Against Julian (complete)
Latin text: Migne, PL 44 (Latin text: Joseph Zycha, Acta contra Fortunatum Manichaeum (CSEL 25.1, 1891), digitized by Open Greek and Latin (csel-dev, University of Leipzig), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0). Compare: Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 4 (1887), "Acts or Disputation Against Fortunatus the Manichæan.".
Chapter 5
5.46PL 44:809
Jam vero < de Joseph, cujus Mariam de Evangelio conjugem dixi (De Nuptiis et Concupiscentia, lib. i, n. i2), multa diu disputas contra sententiam meam, et conaris ostendere, < quia concubitus defuit, nullo modo fuisse conjugium : i ac per hoc, secundum te , cum destiterint concumbere conjuges, jam non erunt conjuges, et divortium erit illa cessatio. Quod ne contingat, agam sicut possunt decrepiti quod juvenes agebant, et ab hoc opere quo etiam continens nimium delectaris, nec effœtis ætate corporibus parcant. Non se cogitent quantum ad libidinis attinet incentiva, senuisse, ut possint conjuges permanere. Si hoc tibi placet, tu videris. Ego autem ( quia liberorum procreandorum causa uxores esse ducendas , honestas consentit humana, quolibet modo libidini cedat infirmitas), præter fidem quam sibi debent conjuges, ne fiant adulteria, et prolem cujus generandae causa sexus uterque miscendus est , adverti etiam tertium bonum quod esse in conjugibus debet, maxime pertinentibus ad populum Dei, quod mihi visum est esse aliquod sacramentum, ne divortium fiat vel ab ea conjuge quae non potest parere, vel sicut fecisse Cato perhibetur (Plutarch. in ejus Vita, ct Lucan. lib. 2), ne ab eo viro qui plures non vult suscipere filios, alteri fetanda tradatur (De Nuptiis et Concupiscentia, lib. 1, n. ii. Propter hoc in illo quod secundum Evangelium conjugium nuncupavi, omnia tria bona nuptiarum dixi esse completa ; fidem, quia nullum adulterium ; prolem, ipsum Dominum Christum ; sacramentum, quia nullum divortium. t Non ergo quia dixi omne nuptiarum, id est, hoc tripartitum bonum , in illis Christi parentibus fuisse completum; propterea hoc dixisse putari debeo, sicut insimulas, < ut quidquid aliter fuerit, malum esse videatur. » Dico enim et aliter bonum esse conjugium, ubi proles nisi per concubitum non potest procreari. Si enim aliter posset, et tamen concumberent conjuges, apertissime libidini cederent, atque illo malo uterentur male : cum vero propter quod sexus ambo sunt instituti, nisi eorum commixtione non nascitur homo; propter hoc mixti conjuges illo malo utuntur bene : si autem de libidine quaerunt etiam voluptatem, venialiter male.
Now, regarding Joseph, whose wife I said Mary was called according to the Gospel, you argue at length against my view and try to show that, because intercourse was lacking, there was in no way a marriage; and so, according to you, when spouses have stopped having intercourse they will no longer be spouses, and that cessation will be a divorce. Lest this happen, let the decrepit do as best they can what they did as young men, and not spare their bodies, worn out by age, from this work in which you, though continent, delight so excessively. Let them not think that they have grown old as far as the incitements of lust are concerned, so that they may remain spouses. If this pleases you, see to it yourself. But I (since human decency agrees that wives are to be taken for the sake of procreating children, in whatever way weakness yields to lust), besides the faith which spouses owe each other, lest adulteries occur, and the offspring for the sake of whose begetting each sex is to be joined, have noticed also a third good which ought to be in spouses, especially those belonging to the people of God, which seemed to me to be a kind of sacrament: that there be no divorce, either from a wife who cannot bear children, or, as Cato is reported to have done, that a wife not be handed over to another man to be made pregnant by a husband who does not wish to take up more children. For this reason, in that union which according to the Gospel I called a marriage, I said that all three goods of marriage were fulfilled: faith, because there was no adultery; offspring, the Lord Christ himself; sacrament, because there was no divorce. So, because I said that the whole good of marriage, that is, this threefold good, was fulfilled in those parents of Christ, I ought not to be thought to have said, as you allege, “that whatever was otherwise seems to be evil.” For I say that marriage is good otherwise too, where offspring cannot be procreated except through intercourse. For if it could be otherwise, and spouses still had intercourse, they would most plainly be yielding to lust and using that evil badly; but since, for the purpose for which both sexes were instituted, a human being is not born except by their union, spouses who unite for this reason use that evil well; but if they seek pleasure too from lust, they use it badly, but venially.
Matt 1:18–20 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 1:24 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Augustine defends his view that Joseph and Mary had a true marriage without intercourse, since marriage has three goods, faith, offspring, and sacrament (no divorce), and says the end of intercourse is not a divorce.
- Augustine names the “sacrament” of marriage, its indissolubility, as excluding divorce even of a barren wife, and cites Cato the Younger's handing over of his wife Marcia to Hortensius (Plutarch, Cato Minor 25; Lucan 2.326–391) as a contrary pagan example; translated as written. He refers to his On Marriage and Concupiscence 1.12–13 (Migne's references). Quotations and allusions: Matt 1:18–20, 24. Many OCR slips; the clearest corrected, the rest translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip; OCR slip; stray mark; OCR slips; OCR slips; hyphenation; OCR slips; stray marks; joined words; OCR slips): cuju: Mariam t tede Evangelio c conjugem i dixi → cujus Mariam de Evangelio conjugem dixi; sententiam mcam → sententiam meam; sccundum te → secundum te; ct divortium crit illa cessatio → et divortium erit illa cessatio; quod jnvencs agcbant, ct ab hoc → quod juvenes agebant, et ab hoc; nea effœtis 2 ætate → nec effœtis ætate; altinet incentiva, senuissc → attinet incentiva, senuisse; Si hoc tibi placct. tu vidcris → Si hoc tibi placet, tu videris; quia libcrorum procreandorum → quia liberorum procreandorum; libidini ccdat infirmitas), prætcr fidem → libidini cedat infirmitas), præter fidem; et prolcm cujus gcnerandac causa sexus terque → et prolem cujus generandae causa sexus uterque; adverti etiam tcriium bonum → adverti etiam tertium bonum; quod milii visum → quod mihi visum; ne divortium fiat vcl ab ca conjuge quaa non → ne divortium fiat vel ab ea conjuge quae non; sicut fccisse Cato → sicut fecisse Cato; pluresnon vult suscipere filius, alteri fetanda tradatar → plures non vult suscipere filios, alteri fetanda tradatur; in i!!o qnod secundum Evangelium con - . jugium → in illo quod secundum Evangelium conjugium; dixi essc completa ; c ndc:n, quia → dixi esse completa ; fidem, quia; Non crgo quia → Non ergo quia; propterca hoc → propterea hoc; malum csse videatur → malum esse videatur; Si cnim aliter → Si enim aliter; atquc illo malo → atque illo malo; inStituti, nisi corum commixtione → instituti, nisi eorum commixtione; vcnialitcr male → venialiter male.
Extrabiblical texts: Augustine, Nupt. conc. 1.12-13 (On Marriage and Concupiscence; allusion); Plutarch, Cat. Min. 25 (Plutarch; allusion); Lucan, 2.326-391 (Lucan, Civil War; allusion)
Topics: Marriage, Divorce and remarriage, Christology, Mary, mother of Jesus, Perpetual virginity of Mary
Cite (SBL): Augustine, C. Jul. 5.46 (PL 44:809; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/augustine-contra-iulianum/5-46). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/augustine-contra-iulianum/5-46
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the original; no public-domain English translation of these passages exists, so the translation was re-read against the original.