μηδὲν σωματικὸν ἀποκρίνοντα· καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν τοσαύτην τῷ μήκει.
“Peri emphaseōs autēs, kai dia ti geōdēs phainetai. Hoi Pythagoreioi geōdē phainesthai tēn selēnēn dia to perioikeisthai autēn kathaper tēn parʼ hēmin gēn meizosi zǭois kai phytois kalliosin. einai gar pentekaidekaplasiona ta epʼ autēs zǭa, mēden sōmatikon apokrinonta; kai tēn hēmeran tosautēn tǭ mēkei.
“On its appearance, and why it appears earthy. The Pythagoreans: that the moon appears earthy because it is inhabited round about, like the earth with us, by larger living things and finer plants. For the living things on it are fifteen times as large, giving off no bodily excretion; and the day is so much longer.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Pythagoreans: the moon is inhabited by larger creatures.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.30.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip; wrong mark in the digital text): " Περὶ ἐμφάσεως → “Περὶ ἐμφάσεως; σωματικὶν → σωματικὸν.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.30 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.52.1 (Dindorf 2:409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-52-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.52.2Dindorf 2:409
Ἀναξαγόρας ἀνωμαλότητα διὰ τοῦ συγκρίματος, διὰ τὸ ψυχροειδὲς ἅμα καὶ γεῶδες· παραμεμῖχθαι γὰρ τῷ πυροειδεῖ τὸ ζοφῶδες· ὅθεν καὶ ψευδοφαῆ λέγεσθαι τὸν ἀστέρα.
Anaxagoras anōmalotēta dia tou synkrimatos, dia to psychroeides hama kai geōdes; paramemichthai gar tǭ pyroeidei to zophōdes; hothen kai pseudophaē legesthai ton astera.
Anaxagoras: unevenness of the compound, because it is at once cold-like and earthy; for the dark is mixed with the fiery; whence the star is called falsely shining.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaxagoras: the moon’s mixed composition makes it look earthy.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.30.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip; accent slip in the digital text; line-end hyphen left in the digital text): συγκρίμα- τος → συγκρίματος; παραμεμιχθαι → παραμεμῖχθαι; ψευθοφαῆ → ψευδοφαῆ.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.30 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.52.2 (Dindorf 2:409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-52-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.52.3Dindorf 2:409
Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ, διὰ τὸ ἀερομιγὲς τῆς οὐσίας, μὴ εἶναι αὐτῆς ἀκήρατον τὸ σύγκριμα.”
Hoi Stōïkoi, dia to aeromiges tēs ousias, mē einai autēs akēraton to synkrima.”
The Stoics: because of the air-mixed nature of its substance, its compound is not pure.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: the moon’s substance is mixed with air.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.30.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.30 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.52.3 (Dindorf 2:409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-52-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 53
15.53.1Dindorf 2:409
“Περὶ τῶν ἀποστημάτων αὐτῆς. Ἐμπεδοκλῆς διπλάσιον ἀπέχειν τὴν σελήνην ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου ἤπερ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς.
“Peri tōn apostēmatōn autēs. Empedoklēs diplasion apechein tēn selēnēn apo tou hēliou ēper apo tēs gēs.
“On its distances. Empedocles: that the moon is twice as far from the sun as from the earth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles on the moon’s distance.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.31.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (quotation mark lost in the digital text): Περὶ τῶν ἀποστημάτων → “Περὶ τῶν ἀποστημάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.31 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.53.1 (Dindorf 2:409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-53-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.53.2Dindorf 2:409
Οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν μαθηματικῶν ὀκτωκαιδεκαπλάσιον.
Hoi apo tōn mathēmatikōn oktōkaidekaplasion.
Those of the mathematicians: eighteen times.
Notes and citation
Summary: The mathematicians: eighteen times.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.31.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): ὀκτωκαιθεκαπλάσιον → ὀκτωκαιδεκαπλάσιον.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.31 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.53.2 (Dindorf 2:409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-53-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.53.3Dindorf 2:409
Ἐρατοσθένης, τὸν ἥλιον ἀπέχειν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς σταδίων μυριάδας τετρακοσίας καὶ ὀκτακισμυρίας, τὴν δὲ σελήνην ἀπέχειν τῆς γῆς μυριάδας ὄη σταδίων.”
Eratosthenēs, ton hēlion apechein apo tēs gēs stadiōn myriadas tetrakosias kai oktakismyrias, tēn de selēnēn apechein tēs gēs myriadas oē stadiōn.”
Eratosthenes: that the sun is four million eighty thousand stades distant from the earth, and the moon seventy-eight myriads of stades from the earth.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Eratosthenes on the distances of sun and moon.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.31.3. “Seventy-eight” reads the numeral οη; the text has ὄη.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.31 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.53.3 (Dindorf 2:409; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-53-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 54
15.54.1Dindorf 2:409–410
Περὶ ἐνιαυτῶν. Ενιαυτός ἐστι Κρόνου μὲν ἐνιαυτῶν περίοδος λ΄· Δῖός δὲ δώδεκα, Ἄρεως δὲ δυεῖν, ἡλίου δὲ ιβ΄ μῆνες· οἶ δʼ αὐτοὶ Ἑρμοῦ καὶ Ἀφροδίτης· ἰσόδρομοι γάρ. σελήνης δὲ ἡμέραι λ΄. οὗτος γὰρ ὁ τέλειος μὴν ἀπὸ φάσεως εἰς σύνοδον.
Peri eniautōn. Eniautos esti Kronou men eniautōn periodos l΄; Dios de dōdeka, Areōs de dyein, hēliou de ib΄ mēnes; oi dʼ autoi Hermou kai Aphroditēs; isodromoi gar. selēnēs de hēmerai l΄. houtos gar ho teleios mēn apo phaseōs eis synodon.
“On years. The year of Cronus is a period of 30 years; that of Zeus, twelve; that of Ares, two; that of the sun, 12 months; and the same for Hermes and Aphrodite, for they run an equal course; and that of the moon, 30 days, for this is the complete month from first appearance to conjunction.
Notes and citation
Summary: The periods of the planets, sun, and moon.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.32.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent slip in the digital text; digitization slip (the word "month" reduced to a letter)): Πέρι ἐνιαυτῶν → Περὶ ἐνιαυτῶν; ὁ τέλειος μʼ ἀπὸ → ὁ τέλειος μὴν ἀπὸ.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.32 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.54.1 (Dindorf 2:409–410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-54-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.54.2Dindorf 2:410
Τὸν δὲ μέγαν ἐνιαυτὸν οἶ μὲν ἐν τῇ ὀκταετηρίδι τίθενται· οἷ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἐννεακαιδεκαετηρίδι· οἱ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ξʹ ἑνὸς δέουσιν. Ἡράκλειτος, ἐκ μυρίων ὀκτακισχιλίων ἡλιακῶν. Διογενὴς, ἐκ πέντε καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακοσίων ἐνιαυτῶν τοσούτων, ὅσων κατὰ Ἡράκλειτον ὁ ἐνιαυτός· ἄλλοι δὲ διὰ ψοζ΄.”
Ton de megan eniauton oi men en tę̄ oktaetēridi tithentai; hoi de en tę̄ enneakaidekaetēridi; hoi de en tois xʹ henos deousin. Hērakleitos, ek myriōn oktakischiliōn hēliakōn. Diogenēs, ek pente kai hexēkonta kai triakosiōn eniautōn tosoutōn, hosōn kata Hērakleiton ho eniautos; alloi de dia psoz΄.”
The great year some place in the eight-year cycle, others in the nineteen-year cycle, others in the sixty years less one. Heraclitus: of eighteen thousand solar years. Diogenes: of three hundred and sixty-five years of the length that a year has according to Heraclitus; others, of 777.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Opinions on the length of the great year.
- [Plutarch], Placita 2.32.2.
- The text of Plutarch gives 7,777 years; the numeral printed here is 777.
- The clause about Diogenes is obscure in the Greek; it is translated as printed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; wrong mark in the digital text): ὀκταετηρίθι → ὀκταετηρίδι; ’ξ ἑνὸς δέουσιν → ξʹ ἑνὸς δέουσιν; τριακασίων → τριακοσίων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 2.32 (Plutarch; quotation); Heraclitus (Heraclitus (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.54.2 (Dindorf 2:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-54-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.54.3Dindorf 2:410
Καὶ περὶ μὲν τῶν οὐρανίων καὶ μεταρσίων τοσαῦτα τοῖς δεδηλωμένοις πρὸς ἀλλήλους διεστασίασται. θέα δὲ καὶ τὰ περὶ γῆς.
Kai peri men tōn ouraniōn kai metarsiōn tosauta tois dedēlōmenois pros allēlous diestasiastai. thea de kai ta peri gēs.
So much, then, on things in heaven and on high have the persons we have shown been at odds with one another. Now look also at their views about the earth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Eusebius turns from the heavens to the earth.
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.54.3 (Dindorf 2:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-54-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 55
15.55.1Dindorf 2:410
“Περὶ γῆς. Θαλῆς καὶ οἱ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ μίαν εἶναι τὴν γῆν.
“Peri gēs. Thalēs kai hoi apʼ autou mian einai tēn gēn.
“On the earth. Thales and his followers: that the earth is one.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thales: the earth is one.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.9.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Περὶ γῆς. → “Περὶ γῆς..
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.55.1 (Dindorf 2:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-55-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.55.2Dindorf 2:410
Ἱκέτης ὁ Πυθαγόρειος δύο, ταύτην καὶ τὴν ἀντίχθονα.
Hiketēs ho Pythagoreios dyo, tautēn kai tēn antichthona.
Hicetas the Pythagorean: two, this one and the counter-earth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hicetas: two earths.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.9.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.55.2 (Dindorf 2:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-55-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.55.3Dindorf 2:410
Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ, τὴν γῆν μίαν καὶ πεπερασμένην.
Hoi Stōïkoi, tēn gēn mian kai peperasmenēn.
The Stoics: that the earth is one and finite.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: one finite earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.9.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.55.3 (Dindorf 2:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-55-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.55.4Dindorf 2:410
Ξενοφάνης ἐκ τοῦ κατωτέρου μέρους εἰς ἄπειρον ἐρριζῶσθαι, ἐξ ἀέρος δὲ καὶ πυρὸς συμπαγῆναι.
Xenophanēs ek tou katōterou merous eis apeiron errizōsthai, ex aeros de kai pyros sympagēnai.
Xenophanes: that from its lower part it is rooted into the infinite, and that it was compacted out of air and fire.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xenophanes on the roots of the earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.9.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.55.4 (Dindorf 2:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-55-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.55.5Dindorf 2:410
Μητρόδωρος τὴν μὲν γῆν ὑπόστασιν εἶναι καὶ τρύγα τοῦ ὕδατος, τὸν δὲ ἥλιον τοῦ ἀέρος.”
Mētrodōros tēn men gēn hypostasin einai kai tryga tou hydatos, ton de hēlion tou aeros.”
Metrodorus: that the earth is the sediment and dregs of water, and the sun of air.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Metrodorus: the earth as the sediment of water.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.9.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.9 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.55.5 (Dindorf 2:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-55-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 56
15.56.1Dindorf 2:410
“Περὶ σχήματος γῆς. Θαλῆς καὶ οἱ Στωϊκοὶ, σφαιροειδῆ τὴν γῆν.
“Peri schēmatos gēs. Thalēs kai hoi Stōïkoi, sphairoeidē tēn gēn.
“On the shape of the earth. Thales and the Stoics: that the earth is spherical.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thales and the Stoics: a spherical earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.10.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.10 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.56.1 (Dindorf 2:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-56-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.56.2Dindorf 2:410
Ἀναξίμανδρος λίθῳ κίονι προσφερῆ τῶν ἐπιπέδων.
Anaximandros lithǭ kioni prospherē tōn epipedōn.
Anaximander: that it is like a stone column, as to its flat surfaces.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximander: an earth like a column.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.10.2. The phrase "as to its flat surfaces" is compressed in the Greek.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line-end hyphen left in the digital text): ἐπι- πέδων → ἐπιπέδων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.10 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.56.2 (Dindorf 2:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-56-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.56.3Dindorf 2:410
Ἀναξιμένης τραπεζοειδῆ.
Anaximenēs trapezoeidē.
Anaximenes: shaped like a table.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximenes: a table-shaped earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.10.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.10 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.56.3 (Dindorf 2:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-56-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.56.4Dindorf 2:410
Λεύκιππος τυμπανοειδῆ.
Leukippos tympanoeidē.
Leucippus: shaped like a drum.
Notes and citation
Summary: Leucippus: a drum-shaped earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.10.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.10 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.56.4 (Dindorf 2:410; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-56-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.56.5Dindorf 2:410–411
Δημόκριτος δισκοειδῆ τῷ πλάτει, κοίλην δὲ τῷ μέσῳ.”
Dēmokritos diskoeidē tǭ platei, koilēn de tǭ mesǭ.”
Democritus: disk-shaped in breadth, but hollow in the middle.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Democritus: a disk hollow in the middle.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.10.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.10 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.56.5 (Dindorf 2:410–411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-56-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 57
15.57.1Dindorf 2:411
“Περὶ θέσεως τῆς γῆς. Οἱ ἀπὸ Θαλέω τὴν γῆν μέσην.
“Peri theseōs tēs gēs. Hoi apo Thaleō tēn gēn mesēn.
“On the position of the earth. The followers of Thales: that the earth is in the middle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thales' school: the earth at the centre.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.11.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong breathing and mark in the digital text): Οἶʼ ἀπὸ Θαλέω → Οἱ ἀπὸ Θαλέω.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.11 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.57.1 (Dindorf 2:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-57-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.57.2Dindorf 2:411
Ξενοφάνης πρώτην, εἰς ἄπειρον γὰρ ἐρριζῶσθαι.
Xenophanēs prōtēn, eis apeiron gar errizōsthai.
Xenophanes: that it is first, for it is rooted into the infinite.
Notes and citation
Summary: Xenophanes: the earth first, rooted in the infinite.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.11.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line-end hyphen left in the digital text): ἐρρι- ζῶσθαι → ἐρριζῶσθαι.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.11 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.57.2 (Dindorf 2:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-57-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.57.3Dindorf 2:411
Φιλόλαος ὁ Πυθαγόρειος τὸ μὲν πῦρ μέσον· τοῦτο γὰρ εἷναι τοῦ παντὸς ἑστίαν· δευτέραν δὲ τὴν ἀντίχθονα· τρίτην δὲ ἣν οἰκοῦμεν γῆν, ἐξ ἐναντίας κειμένην τε καὶ περιφερομένην τῇ ἀντίχθονι· παρʼ ὁ καὶ μὴ ὁρᾶσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐν τῇδε τοὺς ἐν ἐκείνῃ.
Philolaos ho Pythagoreios to men pyr meson; touto gar heinai tou pantos hestian; deuteran de tēn antichthona; tritēn de hēn oikoumen gēn, ex enantias keimenēn te kai peripheromenēn tę̄ antichthoni; parʼ ho kai mē horasthai hypo tōn en tę̄de tous en ekeinę̄.
Philolaus the Pythagorean: fire in the middle, for this is the hearth of the universe; second the counter-earth; third the earth we inhabit, lying opposite the counter-earth and carried around opposite it; and for this reason those on that one are not seen by those on this one.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philolaus: the central fire, the counter-earth, and our earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.11.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.11 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.57.3 (Dindorf 2:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-57-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.57.4Dindorf 2:411
Παρμενίδης πρῶτος ἀφώρισε τῆς γῆς τοὺς οἰκουμένους τόπους ὑπὸ ταῖς δυσὶ ζώναις ταῖς τροπικαῖς.
Parmenidēs prōtos aphōrise tēs gēs tous oikoumenous topous hypo tais dysi zōnais tais tropikais.
Parmenides first marked off the inhabited regions of the earth beneath the two tropical zones.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Parmenides on the inhabited zones.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.11.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): οἰκουμένονς → οἰκουμένους.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.11 (Plutarch; quotation); Parmenides (Parmenides (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.57.4 (Dindorf 2:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-57-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 58
15.58.1Dindorf 2:411
“Περὶ κινήσεως γῆς. Οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι μένειν τὴν γῆν.
“Peri kinēseōs gēs. Hoi men alloi menein tēn gēn.
“On the motion of the earth. The others: that the earth stays at rest.
Notes and citation
Summary: Most hold that the earth is at rest.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.13.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (wrong breathing and mark in the digital text; wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Περὶ κινήσεως → “Περὶ κινήσεως; Οἶʼ μὲν ἄλλοι → Οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.13 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.58.1 (Dindorf 2:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-58-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.58.2Dindorf 2:411
Φιλόλαος δὲ ὁ Πυθαγόρειος, κύκλῳ περιφέρεσθαι περὶ τὸ πῦρ κατὰ κύκλου λοξοῦ, ὁμοιοτρόπως ἡλίῳ καὶ σελήνῃ.
Philolaos de ho Pythagoreios, kyklǭ peripheresthai peri to pyr kata kyklou loxou, homoiotropōs hēliǭ kai selēnę̄.
But Philolaus the Pythagorean: that it is carried around the fire in an oblique circle, in the same manner as the sun and the moon.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philolaus: the earth circles the central fire.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.13.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): περιφέρερθαι → περιφέρεσθαι.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.13 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.58.2 (Dindorf 2:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-58-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.58.3Dindorf 2:411
Ἡρακλείδης ὁ Ποντικὸς καὶ Ἔκφαντος ὁ Πυθαγόρειος κινοῦσι μὲν τὴν γῆν, οὐ μὴν μεταβατικῶς, ἀλλὰ τρεπτικῶς, τροχοῦ δίκην ἐν ἄξονι στρεφομένην, ἀπὸ δυσμῶν ἐπʼ ἀνατολὰς, περὶ τὸ ἴδιον αὐτῆς κέντρον.
Hērakleidēs ho Pontikos kai Ekphantos ho Pythagoreios kinousi men tēn gēn, ou mēn metabatikōs, alla treptikōs, trochou dikēn en axoni strephomenēn, apo dysmōn epʼ anatolas, peri to idion autēs kentron.
Heraclides of Pontus and Ecphantus the Pythagorean move the earth, yet not from place to place but by turning, revolving like a wheel on an axle, from west to east, around its own center.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heraclides and Ecphantus: the earth turns on its axis.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.13.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.13 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.58.3 (Dindorf 2:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-58-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.58.4Dindorf 2:411
Δημόκριτος κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν πλάζεσθαι τὴν γῆν διά τε μικρότητα καὶ κουφότητα, πυκνωθεῖσαν δὲ τῷ χρόνῳ καὶ βαρυνθεῖσαν καταστῆναι.” Τούτων καὶ περὶ γῆς διαπεφωνημένων τοῖς γενναίοις ἄκουε καὶ τῶν περὶ θαλάσσης.
Dēmokritos katʼ archas men plazesthai tēn gēn dia te mikrotēta kai kouphotēta, pyknōtheisan de tǭ chronǭ kai baryntheisan katastēnai.” Toutōn kai peri gēs diapephōnēmenōn tois gennaiois akoue kai tōn peri thalassēs.
Democritus: that in the beginning the earth wandered because of its smallness and lightness, but that, made dense and heavy with time, it came to rest.” Since the noble men have disagreed about the earth too, hear also their views about the sea.
Notes and citation
Summary: Democritus on the earth coming to rest; Eusebius turns to the sea.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.13.4. "The noble men" is ironic.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.13 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.58.4 (Dindorf 2:411; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-58-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
Preparation 15, chapter 59
15.59.1Dindorf 2:411–412
“Περὶ θαλάσσης, πῶς συνέστη καὶ πῶς ἐστι πικρά. Ἀναξίμανδρος τὴν θάλασσάν φησιν εἷναι τῆς πρώτης ὑγρασίας λείψανον· ἧς τὸ μὲν πλεῖον μέρος ἀνεξήρανε τὸ πῦρ, τὸ δὲ ὑπολειφθὲν διὰ τὴν ἔκκαυσιν μετέβαλεν.
“Peri thalassēs, pōs synestē kai pōs esti pikra. Anaximandros tēn thalassan phēsin heinai tēs prōtēs hygrasias leipsanon; hēs to men pleion meros anexērane to pyr, to de hypoleiphthen dia tēn ekkausin metebalen.
“On the sea, how it was formed and how it is bitter. Anaximander says that the sea is the remnant of the first moisture, of which fire dried up the greater part, and the rest was changed by the burning.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaximander: the sea as the remnant of the first moisture.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.16.1.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.16 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.59.1 (Dindorf 2:411–412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-59-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.59.2Dindorf 2:412
Ἀναξαγόρας τοῦ κατʼ ἀρχὰς λιμνάζοντος ὑγροῦ περικαέντος ὑπὸ τῆς ἡλιακῆς περιφορᾶς, καὶ τοῦ λιπαροῦ λοιπὸν ὑποστῆναι. εἰς ἁλυκίδα καὶ πικρίαν τὸ λοιπὸν.
Anaxagoras tou katʼ archas limnazontos hygrou perikaentos hypo tēs hēliakēs periphoras, kai tou liparou loipon hypostēnai. eis halykida kai pikrian to loipon.
Anaxagoras: when the moisture that at first lay as a pool had been burned around by the sun's revolution, and the oily part had evaporated, the rest settled into saltiness and bitterness.
Notes and citation
Summary: Anaxagoras on why the sea is salt.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.16.2. The words of this sentence are displaced and partly lost in the digital text; it is translated by the sense the Placita gives. A stray "Empedocles", repeated from the next line, is removed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray word repeated from the next line): ὑπό τῆς ἡλιακῆς πεοιφορᾶς → ὑπὸ τῆς ἡλιακῆς περιφορᾶς; τοῦ λιπαοῦ λοιπὸν → τοῦ λιπαροῦ λοιπὸν; πικρίαν τὸ λοιπὸν Ἐμπεδοκλῆς. → πικρίαν τὸ λοιπὸν..
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.16 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.59.2 (Dindorf 2:412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-59-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.59.3Dindorf 2:412
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς ἱδρῶτα τῆς γῆς ἐκκαιομένης ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου, διὰ τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον πίλησιν.
Empedoklēs hidrōta tēs gēs ekkaiomenēs hypo tou hēliou, dia tēn epi to pleion pilēsin.
Empedocles: sweat of the earth, burned by the sun, because of its increased compression.
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles: the sea as the earth's sweat.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.16.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.16 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.59.3 (Dindorf 2:412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-59-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.59.4Dindorf 2:412
Ἀντιφῶν ἱδρῶτα τοῦ θερμοῦ, ἐξ οὗ τὸ περιληφθὲν ὑγρὸν ἀπεκρίθη, τῷ καθεψηθῆναι παραλυκίσασα, ὅπερ ἐπὶ παντὸς ἱδρῶτος συμβαίνει.
Antiphōn hidrōta tou thermou, ex hou to perilēphthen hygron apekrithē, tǭ kathepsēthēnai paralykisasa, hoper epi pantos hidrōtos symbainei.
Antiphon: sweat of the hot, from which the moisture enclosed in it was separated, which turned salty through being boiled down, as happens with all sweat.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antiphon: the sea as sweat of the hot.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.16.4. The participle rendered "turned salty" is uncertain in form.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.16 (Plutarch; quotation); Antiphon (Antiphon the Sophist; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.59.4 (Dindorf 2:412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-59-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.59.5Dindorf 2:412
Μητρόδωρος διὰ τὸ διηθεῖσθαι διὰ τῆς γῆς μετειληφέναι τοῦ περὶ αὐτὴν πάχους, καθάπερ τὰ διὰ τῆς τέφρας ὑλιζόμενα.
Mētrodōros dia to diētheisthai dia tēs gēs meteilēphenai tou peri autēn pachous, kathaper ta dia tēs tephras hylizomena.
Metrodorus: because it is strained through the earth, it has taken on some of the thickness around it, like things filtered through ashes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Metrodorus: the sea made salt by filtering through earth.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.16.5.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (column letter in the text): διὰ τῆς γῆς c μετειληφέναι → διὰ τῆς γῆς μετειληφέναι.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.16 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.59.5 (Dindorf 2:412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-59-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.59.6Dindorf 2:412
Οἱ ἀπὸ Πλάτωνος τοῦ στοιχειώδους ὕδατος τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀέρος κατὰ περίψυξιν συνιστάμενον γλυκὺ γίνεσθαι, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ γῆς κατὰ περίκαυσιν καὶ ἐκπύρωσιν ἀναθυμιώμενον ἁλμυρόν.”
Hoi apo Platōnos tou stoicheiōdous hydatos to men ex aeros kata peripsyxin synistamenon glyky ginesthai, to de apo gēs kata perikausin kai ekpyrōsin anathymiōmenon halmyron.”
The followers of Plato: of the elemental water, the part formed from air by chilling becomes sweet, while the part exhaled from earth by burning and firing becomes salty.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The Platonists on sweet and salt water.
- [Plutarch], Placita 3.16.6.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 3.16 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.59.6 (Dindorf 2:412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-59-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.59.7Dindorf 2:412
Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν καὶ περὶ θαλάσσης. ὅπως δὲ οἱ περὶ τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου οὐρανίων τε πέρι καὶ αἰθερίων καὶ τῆς τῶν ὅλων καταλήψεως φυσιολογεῖν ἐπαγγειλάμενοι οὐδὲ τὰ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς ᾔδεσαν, μάθοις ἂν ἐξ ὧν καὶ περὶ τούτων ὧδέ πως διαπεφωνήκασιν.
Tauta men oun kai peri thalassēs. hopōs de hoi peri tou pantos kosmou ouraniōn te peri kai aitheriōn kai tēs tōn holōn katalēpseōs physiologein epangeilamenoi oude ta kathʼ heautous ę̄desan, mathois an ex hōn kai peri toutōn hōde pōs diapephōnēkasin.
So much, then, on the sea. But how those who professed to give an account of nature about the whole world, things heavenly and ethereal, and the grasp of the universe, did not know even what concerned themselves, you may learn from the way they have disagreed on these matters too.
Notes and citation
Summary: Eusebius turns to their views about the soul.
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.59.7 (Dindorf 2:412; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-59-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 60
15.60.1Dindorf 2:412–413
“Περὶ μερῶν τῆς ψυχῆς. Πυθαγόρας, Πλάτων, κατὰ μὲν τὸν ἀνωτάτω λόγον, διμερῆ τὴν ψυχήν· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἔχειν λογικὸν, τὸ δὲ ἄλογον. κατὰ δὲ τὸ προσεχὲς καὶ ἀκριβὲς τριμέρη· τὸ γὰρ ἄλογον διαιροῦσιν εἴς τε τὸ θυμικὸν καὶ τὸ ἐπιθυμητικόν.
“Peri merōn tēs psychēs. Pythagoras, Platōn, kata men ton anōtatō logon, dimerē tēn psychēn; to men gar echein logikon, to de alogon. kata de to proseches kai akribes trimerē; to gar alogon diairousin eis te to thymikon kai to epithymētikon.
“On the parts of the soul. Pythagoras, Plato: by the highest account the soul has two parts, for it has one part rational and one irrational; but by the closer and more exact account, three parts, for they divide the irrational into the spirited and the desiring.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pythagoras and Plato on the parts of the soul.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.4.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line-end hyphen left in the digital text; stray mark in the digital text; wrong mark in the digital text): ‟Περὶ μερῶν → “Περὶ μερῶν; τρι- μέρη → τριμέρη; Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.60.1 (Dindorf 2:412–413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-60-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.60.2Dindorf 2:413
Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ ἐξ ὀκτὼ μερῶν συνεστάναι, πέντε τῶν αἰσθητικῶν, ὁρατικοῦ, ὀσφραντικοῦ, ἀκουστικοῦ, γευστικοῦ, ἁπτικοῦ· ἕκτου δὲ φωνητικοῦ, ἑβδόμου δὲ σπερματικοῦ, ὀγδόου δὲ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἡγεμονικοῦ, ἀφʼ οὗ ταῦτα πάντα τέτακται διὰ τῶν οἰκείων ὀργάνων, προσφερῶς ταῖς τοῦ πολύποδος πλεκτάναις.
Hoi Stōïkoi ex oktō merōn synestanai, pente tōn aisthētikōn, horatikou, osphrantikou, akoustikou, geustikou, haptikou; hektou de phōnētikou, hebdomou de spermatikou, ogdoou de autou tou hēgemonikou, aphʼ hou tauta panta tetaktai dia tōn oikeiōn organōn, prospherōs tais tou polypodos plektanais.
The Stoics: that it is composed of eight parts: five of the senses, seeing, smelling, hearing, tasting, touching; a sixth, the vocal; a seventh, the seminal; and an eighth, the ruling part itself, from which all these are extended through their own organs, like the tentacles of an octopus.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Stoics: eight parts of the soul.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.4.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line-end hyphen left in the digital text; missing breathing in the digital text; wrong breathing and mark in the digital text): Οἶʼ Στωϊκοὶ → Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ; άκουστικοῦ → ἀκουστικοῦ; πλεκτά- ναις → πλεκτάναις.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.60.2 (Dindorf 2:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-60-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.60.3Dindorf 2:413
Δημόκριτος, Ἐπίκουρος, διμερῆ τὴν ψυχὴν, τὸ μὲν λογικὸν ἔχουσαν ἐν τῷ θώρακι καθιδρυμένον, τὸ δὲ ἄλογον καθʼ ὅλην τὴν σύγκρισιν τοῦ σώματος διεσπαρμένον.
Dēmokritos, Epikouros, dimerē tēn psychēn, to men logikon echousan en tǭ thōraki kathidrymenon, to de alogon kathʼ holēn tēn synkrisin tou sōmatos diesparmenon.
Democritus, Epicurus: the soul has two parts, the rational part being seated in the chest, the irrational spread through the whole composition of the body.
Notes and citation
Summary: Democritus and Epicurus: two parts of the soul.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.4.6.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.4 (Plutarch; quotation); Epicurus (Epicurus (sayings and fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.60.3 (Dindorf 2:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-60-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.60.4Dindorf 2:413
Ὁ δὲ Δημόκριτος πάντα μετέχειν φύσει ποιᾶς, καὶ τὰ νεκρὰ τῶν σωμάτων· διότι ἀφανῶς τινος θερμοῦ καὶ αἰσθητικοῦ μετέχει, τοῦ πλείονος διαπνεομένου.
Ho de Dēmokritos panta metechein physei poias, kai ta nekra tōn sōmatōn; dioti aphanōs tinos thermou kai aisthētikou metechei, tou pleionos diapneomenou.
But Democritus: that all things by nature share in some kind of soul, even dead bodies; because each invisibly shares in something warm and capable of sensation, though the greater part is breathed away.
Notes and citation
Summary: Democritus: even dead bodies share in soul.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.4.7. The Greek printed here lacks the word "soul", which the Placita has; it is supplied in the translation from the sense.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.4 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.60.4 (Dindorf 2:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-60-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Preparation 15, chapter 61
15.61.1Dindorf 2:413
“Περὶ τοῦ ἡγεμονικοῦ. Πλάτων, Δημόκριτος, ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ κεφαλῇ.
“Peri tou hēgemonikou. Platōn, Dēmokritos, en holę̄ tę̄ kephalę̄.
“On the ruling part. Plato, Democritus: in the whole head.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plato and Democritus: the ruling part in the head.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.5.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark in the digital text): Πλάτωνʼ → Πλάτων.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.1 (Dindorf 2:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.61.2Dindorf 2:413
Στράτων ἐν μεσοφρύῳ.
Stratōn en mesophryǭ.
Strato: between the eyebrows.
Notes and citation
Summary: Strato: between the eyebrows.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.5.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.2 (Dindorf 2:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.61.3Dindorf 2:413
Ἐρασίστρατος περὶ τὴν μήνιγγα τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου, ἣν ἐπικρανίδα λέγει.
Erasistratos peri tēn mēninga tou enkephalou, hēn epikranida legei.
Erasistratus: around the membrane of the brain, which he calls the epikranis.
Notes and citation
Summary: Erasistratus: in the brain's membrane.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.5.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.3 (Dindorf 2:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.61.4Dindorf 2:413
Ἡρόφιλος ἐν τῇ τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου κοιλίᾳ, ἥτις ἐστὶ καὶ βάσις.
Hērophilos en tę̄ tou enkephalou koilią, hētis esti kai basis.
Herophilus: in the cavity of the brain, which is also its base.
Notes and citation
Summary: Herophilus: in the cavity of the brain.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.5.4.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.4 (Dindorf 2:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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15.61.5Dindorf 2:413
Παρμενίδης ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ θώρακι.
Parmenidēs en holǭ tǭ thōraki.
Parmenides: in the whole chest.
Notes and citation
Summary: Parmenides: in the chest.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.5.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.5 (Dindorf 2:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.61.6Dindorf 2:413
Ἐπίκουρος, οἷ Στωϊκοὶ πάντες, ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ.
Epikouros, hoi Stōïkoi pantes, en holę̄ tę̄ kardią.
Epicurus and all the Stoics: in the whole heart.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epicurus and the Stoics: in the heart.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.5.6.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.6 (Dindorf 2:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.61.7Dindorf 2:413
Διογενὴς ἐν τῇ ἀρτηριακῇ κοιλίᾳ τῆς καρδίας, ἥτις ἐστὶ πνευματική.
Diogenēs en tę̄ artēriakę̄ koilią tēs kardias, hētis esti pneumatikē.
Diogenes: in the arterial cavity of the heart, which is full of breath.
Notes and citation
Summary: Diogenes: in the heart's arterial cavity.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.5.7.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (column letter in the text): τῆς καρδίας, c ἥτις → τῆς καρδίας, ἥτις.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.7 (Dindorf 2:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.61.8Dindorf 2:413
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς δὲ ἐν τῇ τοῦ αἵματος συστάσει.
Empedoklēs de en tę̄ tou haimatos systasei.
Empedocles: in the composition of the blood.
Notes and citation
Summary: Empedocles: in the blood.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.5.8.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.8 (Dindorf 2:413; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.61.9Dindorf 2:413–414
Οἱ δʼ ἐν τῷ περικαρδίῳ ὑμένι· οἶ δʼ ἐν τῷ διαφράγματι. τῶν νεωτέρων τινὲς διήκειν ἀπὸ κεφαλῆς μέχρι τοῦ διαφράγματος.
Hoi dʼ en tǭ perikardiǭ hymeni; oi dʼ en tǭ diaphragmati. tōn neōterōn tines diēkein apo kephalēs mechri tou diaphragmatos.
Some: in the membrane around the heart; others: in the diaphragm. Some of the more recent: that it extends from the head to the diaphragm.
Notes and citation
Summary: Other views on where the ruling part lies.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.5.9–10.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; wrong breathing and mark in the digital text): Οἶʼ δʼ ἐν τῷ περικαρδίῳ → Οἱ δʼ ἐν τῷ περικαρδίῳ; ἀπὸ φαλῆς → ἀπὸ κεφαλῆς.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.9 (Dindorf 2:413–414; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.61.10Dindorf 2:414
Πυθαγόρας τὸ μὲν ζωτικὸν περὶ τὴν καρδίαν, τὸ δὲ λογικὸν καὶ νοερὸν περὶ τὴν κεφαλήν.”
Pythagoras to men zōtikon peri tēn kardian, to de logikon kai noeron peri tēn kephalēn.”
Pythagoras: the life-giving part around the heart, the rational and intellectual around the head.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Pythagoras: life in the heart, reason in the head.
- [Plutarch], Placita 4.5.11.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): κὰρ δίαν → καρδίαν.
Extrabiblical texts: Plutarch, Plac. 4.5 (Plutarch; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.10 (Dindorf 2:414; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.61.11Dindorf 2:414
Τοσαῦτα μὲν δὴ καὶ τὰ περὶ τῶνδε. ἆρʼ οὖν οὐκ ἐν δίκῃ σοι δοκοῦμεν κρίσει καὶ λογισμῷ τῆς τούτων ἀπάντων ἀνωφελοῦς καὶ πολυπλανοῦς ματαιοπονίας ἀνακεχωρηκέναι, καὶ τῶν μὲν εἰρημένων μηδὲν πολυπραγμονεῖν, μηδὲ γὰρ ὁρᾶν ἐξ αὐτῶν τὸ λυσιτελὲς καὶ αὐτόθεν συντεῖνον πρὸς ὠφέλειαν καὶ ἀγαθοῦ κτῆσιν ἀνθρώποις) μόνης δὲ τῆς ἀμφὶ τὸν πάντων δημιουργὸν θεὸν εὐσεβείας ἔχεσθαι, καὶ διὰ σώφρονος βίου τῆς τε ἄλλης κατʼ ἀρετὴν θεοφιλοῦς πολιτείας ἀρεσκόντως ζῆν σπουδάζειν τῷ πάντων θεῷ;
Tosauta men dē kai ta peri tōnde. arʼ oun ouk en dikę̄ soi dokoumen krisei kai logismǭ tēs toutōn apantōn anōphelous kai polyplanous mataioponias anakechōrēkenai, kai tōn men eirēmenōn mēden polypragmonein, mēde gar horan ex autōn to lysiteles kai autothen synteinon pros ōpheleian kai agathou ktēsin anthrōpois) monēs de tēs amphi ton pantōn dēmiourgon theon eusebeias echesthai, kai dia sōphronos biou tēs te allēs katʼ aretēn theophilous politeias areskontōs zēn spoudazein tǭ pantōn theǭ?
So much, then, on these matters too. Do we not seem to you, then, to have withdrawn justly, with judgment and reasoning, from the useless, many-wandering, vain toil of all these men, and not to busy ourselves at all with what has been described (for we do not see in it what is profitable and bears directly on benefit and the acquiring of good for human beings), but to hold only to piety toward God, the maker of all things, and to strive, by a self-controlled life and every other God-loving way of living by virtue, to live in a way that pleases the God of all?
Notes and citation
Summary: Eusebius: Christians rightly leave these useless questions and hold to piety toward the Creator.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.11 (Dindorf 2:414; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.
15.61.12Dindorf 2:414
ἀλλʼ εἰ καὶ σὺ βασκανίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ τὴν ἀληθῆ μαρτυρίαν ἡμῖν προσέσθαι διʼ ὄκνου φέρεις, φθάσει γέ σε πάλιν ὁ πάντων Ἑλλήνων σοφώτατος Σωκράτης τὰς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ψήφους φιλαληθῶς ἐξενηνεγμένος. τοὺς γοῦν μετεωρολέσχας ἐκείνους μωραίνοντας ἀπεδείκνυεν καὶ μηδὲν μαινομένων διαφέρειν ἔλεγεν, ἀπελέγχων αὐτοὺς διαρρήδην οὐ μόνον ὡς ἀνεφίκτων ὀρεγομένους, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ ἄχρηστα καὶ ἀνωφελῆ τῷ βίῳ κατατριβομένους. ταῦτα δέ σοι καὶ ὁ πρόσθεν μαρτυρήσει Ξενοφῶν, Σωκράτους ἑταίρων γνωριμώτατος, ὧδέ πη γράφων ἐν Ἀπομνημονευμασιν
allʼ ei kai sy baskanią kai phthonǭ tēn alēthē martyrian hēmin prosesthai diʼ oknou phereis, phthasei ge se palin ho pantōn Hellēnōn sophōtatos Sōkratēs tas hyper hēmōn psēphous philalēthōs exenēnegmenos. tous goun meteōroleschas ekeinous mōrainontas apedeiknyen kai mēden mainomenōn diapherein elegen, apelenchōn autous diarrēdēn ou monon hōs anephiktōn oregomenous, alla kai peri achrēsta kai anōphelē tǭ biǭ katatribomenous. tauta de soi kai ho prosthen martyrēsei Xenophōn, Sōkratous hetairōn gnōrimōtatos, hōde pē graphōn en Apomnēmoneumasin
But if you too, from spite and envy, are reluctant to accept our true testimony, Socrates, the wisest of all the Greeks, will once again have been before you, having cast his votes on our side in love of truth. At any rate he showed those talkers about things on high to be fools and said they differed in nothing from madmen, refuting them outright not only as reaching for the unattainable but also as wearing themselves out over things useless and unprofitable for life. Xenophon, cited earlier, the best known of Socrates' companions, will bear witness to this for you, writing somewhat as follows in the Memoirs:
Notes and citation
Summary: Socrates as a witness against the natural philosophers.
- Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.1.11–16, follows.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (line-end hyphen left in the digital text): Ἀπο- μνημονευμασιν → Ἀπομνημονευμασιν.
Extrabiblical texts: Xenophon, Mem. 1.1.11–16 (Xenophon, Memorabilia; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Eusebius, Praep. ev. 15.61.12 (Dindorf 2:414; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/eusebius-praeparatio/15-23-1/#p-15-61-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek of Dindorf's Teubner text (1867; digital text First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of E. H. Gifford (1903); differences checked against the Greek.