To Autolycus 2.6

Summary: Hesiod's account of creation begins from Chaos but never says who shaped it; only God can have made and ordered matter.

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Greek text · Otto 8:60–62

Καὶ ὕλην μὲν τρόπῳ τινὶ ὑποτίθεται καὶ κόσμου ποίησιν, λέγων· Ἤτοι μὲν πρώτιστα Χάος γένετʼ, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Γαῖʼ εὐρύστερνος, πάντων ἕδος ἀσφαλὲς αἰεὶ Ἀθανάτων, οἳ ἔχουσι κάρη νιφόεντος Ὀλύμπου, Τάρταρά τʼ ἠερόεντα, μυχὸν χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης, Ἠδʼ Ἔρος, ὃς κάλλιστος ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι, Λυσιμελής, πάντων τε θεῶν πάντων τʼ ἀνθρώπων Δάμναται ἐν στήθεσσι νόον καὶ ἐπίφρονα βουλήν. Ἐκ Χάεος δʼ Ἔρεβός τε μέλαινά τε Νὺξ ἐγένοντο. Γαῖα δέ τοι πρῶτον μὲν ἐγείνατο ἶσον ἑωυτῇ Οὐρανὸν ἀστερόενθʼ, ἵνα μιν περὶ πάντα καλύπτῃ, Ὄφρʼ εἴη μακάρεσσι θεοῖς ἕδος ἀσφαλὲς αἰεί· Γείνατο δʼ Οὔρεα μακρά, θεᾶν χαρίεντας ἐναύλους Νυμφέων, αἳ ναίουσιν ἀνʼ οὔρεα βησσήεντα· Ἣ καὶ ἀτρύγετον πέλαγος τέκεν οἴδματι θῦον, Πόντον, ἄτερ φιλότητος ἐφιμέρου· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Οὐρανῷ εὐνηθεῖσα τέκʼ Ὠκεανὸν βαθυδίνην. Καὶ ταῦτα εἰπὼν οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐδήλωσεν ὑπὸ τίνος ἐγένοντο Εἰ γὰρ ἐν πρώτοις ἦν χάος, καὶ ὕλη τις προϋπέκειτο ἀγένητος οὖσα, τίς ἄρα ἦν ὁ ταύτην μετασκευάζων καὶ μεταῤῥυθμίζων καὶ μεταμορφῶν; Πότερον αὐτὴ ἑαυτὴν ἡ ὕλη μετεσχημάτιζεν καὶ ἐκόσμει; Ὁ γὰρ Ζεὺς μετὰ χρόνον πολὺν γεγένηται, οὐ μόνον τῆς ὕλης ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ κόσμου καὶ πλήθους ἀνθρώπων· ἔτι μὴν καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ Κρόνος. Ἢ μᾶλλον ἦν κύριόν τι τὸ ποιῆσαν αὐτήν, λέγω δὲ θεός, ὁ καὶ κατακοσμήσας αὐτήν; Ἔτι μὴν κατὰ πάντα τρόπον φλυαρῶν εὑρίσκεται καὶ ἐναντία ἑαυτῷ λέγων. Εἰπὼν γὰρ γῆν καὶ οὐρανὸν καὶ θάλασσαν ἐξ αὐτῶν τοὺς θεοὺς βούλεται γεγονέναι, καὶ ἐκ τούτων ἀνθρώπους δεινοτάτους τινὰς συγγενεῖς θεῶν καταγγέλλει, Τιτάνων γένος καὶ Κυκλώπων καὶ Γιγάντων πληθύν, τῶν τε κατὰ Αἴγυπτον δαιμόνων, ἢ ματαίων ἀνθρώπων, ὡς μέμνηται Ἀπολλωνίδης, ὁ καὶ Ὁράπιος ἐπικληθείς, ἐν βίβλῳ τῇ ἐπιγραφομένῃ Σεμενουθὶ καὶ ταῖς λοιπαῖς κατʼ αὐτὸν ἱστορίαις περί τε τῆς θρησκείας τῆς Αἰγυπτιακῆς καὶ τῶν βασιλέων αὐτῶν.

English · Claude translation

In a way Hesiod supposes both matter and the making of the world, when he says: “First of all Chaos came to be, and then broad-breasted Earth, a secure seat forever for all the immortals who hold the peaks of snowy Olympus, and misty Tartarus in a recess of the wide-wayed earth, and Eros, fairest among the immortal gods, who loosens the limbs and overpowers the mind and wise counsel in the breasts of all gods and all men. From Chaos came Erebus and black Night. And Earth first bore, equal to herself, starry Heaven, to cover her all around and to be a secure seat forever for the blessed gods; and she bore the tall Mountains, pleasant haunts of the goddess Nymphs who dwell in the wooded mountains. She also bore the barren sea raging with its swell, Pontus, without the union of love; and then, lying with Heaven, she bore deep-eddying Ocean.” Yet in saying this he did not show by whom these things came to be. If in the beginning there was chaos, and some matter already lay there, uncreated, who was it that refashioned, reordered, and transformed it? Did matter reshape and adorn itself? For Zeus came into being long afterward, not only after matter but after the world and a multitude of human beings, and so did his father Kronos. Or was there rather some sovereign power that made matter, I mean God, who also set it in order? Moreover, Hesiod is found talking nonsense in every way and contradicting himself. Having spoken of earth, heaven, and sea, he would have the gods come from them, and from these he proclaims certain most terrible beings, kinsmen of the gods: the race of the Titans and the Cyclopes and a multitude of Giants, and the Egyptian demons, or rather vain men, as Apollonides, also called Horapius, records in his book entitled Semenouthi and in his other histories of the Egyptian religion and of their kings.

About this passage

Source
Otto 8:60–62 · Johann Carl Theodor Otto, ed., Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres, Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8 (Jena: Mauke, 1861) · Greek text: J. C. T. Otto, Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres (Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8, 1861), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Otto (1861); made independently of existing English translations.
Extrabiblical texts
  • Hesiod, Theog. 116–133 (Hesiod, Theogony) · quotation, high confidence

Notes

Translation notes

  • Hesiod, Theogony 116–133.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (misprint: εἰκὼν for εἰπὼν (“saying”); misprint: ωὐτήν for αὐτήν): Καὶ ταῦτα εἰκὼν → Καὶ ταῦτα εἰπὼν; κατακοσμήσας ωὐτήν → κατακοσμήσας αὐτήν.

Cite this passage

Theophilus, Autol. 2.6 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/2/6/).

Plain text
Theophilus, Autol. 2.6 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/2/6/).

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