To Autolycus 3.21

Summary: Manetho's slanders (that the Hebrews were expelled lepers) are refuted, but he confirms that they were shepherds who left Egypt, long before the Trojan War.

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Greek text · Otto 8:240–244

Μαναιθὼς δέ, ὁ κατʼ Αἰγυπτίους πολλὰ φλυαρήσας, ἔτι μὴν καὶ βλάσφημα εἰπὼν εἴς τε Μωσέα καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ Ἑβραίους, ὡς δῆθεν διὰ λέπραν ἐκβληθέντας ἐκ τῆς Αἰγύπτου, οὐχ εὗρεν τὸ ἀκριβὲς τῶν χρόνων εἰπεῖν. Ποιμένας μὲν γὰρ αὐτοὺς εἰπὼν καὶ πολεμίους Αἰγυπτίων, τὸ μὲν ποιμένας ἄκων εἶπεν, ἐλεγχόμενος ὑπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας· ἦσαν γὰρ ὄντως ποιμένες οἱ προπάτορες ἡμῶν, οἱ παροικήσαντες ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, ἀλλʼ οὐ λεπροί. Παραγενόμενοι γὰρ εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴν καλουμένην Ἱεροσόλυμα, ἔνθα καὶ μεταξὺ κατῴκησαν, δηλοῦται ᾧ τρόπῳ οἱ ἱερεῖς αὐτῶν, διὰ προστάγματος θεοῦ προσκαρτεροῦντες τῷ ναῷ, τότε ἐθεράπευον πᾶσαν νόσον, ὥστε καὶ λεπρῶντας καὶ πάντα μῶμον ἰῶντο. Ναὸν ᾠκοδόμησεν Σολομὼν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς Ἰουδαίας. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ πεπλανῆσθαι τὸν Μαναιθὼ περὶ τῶν χρόνων ἐκ τῶν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ εἰρημένων δῆλόν ἐστιν· ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ ἐκβαλόντος αὐτούς, Φαραὼ τοὔνομα. Οὐκέτι γὰρ αὐτῶν ἐβασίλευσεν· καταδιώξας γὰρ Ἑβραίους μετὰ τοῦ στρατεύματος κατεποντίσθη εἰς τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν. Ἔτι μὴν καὶ οὓς ἔφη ποιμένας πεπολεμηκέναι τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους ψεύδεται· πρὸ ἐτῶν γὰρ τριακοσίων δεκατριῶν ἐξῆλθον ἐκ τῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ ᾤκησαν ἔκτοτε τὴν χώραν, τὴν ἔτι καὶ νῦν καλουμένην Ἰουδαίαν, πρὸ τοῦ καὶ Δαναὸν εἰς Ἄργος ἀφικέσθαι. Ὅτι δὲ τοῦτον ἀρχαιότερον ἡγοῦνται τῶν λοιπῶν κατὰ Ἕλληνας οἱ πλείους, σαφές ἐστιν. Ὥστε ὁ Μαναιθὼς δύο τάξεις ἄκων τῆς ἀληθείας μεμήνυκεν ἡμῖν διὰ τῶν αὐτοῦ γραμμάτων, πρῶτον μὲν ποιμένας αὐτοὺς ὁμολογήσας, δεύτερον εἰπὼν καὶ τὸ ἐξεληλυθέναι αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου· ὥστε καὶ ἐκ τούτων τῶν ἀναγραφῶν δείκνυσθαι προγενέστερον εἶναι τὸν Μωσῆν καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ ἐνακοσίους ἢ καὶ χιλίους [ἐνιαυτοὺς] πρὸ τοῦ Ἰλιακοῦ πολέμου.

English · Claude translation

Manetho, who talked a great deal of nonsense on behalf of the Egyptians, and even said blasphemous things against Moses and the Hebrews with him, as though they had been driven out of Egypt because of leprosy, did not manage to state the chronology accurately. In calling them shepherds and enemies of the Egyptians, he said “shepherds” against his will, convicted by the truth; for our forefathers who sojourned in Egypt were indeed shepherds, but not lepers. When they came to the land called Jerusalem, where they afterward settled, it is shown how their priests, attending the temple by God's command, used to heal every disease, so that they cured even lepers and every blemish. It was Solomon, the king of Judea, who built the temple. That Manetho was wrong about the chronology is clear from what he himself said; and also about the king who drove them out, whose name was Pharaoh. For he reigned over them no longer: he pursued the Hebrews with his army and was drowned in the Red Sea. He also lies in saying that those he called shepherds made war on the Egyptians; for they had left Egypt 313 years earlier, and from then on lived in the country that is still called Judea, before Danaus even came to Argos. And it is clear that most people consider Danaus more ancient than the other Greek figures. So Manetho, without meaning to, has pointed us to two points of truth in his writings: first, he admitted that they were shepherds; second, he said that they left the land of Egypt. So from these records too it is shown that Moses and those with him lived nine hundred or even a thousand [years] before the Trojan War.

About this passage

Source
Otto 8:240–244 · Johann Carl Theodor Otto, ed., Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres, Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8 (Jena: Mauke, 1861) · Greek text: J. C. T. Otto, Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres (Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8, 1861), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Otto (1861); made independently of existing English translations.
Scripture
Extrabiblical texts
  • Josephus, C. Ap. 1.227–287 (Josephus (works)) · allusion, medium confidence
Topics
Scripture and canon

Notes

Translation notes

  • Manetho's account and its refutation come from Josephus, Against Apion 1.227–287. The bracketed word is supplied by the editor.

Cite this passage

Theophilus, Autol. 3.21 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/3/21/).

Plain text
Theophilus, Autol. 3.21 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/3/21/).

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