Seven Books of History against the Pagans 3.14.1–3.22.15
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 3, chapter 14
3.14.1CSEL 5:166
Postea Philippus cruentissimam uictoriam in Thebanos et Lacedaemonios exercuit: siquidem principes ciuitatum alios securi percussit, alios in exilium egit, omnes bonis priuauit.
Afterwards Philip exercised a most bloody victory over the Thebans and Lacedaemonians: for he beheaded some of the leading men of the cities, drove others into exile, and deprived all of their goods.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip punished Thebes and Sparta.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): cruentissimam nictoriam → cruentissimam uictoriam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.14.1 (CSEL 5:166; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.14.2CSEL 5:166
pulsos dudum a ciuibus in patriam restituit: ex quibus trecentos exules iudices rectoresque praefecit, qui ut antiquum dolorem noua potestate curarent, pressos infeliciter populos in spem libertatis respirare non sinerent.
Those long since driven out by their citizens he restored to their country; of these he set three hundred exiles as judges and rulers, who, to heal an old grief with new power, would not let the unhappily oppressed peoples breathe again in hope of liberty.
Notes and citation
Summary: He installed exiles as rulers.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.14.2 (CSEL 5:166; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.14.3CSEL 5:166–167
praeterea magno dilectu militum in subsidium regiae dispositionis ex tota Graecia habito, ducenta milia peditum et quindecim milia equitum absque exercitu Macedonum et infinita gentium barbaria Persicae expeditioni in Asiam missurus instruxit.
Moreover, having held a great levy of soldiers from all Greece in support of the royal arrangements, he prepared two hundred thousand foot and fifteen thousand horse, besides the army of the Macedonians and a boundless barbarism of nations, to send on a Persian expedition into Asia.
Notes and citation
Summary: He prepared an invasion of Persia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.14.3 (CSEL 5:166–167; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.14.4CSEL 5:167
tres duces hoc est Parmenionem Amyntam et Attalum praemittendos in Persas legit. et dum suprascriptae copiae de Graecia congregantur, Alexandri — qui erat Olympiadis uxoris suae frater et post a Sabinis in Lucania prostratus est —, quem Epiri regem ob mercedem stupri in eum perpetrati constituerat, nuptias in copulando ei filiam suam Cleopatram celebrare decreuit.
He chose three generals, that is, Parmenio, Amyntas and Attalus, to send ahead against the Persians. And while the forces written above were being gathered from Greece, he decided to celebrate the marriage of Alexander (who was the brother of his wife Olympias and was afterwards struck down by the Sabines in Lucania, and whom he had made king of Epirus as the price of the debauchery he had committed on him), joining him to his daughter Cleopatra.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip arranged his daughter's marriage to Alexander of Epirus.
- 'Sabines' is probably a slip for Samnites or Bruttians (cf. 3.11.1, 3.18.3).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.14.4 (CSEL 5:167; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.14.5CSEL 5:167
qui cum pridie quam occideretur interrogatus fuisset, quis finis homini magis esset optandus, respondisse fertur, eam esse optimum, qui uiro forti post uirtutum suarum glorias in pace regnanti sine conflictatione corporis et dedecore animi subitus et celer inopinato ferro potuisset accidere: quod ipsi mox obtigit.
When he had been asked, the day before he was killed, what end a man should most desire, he is said to have answered that the best was one that could befall a brave man suddenly and swiftly by an unexpected sword, after the glories of his virtues, while he reigned in peace, without struggle of body or disgrace of mind: and this soon happened to him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip wished for a sudden death, and got it.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): cocideretur → occideretur.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.14.5 (CSEL 5:167; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.14.6CSEL 5:167–168
nec ab iratis dis, quos parui semper penderat quorumque aras templa et simulacra subuerterat, quin electissimam ut ipsi uidebatur mortem adipisceretur, potuit inpediri.
Nor could he be prevented by the angry gods, whom he had always held of little account and whose altars, temples and images he had overthrown, from obtaining the death most chosen, as it seemed to him.
Notes and citation
Summary: The gods could not stop him getting the death he wanted.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.14.6 (CSEL 5:167–168; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.14.7CSEL 5:168
nam die nuptiarum cum ad ludos magnifice apparatos inter duos Alexandros filium generumque contenderet, a Pausania nobili Macedonum adulescente in angustiis sine custodibus circumuentus occisus est.
For on the day of the wedding, when he was going to magnificently prepared games between the two Alexanders, his son and his son-in-law, he was surrounded and killed in a narrow passage without guards by Pausanias, a noble Macedonian youth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pausanias assassinated Philip.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.14.7 (CSEL 5:168; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.14.8CSEL 5:168
Adserant nunc multisque haec uocibus efferant quasi uirorum fortium laudes et facta felicia, quibus amarissimae aliorum calamitates in dulces fabulas cedunt, si tamen numquam ipsi iniurias, quibus aliquando uexantur, relatu tristiore deplorant.
Let them now assert and extol with many words these things as the praises of brave men and fortunate deeds, men for whom the most bitter calamities of others turn into sweet tales; if only they themselves never lament, in a sadder telling, the injuries by which they are sometimes vexed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Those who enjoy tales of others' calamities lament their own.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): numquam. ipsi → numquam ipsi.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.14.8 (CSEL 5:168; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.14.9CSEL 5:168
si uero de propriis querimoniis tantum alios audientes adfici uolunt, quantum ipsi perpetiendo senserunt, prius ipsi non praesentibus praeterita sed gestis gesta conparent et utraque ex auditu uelut alienorum arbitri iudicent.
But if they want others, hearing their own complaints, to be affected as much as they felt in suffering them, let them first compare not past with present, but deeds with deeds, and judge both from hearing, as arbiters of others' affairs.
Notes and citation
Summary: Let them compare like with like, impartially.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): uelut alienorum arbitri indicant → uelut alienorum arbitri iudicent.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.14.9 (CSEL 5:168; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.14.10CSEL 5:168
per uiginti et quinque annos incendia ciuitatum, excidia bellorum, subiectiones prouinciarum, caedes hominum, opum rapinas, praedas pecorum, mortuorum uenditiones captiuitatesque uiuorum unius regis fraus ferocia et dominatus agitauit.
For twenty-five years the fraud, ferocity and domination of one king drove on the burnings of cities, the destructions of wars, the subjugations of provinces, the slaughter of men, the plundering of wealth, the seizing of cattle, the sale of the dead and the captivity of the living.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip's twenty-five years of destruction.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.14.10 (CSEL 5:168; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-14-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 15
3.15.1CSEL 5:168–169
sufficerent ista ad exemplum miseriarum insinuata memoriae nostrae gesta per Philippum, etiamsi Alexander ei non successisset in regnum. cuius bella immo sub cuius bellis mundi mala ordine sequentia suspendo paulisper, ut in hoc loco pro conuenientia temporum Romana subiciam.
These deeds done by Philip, brought to our memory, would be enough as an example of miseries, even if Alexander had not succeeded him in the kingdom. His wars, or rather the evils of the world following in order under his wars, I suspend for a little, so that here, for the correspondence of the times, I may insert Roman affairs.
Notes and citation
Summary: Before Alexander, he turns to Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.15.1 (CSEL 5:168–169; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.15.2CSEL 5:169
Anno ab Vrbe condita CCCCXXVI Caudinas furculas satis celebres et famosas insignis Romanorum fecit infamia. nam cum superiore bello uiginti milia Samnitum Fabio magistro equitum pugnam conserente cecidissent, circumspectiore cura Samnites ac magis instructo apparatu apud Caudinas furculas consederunt;
In the 426th year from the founding of the City, a notable infamy of the Romans made the Caudine Forks very celebrated and famous. For when in the earlier war twenty thousand Samnites had fallen, Fabius the master of horse joining battle, the Samnites, with more circumspect care and better-prepared equipment, encamped at the Caudine Forks;
Notes and citation
Summary: The Samnites encamped at the Caudine Forks.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.15.2 (CSEL 5:169; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.15.3CSEL 5:169
ubi cum Veturium et Postumium consules omnesque copias Romanorum angustiis locorum armisque clausissent, Pontius dux eorum in tantum abusus est uictoriae securitate, ut Herennium patrem consulendum putaret, utrum occideret clausos an parceret subiugatis: ut uiuos tamen dedecori reseruaret, elegit.
there, when they had shut in the consuls Veturius and Postumius and all the forces of the Romans by the narrowness of the places and by arms, Pontius their leader so abused the security of victory that he thought he should consult his father Herennius whether to kill the trapped men or spare them when subjugated: he chose to keep them alive for disgrace.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pontius trapped the Roman army and chose to humiliate it.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ubi oum Veturium → ubi cum Veturium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.15.3 (CSEL 5:169; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.15.4CSEL 5:169–170
Romanos enim antea saepissime uinci et occidi, numquam autem capi aut ad deditionem cogi potuisse constabat.
For it was agreed that the Romans had very often before been defeated and killed, but never captured or forced to surrender.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome had never before surrendered.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.15.4 (CSEL 5:169–170; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.15.5CSEL 5:170
itaque Samnites uictoria potiti uniuersum exercitum Romanum turpiter captum armis etiam uestimentisque nudatum, tantum singulis uilioribus operimentis ob uerecunda corporum tegenda concessis, sub iugum missum seruitioque subiectum, longum agere pompae ordinem praeceperunt.
So the Samnites, having gained the victory, ordered the whole Roman army, shamefully captured, stripped even of arms and clothing, with only single cheaper coverings allowed each for covering the private parts of the body, sent under the yoke and subjected to slavery, to lead a long procession.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Romans were sent under the yoke.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Samnites nictoria → Samnites uictoria.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.15.5 (CSEL 5:170; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.15.6CSEL 5:170
sescentis autem equitibus Romanis in obsidatum receptis oneratos ignominia, ceteris rebus uacuos consules remiserunt.
Receiving six hundred Roman knights as hostages, they sent the consuls back, loaded with ignominy, emptied of all else.
Notes and citation
Summary: The consuls were sent home in disgrace.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sesoentis → sescentis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.15.6 (CSEL 5:170; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.15.7CSEL 5:170
Quid de exaggeranda huius foedissimi foederis macula uerbis laborem, qui tacere maluissem? hodie enim Romani aut omnino non essent aut Samnio dominante seruirent, si fidem foederis, quam sibi seruari a subiectis nolunt, ipsi subiecti Samnitibus seruauissent.
Why should I labour in words to exaggerate the stain of this foulest treaty, I who would rather have been silent? For today the Romans would either not exist at all or would be slaves under Samnite domination, if they, when subject to the Samnites, had kept the faith of the treaty which they do not want kept toward themselves by their subjects.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome survived only by breaking the treaty.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.15.7 (CSEL 5:170; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.15.8CSEL 5:170
Posteriore anno infringunt Romani firmatam cum Samnitibus pactionem eosque in bellum cogunt, quod Papirio consule insistente commissum magnas strages utriusque populi dedit.
In the following year the Romans broke the agreement confirmed with the Samnites and forced them into war; joined under the pressure of the consul Papirius, it caused great slaughter on both peoples.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome broke the treaty and renewed war.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): firmatam curii Samnitibus → firmatam cum Samnitibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.15.8 (CSEL 5:170; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.15.9CSEL 5:170–171
cum hinc ira recentis infamiae, inde gloria proximae uictoriae pugnantes instimularet, tandem Romani pertinaciter moriendo uicerunt; nec caedi pariter uel caedere destiterunt, nisi postquam uictis Samnitibus et capto duci eorum iugum reposuerunt.
While on the one side anger at the recent disgrace, on the other the glory of the recent victory spurred the fighters on, at last the Romans conquered by stubbornly dying; nor did they cease from being killed and killing alike until, the Samnites conquered and their leader captured, they put the yoke back on them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome won and put the Samnites under the yoke.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.15.9 (CSEL 5:170–171; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.15.10CSEL 5:171
idem deinde Papirius Satricum expulso inde Samnitico praesidio expugnauit et cepit. hic autem Papirius adeo tunc apud Romanos bellicosissimus ac strenuissimus habebatur, ut cum Alexander Magnus disponere diceretur ab Oriente descendens obtinere uiribus Africam atque inde in Italiam transuehi, Romani inter ceteros duces tunc in republica sua optimos hunc praecipuum fore qui Alexandri impetum sustinere posset meditarentur.
Then the same Papirius stormed and took Satricum, after driving out the Samnite garrison. This Papirius was then held among the Romans so very warlike and vigorous that, when Alexander the Great was said to be planning, coming down from the East, to take Africa by force and from there cross into Italy, the Romans reckoned that among the other generals, then the best in their commonwealth, he would be the foremost who could withstand Alexander's onset.
Notes and citation
Summary: Papirius was thought Rome's answer to Alexander.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.15.10 (CSEL 5:171; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-15-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 16
3.16.1CSEL 5:171
Igitur Alexander anno ab Vrbe condita CCCCXXVI patri Philippo successit in regnum: qui primam experientiam animi et uirtutis suae conpressis celeriter Graecorum motibus dedit, quibus auctor, ut ab imperio Macedonum deficerent, Demosthenes orator auro Persarum corruptus exstiterat.
So Alexander, in the 426th year from the founding of the City, succeeded his father Philip in the kingdom. He gave the first proof of his spirit and courage by swiftly crushing the movements of the Greeks, whose author, in urging them to revolt from the rule of the Macedonians, had been the orator Demosthenes, corrupted by Persian gold.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander succeeded Philip and crushed a Greek revolt.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; mixed letters in the numeral): Igitnr → Igitur; ccccxxvɪ → CCCCXXVI.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.1 (CSEL 5:171; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.2CSEL 5:171–172
itaque Atheniensibus bellum deprecantibus remisit, quos insuper etiam multae metu soluit; Thebanos cum diruta ciuitate deleuit, reliquos sub corona uendidit; ceteras urbes Achaiae et Thessaliae uectigales fecit; Illyrios quoque et Thracas translato mox abhinc bello domuit.
So he spared the Athenians when they begged off the war, and moreover released them from fear of a fine; the Thebans he destroyed together with their demolished city and sold the rest at auction; the other cities of Achaia and Thessaly he made tributary; the Illyrians and Thracians too he soon subdued, transferring the war there.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander destroyed Thebes and subdued Greece.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray bracket): cum (diruta → cum diruta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.2 (CSEL 5:171–172; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.3CSEL 5:172
inde profecturus ad Persicum bellum omnes cognatos ac proximos suos interfecit. in exercitu eius fuere peditum XXXII milia, equitum IIII milia quingenti, naues CLXXX. hac tam parua manu uniuersum terrarum orbem utrum admirabilius sit quia uicerit an quia adgredi ausus fuerit incertum est.
Then, as he was about to set out for the Persian war, he killed all his kinsmen and nearest relatives. In his army there were thirty-two thousand foot, four thousand five hundred horse, a hundred and eighty ships. With so small a band, whether it is more wonderful that he conquered the whole world or that he dared to attack it is uncertain.
Notes and citation
Summary: With a small army Alexander set out against Persia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; garbled numeral): exeroitu → exercitu; equitum nn milia → equitum IIII milia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.3 (CSEL 5:172; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.4CSEL 5:172
primo eius cum Dario rege congressu sescenta milia Persarum in acie fuere, quae non minus arte Alexandri superata quam uirtute Macedonum terga uerterunt. magna igitur caedes Persarum fuit. in exercitu Alexandri cxx equites et nouem tantum pedites defuere.
In his first engagement with King Darius there were six hundred thousand Persians in the battle line, who, overcome no less by the skill of Alexander than by the courage of the Macedonians, turned their backs. So there was a great slaughter of Persians. In Alexander's army a hundred and twenty horsemen and only nine foot soldiers were lost.
Notes and citation
Summary: At the Granicus the Persians were routed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.4 (CSEL 5:172; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.5CSEL 5:172–173
deinde Gordien Phrygiae ciuitatem, quae nunc Sardis uocitatur, obsessam oppugnatamque cepit ac direptioni dedit inde nuntiato sibi Darii cum magnis copiis aduentu, timens angustias quibus inerat locorum, Taurum montem mira celeritate transcendit et quingentis stadiis sub uno die cursu transmissis, Tarsum uenit, ibique cum sudans in Cydnum praefrigidum amnem descendisset, obriguit contractuque neruorum proximus morti fuit.
Then he besieged, stormed and took Gordium, a city of Phrygia, which is now called Sardis, and gave it to plunder. Then, when the approach of Darius with great forces was announced to him, fearing the narrowness of the places he was in, he crossed Mount Taurus with wonderful speed and, covering five hundred stadia in one day's march, came to Tarsus; and there, when, sweating, he went down into the very cold river Cydnus, he grew stiff and, his sinews contracting, came near to death.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander nearly died after bathing in the Cydnus.
- Gordium was not Sardis; the identification is Orosius's.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.5 (CSEL 5:172–173; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.6CSEL 5:173
interea Darius cum ccc milibus peditum et c milibus equitum in aciem procedit. mouebat haec multitudo hostium etiam Alexandrum maxime respectu paucitatis suae, quamuis iam pridem DC milibus hostium eadem paucitate superatis non solum non timere pugnam sed etiam uictoriam sperare didicisset.
Meanwhile Darius advanced into battle with three hundred thousand foot and a hundred thousand horse. This multitude of enemies moved even Alexander, chiefly in view of his own small numbers, although he had long since learned, having overcome six hundred thousand enemies with the same small force, not only not to fear battle but even to hope for victory.
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius came with four hundred thousand men.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.6 (CSEL 5:173; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.7CSEL 5:173
itaque cum intra iactum teli uterque constitisset exercitus et intentos ad signum belli populos discurrentes principes uariis incitamentis acuerent, ingentibus utrimque animis pugna committitur:
So when each army had halted within a spear's throw and the leaders, running about, sharpened with various incentives the peoples intent on the signal for battle, the battle was joined with great spirit on both sides:
Notes and citation
Summary: The battle of Issus began.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.7 (CSEL 5:173; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.8CSEL 5:173
in qua ambo reges et Alexander et Darius uulnerantur, ac tam diu certamen anceps fuit, quoad fugeret Darius; exinde caedes Persarum secuta est.
in it both kings, Alexander and Darius, were wounded, and the contest was doubtful until Darius fled; thereafter a slaughter of the Persians followed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius fled and the Persians were slaughtered.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.8 (CSEL 5:173; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.9CSEL 5:173–174
ibi tum peditum LXXX milia, equitum x milia caesa, capta autem XL milia fuere. ex Macedonibus uero cecidere pedites cxxx, equites CL. in castris Persarum multum auri ceterarumque opum repertum. inter captiuos castrorum mater et uxor eademque soror et filiae duae Darii fuere;
Then eighty thousand foot and ten thousand horse were slain, and forty thousand captured. Of the Macedonians there fell a hundred and thirty foot and a hundred and fifty horse. In the Persian camp much gold and other wealth was found. Among the captives of the camp were the mother and the wife, who was also his sister, and two daughters of Darius;
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius's family was captured.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.9 (CSEL 5:173–174; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.10CSEL 5:174
quarum redemptionem Darius cum etiam oblata regni dimidia parte non inpetrauisset, tertio cunctis Persarum uiribus sociorumque auxiliis contractis, bellum instaurat.
when Darius could not obtain their ransom even by offering half the kingdom, he gathered for the third time all the strength of the Persians and the help of their allies and renewed the war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius prepared a third war.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): redemptionam → redemptionem; contraetis → contractis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.10 (CSEL 5:174; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.11CSEL 5:174
sed dum haec Darius agit, Alexander Parmenionem ad inuadendam Persicam classem cum copiis mittit, ipse in Syriam proficiscitur, ibi ex multis sibi regibus cum infulis ultro occurrentibus alios allegit, alios mutauit, alios perdidit, Tyrum urbem antiquissimam et florentissimam, fiducia Carthaginiensium sibi cognatorum obsistentem, oppressit et cepit.
But while Darius was doing this, Alexander sent Parmenio with forces to attack the Persian fleet; he himself set out for Syria; there, of the many kings coming to meet him of their own accord with fillets, he chose some, changed others, destroyed others; and Tyre, a most ancient and flourishing city, resisting in reliance on the Carthaginians, its kinsmen, he crushed and took.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander took Syria and Tyre.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): florentissiman → florentissimam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.11 (CSEL 5:174; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.12CSEL 5:174
exim Ciliciam Rhodum atque Aegyptum pertinaci furore peruadit. inde ad templum Iouis Hammonis pergit, ut mendacio ad tempus conposito ignominiam sibi patris incerti et infamiam adulterae matris aboleret.
Thereafter he overran Cilicia, Rhodes and Egypt with persistent fury. Then he went to the temple of Jupiter Hammon, so that by a lie composed for the occasion he might abolish the disgrace of an uncertain father and the infamy of an adulterous mother.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander visited the oracle of Ammon.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.12 (CSEL 5:174; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.13CSEL 5:174–175
nam arcessitum ad se fani ipsius antistitem ei occulto monuit, quid sibi tamquam consulenti responderi uelit, sicut historici eorum dicunt. ita certus Alexander fuit nobisque prodidit, dis ipsis mutis et surdis uel in potestate esse antistitis quid uelit fingere uel in uoluntate consulentis quid malit audire.
For he secretly instructed the priest of the shrine himself, summoned to him, what he wished to be answered to him as he consulted, as their historians say. So Alexander was sure, and has revealed to us, that, the gods themselves being dumb and deaf, it is in the power of the priest to invent what he wishes or in the will of the consulter to hear what he prefers.
Ps 115:5 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander arranged the oracle's answer, showing the gods are dumb.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.13 (CSEL 5:174–175; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.16.14CSEL 5:175
reuertens ab Hammone ad tertium Persicum bellum Alexandriam in Aegypto condidit.
Returning from Hammon for the third Persian war, he founded Alexandria in Egypt.
Notes and citation
Summary: He founded Alexandria.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): reaertens → reuertens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.16.14 (CSEL 5:175; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-16-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 17
3.17.1CSEL 5:175
Darius uero spe pacis amissa CCCC milia peditum et C milia equitum Alexandro ab Aegypto reuertenti apud Tarsum bello opponit.
Darius, having lost hope of peace, set four hundred thousand foot and a hundred thousand horse in battle against Alexander as he returned from Egypt, near Tarsus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius met Alexander with half a million men.
- 'Near Tarsus' is Orosius's error; the battle was at Gaugamela.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period and garbled numeral): spe. pacis amissa occc milia → spe pacis amissa CCCC milia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.17.1 (CSEL 5:175; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.17.2CSEL 5:175
nec pugnae mora; omnes caeca rabie in ferrum ruunt: Macedones totiens a se uictis hostibus animosi, Persae nisi uincant mori praeoptantes.
Nor was there delay in fighting; all rushed onto the steel with blind rage: the Macedonians emboldened by enemies so often defeated by them, the Persians preferring to die unless they conquered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Both sides fought furiously.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.17.2 (CSEL 5:175; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.17.3CSEL 5:175
raro in ullo proelio tantum sanguinis fusum est. sed Darius cum uinci suos uideret, mori in bello paratus persuasu suorum fugere conpulsus est.
Rarely in any battle has so much blood been shed. But Darius, when he saw his men being conquered, though ready to die in battle, was compelled by the persuasion of his men to flee.
Notes and citation
Summary: Darius was persuaded to flee.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.17.3 (CSEL 5:175; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.17.4CSEL 5:175–176
hoc proelio Asiae uires et regna ceciderunt totusque Oriens in potestatem Macedonici cessit imperii atque ita attrita est in hoc bello Persarum omnis fiducia, ut post hoc nullus rebellare ausus sit patienterque Persae post imperium tot annorum iugum seruitutis acceperint.
In this battle the strength and kingdoms of Asia fell, and the whole East passed into the power of the Macedonian empire; and all the confidence of the Persians was so worn away in this war that after it no one dared to rebel, and the Persians, after an empire of so many years, patiently accepted the yoke of slavery.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Persian empire fell to Macedon.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.17.4 (CSEL 5:175–176; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.17.5CSEL 5:176
Alexander XXXIIII continuis diebus castrorum praedam percensuit; Persepolim, caput Persici regni, famosissimam confertissimamque opibus totius orbis inuasit;
Alexander spent thirty-four continuous days surveying the plunder of the camp; he entered Persepolis, the capital of the Persian kingdom, most famous and crammed with the wealth of the whole world;
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander took Persepolis.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (garbled numeral): xxxnn → XXXIIII.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.17.5 (CSEL 5:176; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.17.6CSEL 5:176
Darium uero cum a propinquis suis uinctum conpedibus aureis teneri conperisset persequi statuit. itaque iusso ut subsequeretur exercitu ipse cum sex milibus equitum profectus inuenit in itinere solum relictum, multis confossum uulneribus et extrema uitae per uulnera efflantem.
but when he learned that Darius was held bound in golden fetters by his own kinsmen, he resolved to pursue him. So, ordering the army to follow, he set out himself with six thousand horse and found him on the road, left alone, pierced with many wounds and breathing out the last of life through his wounds.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander found Darius dying.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.17.6 (CSEL 5:176; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.17.7CSEL 5:176
hunc mortuum inani misericordia referri in sepulchra maiorum sepelirique praecepit; cuius non dicam matrem uel uxorem sed etiam paruulas filias crudeli captiuitate retinebat.
When he was dead, with empty pity he ordered him carried back to the tombs of his ancestors and buried; yet he kept in cruel captivity not only, I will not say, his mother or wife, but even his little daughters.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander buried Darius but kept his family captive.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.17.7 (CSEL 5:176; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.17.8CSEL 5:176–177
In tanta malorum multitudine difficillima dictis fides: tribus proeliis totidemque annis quinquiens deciens centena milia peditum equitumque consumpta, et haec quidem ex eo regno illisque populis, unde iam ante per annos non multo plures deciens nouiens centena milia profligata referuntur:
In so great a multitude of evils belief in what is said is most difficult: in three battles and as many years fifteen hundred thousand foot and horse were consumed, and these from that kingdom and those peoples from which, not many years before, nineteen hundred thousand are reported to have been destroyed:
Notes and citation
Summary: Fifteen hundred thousand died in three years.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.17.8 (CSEL 5:176–177; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.17.9CSEL 5:177
quamquam extra has clades per eosdem tres annos et Asiae ciuitates plurimae oppressae sint et Syria tota uastata, Tyrus excisa, Cilicia exinanita, Cappadocia subacta, Aegyptus addicta sit, Rhodus quoque insula ultro ad seruitutem tremefacta successerit plurimaeque subiectae Tauro prouinciae atque ipse mons Taurus diu detrectatum iugum domitus et uictus acceperit.
although besides these disasters, in the same three years very many cities of Asia were crushed, all Syria laid waste, Tyre destroyed, Cilicia emptied, Cappadocia subdued, Egypt made over; the island of Rhodes too, trembling, of its own accord submitted to slavery, and very many provinces lying below the Taurus, and Mount Taurus itself, subdued and conquered, accepted the yoke long refused.
Notes and citation
Summary: Many lands were laid waste besides.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): exiuanita → exinanita.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.17.9 (CSEL 5:177; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-17-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 18
3.18.1CSEL 5:177
Et ne forte tunc quisquam opinetur uel Orientem solum Alexandri uiribus subactum uel Italiam tantummodo Romana inquietudine fatigatam: tunc etiam bellum Hagidis Spartanorum regis in Graecia, Alexandri regis Epiri in Lucania, Zopyrionis praefecti in Scythia gerebatur.
And lest anyone perhaps think that then either the East alone was subdued by Alexander's forces or Italy alone was wearied by Roman restlessness: then too the war of Agis, king of the Spartans, was waged in Greece, that of Alexander, king of Epirus, in Lucania, and that of Zopyrion the prefect in Scythia.
Notes and citation
Summary: Wars raged at the same time in Greece, Italy, and Scythia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.18.1 (CSEL 5:177; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.18.2CSEL 5:177
quorum Hagidis Lacedaemonius excitata et rebellante secum uniuersa Graecia cum Antipatri fortissimis copiis congressus inter magnas utrorumque strages et ipse procubuit.
Of these, Agis the Lacedaemonian, having roused all Greece to rebel with him, engaged the very strong forces of Antipater and, amid great slaughter on both sides, fell himself.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agis of Sparta fell fighting Antipater.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.18.2 (CSEL 5:177; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.18.3CSEL 5:177–178
Alexander autem in Italia adfectans occidentis imperium aemulans Alexandrum Magnum, post numerosa et grauia bella ibidem gesta a Bruttiis Lucanisque superatus est corpusque eius ad sepulturam uenditum.
Alexander, aiming in Italy at the empire of the West in rivalry with Alexander the Great, after numerous and grave wars waged there, was overcome by the Bruttii and Lucanians, and his body was sold for burial.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander of Epirus was killed in Italy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.18.3 (CSEL 5:177–178; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.18.4CSEL 5:178
Zopyrion uero praefectus Ponti adunato triginta milium exercitu Scythis bellum inferre ausus et usque ad internecionem caesus funditus cum omnibus copiis suis abrasus est.
Zopyrion, prefect of Pontus, having gathered an army of thirty thousand, dared to make war on the Scythians, was cut down to extermination, and was utterly wiped out with all his forces.
Notes and citation
Summary: Zopyrion's army was annihilated in Scythia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.18.4 (CSEL 5:178; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.18.5CSEL 5:178
Igitur Alexander Magnus post Darii mortem Hyrcanos et Mardos subegit: ubi etiam illum adhuc bello intentum Halestris siue Minothea, excita suscipiendae ab eo subolis gratia cum trecentis mulieribus procax Amazon inuenit.
So Alexander the Great, after the death of Darius, subdued the Hyrcanians and the Mardi; there too, while he was still intent on war, Halestris or Minothea, a wanton Amazon, aroused by the desire to conceive offspring by him, came upon him with three hundred women.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander subdued the Hyrcanians; an Amazon queen visited him.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): Hyroanos et Mandos → Hyrcanos et Mardos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.18.5 (CSEL 5:178; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.18.6CSEL 5:178
post haec Parthorum pugnam adgressus: quos diu obnitentes deleuit propemodum antequam uicit.
After this he attacked the Parthians in battle; long resisting, he almost destroyed them before he conquered them.
Notes and citation
Summary: He crushed the Parthians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.18.6 (CSEL 5:178; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.18.7CSEL 5:178
inde Drangas Euergetas Parimas Parapamenos Adaspios ceterosque populos qui in radice Caucasi morabantur subegit, urbe ibi Alexandria super amnem Tanaim constituta.
Then he subdued the Drangae, Euergetae, Parimae, Parapameni, Adaspii and the other peoples who lived at the foot of the Caucasus, founding there a city of Alexandria on the river Tanais.
Notes and citation
Summary: He conquered the peoples of the Hindu Kush.
- The 'Tanais' here is the Jaxartes.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.18.7 (CSEL 5:178; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.18.8CSEL 5:178–179
sed nec minor eius in suos crudelitas quam in hostem rabies fuit. docent hoc Amyntas consobrinus occisus, nouerca fratresque eius necati, Parmenio et Philotas trucidati, Attalus Eurylochus Pausanias multique Macedoniae principes exstincti, Clitus quoque annis grauis, amicitia uetus nefarie interfectus:
But his cruelty toward his own was no less than his rage against the enemy. This is shown by the murder of his cousin Amyntas, the killing of his stepmother and her brothers, the slaughter of Parmenio and Philotas, the deaths of Attalus, Eurylochus, Pausanias and many leading men of Macedonia, and the wicked killing of Clitus too, heavy with years, an old friendship:
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander killed many of his own, including Clitus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.18.8 (CSEL 5:178–179; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.18.9CSEL 5:179
qui cum in conuiuio fiducia amicitiae regiae aduersus regem, sua opera patri Philippo praeponentem, memoriam patris tueretur, ab offenso frustra rege uenabulo transfossus, commune conuiuium moriens cruentauit.
when at a banquet, trusting in the king's friendship, he defended the memory of the king's father against the king, who was ranking his own deeds above his father Philip's, he was run through with a hunting spear by the king, offended for nothing, and as he died stained the common banquet with blood.
Notes and citation
Summary: Clitus was killed at a banquet for defending Philip's memory.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): conuinio → conuiuio.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.18.9 (CSEL 5:179; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.18.10CSEL 5:179
sed Alexander, humani sanguinis inexsaturabilis siue hostium siue etiam sociorum, recentem tamen semper sitiebat cruorem.
But Alexander, insatiable of human blood, whether of enemies or even of allies, always thirsted for fresh gore.
Notes and citation
Summary: He thirsted for blood of friend and foe.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): hostium. siue → hostium siue.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.18.10 (CSEL 5:179; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.18.11CSEL 5:179
itaque pertinaci impetu in bella procurrens Chorasmos et Dahas indomitam gentem in deditionem accepit; Callisthenen philosophum sibique apud Aristotelen condiscipulum cum plurimis aliis principibus, cur eum deposito salutandi more ut deum non adoraret, occidit.
So, rushing into wars with persistent onset, he received in surrender the Chorasmi and the Dahae, an untamed people; he killed the philosopher Callisthenes, his fellow pupil under Aristotle, with very many other leading men, because, setting aside the custom of greeting, he would not worship him as a god.
Notes and citation
Summary: He killed Callisthenes for refusing to worship him.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.18.11 (CSEL 5:179; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-18-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 19
3.19.1CSEL 5:179
Post haec Indiam petit, ut Oceano ultimoque Oriente finiret imperium; Nysam urbem adiit; Daedalos montes regnaque Cleophylis reginae expugnauit: quae cum se dedidisset, concubitu regnum redemit.
After this he sought India, to end his empire at the Ocean and the farthest East. He came to the city of Nysa; he stormed the Daedalian mountains and the realm of Queen Cleophylis, who, when she had surrendered, redeemed her kingdom by lying with him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander invaded India.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): concubitu. regnum → concubitu regnum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.19.1 (CSEL 5:179; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.19.2CSEL 5:179–180
peragrata perdomitaque Alexander India cum ad saxum mirae asperitatis et altitudinis, in quod multi populi confugerant, peruenisset, cognoscit Herculem ab expugnatione eiusdem saxi terrae motu prohibitum. aemulatione permotus, ut Herculis acta superaret, cum summo labore ac periculo saxo potitus omnes loci eius gentes in deditionem accepit.
When Alexander, having traversed and subdued India, came to a rock of wonderful steepness and height, to which many peoples had fled, he learned that Hercules had been prevented by an earthquake from storming that same rock. Moved by rivalry, to surpass the deeds of Hercules, he gained the rock with the greatest labour and danger and received all the peoples of that place in surrender.
Notes and citation
Summary: He took the rock Hercules had failed to take.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sare potitus → saxo potitus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.19.2 (CSEL 5:179–180; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.19.3CSEL 5:180
cum Poro fortissimo Indorum rege cruentissimum bellum gessit: in quo Alexander cum ipso Poro singulariter congressus occisoque deiectus equo concursu satellitum praesentiam mortis euasit; Porus multis uulneribus confossus et captus est.
He waged a most bloody war with Porus, the bravest king of the Indians, in which Alexander, engaging Porus himself in single combat, was thrown when his horse was killed and escaped the presence of death by the rush of his guards; Porus, pierced with many wounds, was captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander defeated and captured Porus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips): in que Alexander cant ipso → in quo Alexander cum ipso; enasit → euasit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.19.3 (CSEL 5:180; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.19.4CSEL 5:180
quo ob testimonium uirtutis in regnum restituto duas ibi condidit ciuitates Niciam et Bucefalen, quam de nomine equi sui ita uocari praecepit. inde Adrestas Catthenos Praesidas et Gangaridas caesis eorum exercitibus Macedones expugnauere.
Having restored him to his kingdom in testimony of his courage, he founded two cities there, Nicaea and Bucephala, which he ordered to be called by the name of his horse. Then the Macedonians stormed the Adrestae, Catheni, Praesidae and Gangaridae, after slaughtering their armies.
Notes and citation
Summary: He restored Porus and founded two cities.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.19.4 (CSEL 5:180; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.19.5CSEL 5:180–181
cum ad Cofides uentum esset, ibi contra cc milia equitum hostium pugnam conseruerunt; et cum iam aetate detriti, animo aegri, uiribus lassi difficile uicissent, castra ob memoriam plus solito magnifica condiderunt.
When they came to the Cofides, there they joined battle against two hundred thousand enemy horsemen; and when, already worn by age, sick at heart and weary in strength, they had won with difficulty, they built a camp more magnificent than usual as a memorial.
Notes and citation
Summary: The weary army won another battle.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.19.5 (CSEL 5:180–181; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.19.6CSEL 5:181
exim Alexander ad amnem Agesinem pergit; per hunc in Oceanum deuehitur: ibi Gesonas Sibosque, quos Hercules condidit, oppressit. hinc in Adros et Subagras nauigat: quae gentes eum armatis LXXX milibus peditum et LX milibus equitum excipiunt.
Thereafter Alexander went to the river Acesines; by it he was carried down to the Ocean; there he crushed the Gesonae and Sibi, whom Hercules founded. From there he sailed to the Adri and Subagri, peoples who met him with eighty thousand armed foot and sixty thousand horse.
Notes and citation
Summary: He sailed down to the Ocean.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): per huno → per hunc.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.19.6 (CSEL 5:181; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.19.7CSEL 5:181
commisso praelio diu anceps et cruenta pugna tandem tristem paene uictoriam Macedonibus dedit. nam fusis hostium copiis Alexander exercitum ad urbem duxit; et cum murum primus escendisset, uacuam ciuitatem ratus solus introrsum desiluit:
When battle was joined, a long, doubtful and bloody fight at last gave the Macedonians an almost sad victory. For when the enemy's forces were routed Alexander led the army to the city; and when he had climbed the wall first, thinking the city empty, he leapt down inside alone:
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander leapt alone into an enemy city.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.19.7 (CSEL 5:181; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.19.8CSEL 5:181
quem cum undique infesti hostes circumdedissent, incredibile dictu est ut eum non multitudo hostium, non uis magna telorum, non tantus lacessentium clamor terruerit, solus tot milia ceciderit ac fugarit.
when hostile enemies had surrounded him on every side, it is incredible to say that neither the multitude of the enemy, nor the great force of missiles, nor the great shouting of those attacking him terrified him; alone he cut down and put to flight so many thousands.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alone he fought off thousands.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.19.8 (CSEL 5:181; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.19.9CSEL 5:181
at ubi se obrui a circumfusa multitudine persensit, muri obice posteriora tutatus, contrarios facilius eo usque sustinuit, donec ad periculum eius clamoremque hostium perfractis muris exercitus omnis inrumperet.
But when he felt himself being overwhelmed by the multitude poured round him, protecting his back by the barrier of the wall, he held off those facing him more easily until, at his danger and the shouting of the enemy, the whole army broke through the walls and burst in.
Notes and citation
Summary: His army broke in to save him.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.19.9 (CSEL 5:181; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.19.10CSEL 5:181–182
in eo proelio sagitta sub mamma traiectus, fixo genu eatenus pugnauit, donec eum a quo uulneratus esset occideret.
In that battle, pierced by an arrow below the breast, he fought on one knee until he had killed the man by whom he had been wounded.
Notes and citation
Summary: Wounded, he killed his attacker.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.19.10 (CSEL 5:181–182; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.19.11CSEL 5:182
inde conscensis nauibus cum Oceani litora peragraret, ad urbem quandam cui Ambira rex praeerat peruenit. sed in expugnatione ciuitatis magnam partem exercitus sagittis hostium ueneno inlitis amisit, ac post herba per somnium sibi ostensa et in potum sauciis data cum reliquis subueniretur, urbem expugnauit et cepit.
Then, embarking on ships, while he was travelling along the shores of the Ocean, he came to a certain city ruled by King Ambira. But in storming the city he lost a great part of his army through the enemy's arrows smeared with poison; and after an herb shown to him in a dream was given in drink to the wounded and the rest were relieved, he stormed and took the city.
Notes and citation
Summary: A dream-herb cured his soldiers of poisoned arrows.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nanibos → nauibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.19.11 (CSEL 5:182; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-19-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 20
3.20.1CSEL 5:182
Post quasi circumacta meta de Oceano Indum flumen ingressus, Babylonam celeriter rediit.
Afterwards, as though the turning-post had been rounded, he entered the river Indus from the Ocean and quickly returned to Babylon.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander returned to Babylon.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.1 (CSEL 5:182; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.2CSEL 5:182
ubi eum exterritarum totius Orbis prouinciarum legati opperiebantur, hoc est Carthaginiensium totiusque Africae ciuitatum, sed et Hispanorum Gallorum Siciliae Sardiniaeque, plurimae praeterea partis Italiae.
There envoys of the terrified provinces of the whole world awaited him, that is, of the Carthaginians and the cities of all Africa, but also of the Spaniards, the Gauls, Sicily and Sardinia, and besides of most of Italy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Envoys from the whole world awaited him.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.2 (CSEL 5:182; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.3CSEL 5:182
tantus timor in summo Oriente constituti ducis populos ultimi Occidentis inuaserat, ut inde peregrinam toto mundo cerneres legationem, quo uix crederes peruenisse rumorem.
So great a fear of the leader established in the farthest East had seized the peoples of the farthest West that you might see from there an embassy travelling through the whole world to a place to which you would scarcely believe rumour had reached.
Notes and citation
Summary: The far West feared him.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.3 (CSEL 5:182; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.4CSEL 5:183
Alexander uero apud Babylonam, cum adhuc sanguinem sitiens male castigata auiditate ministri insidiis uenenum potasset, interiit.
But Alexander, at Babylon, while still thirsting for blood with his greed ill checked, drank poison through the plot of a servant and died.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander died of poison at Babylon.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.4 (CSEL 5:183; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.5CSEL 5:183
O dura mens hominum et cor semper inhumanum! ego ipse, qui haec pro adserenda omnium temporum alternanti calamitate percenseo, in relatu tanti mali, quo uel morte ipsa uel formidine mortis accepta totus mundus intremuit, numquid inlacrimaui oculis? numquid corde condolui? numquid reuoluens haec propter communem uiuendi statum maiorum miserias meas feci?
O hard mind of men and heart always inhuman! I myself, who review these things to establish the alternating calamity of all times, in the telling of so great an evil, at which the whole world trembled either at the death itself or at the fear of death it received, did I weep with my eyes? Did I grieve in heart? In turning these things over, did I, on account of the common condition of living, make the miseries of our ancestors my own?
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius rebukes himself for not weeping at such evils.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.5 (CSEL 5:183; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.6CSEL 5:183
cum tamen, si quando de me ipso refero, ut ignotos primum barbaros uiderim, ut infestos declinauerim, ut dominantibus blanditus sim, ut infideles praecauerim, ut insidiantes subterfugerim,
And yet, if ever I tell of myself, how I first saw unknown barbarians, how I avoided hostile ones, how I flattered those in power, how I guarded against the faithless, how I slipped away from those lying in wait,
Notes and citation
Summary: He recalls his own escape from the barbarians.
- The sentence continues in 3.20.7.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray hyphen): domi-nantibus → dominantibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.6 (CSEL 5:183; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.7CSEL 5:183–184
postremo ut persequentes in mari ac saxis spiculisque adpetentes, manibus etiam paene iam adprehendentes repentina nebula circumfusus euaserim, cunctos audientes me in lacrimas commoueri uelim et tacitus de non dolentibus doleam, reputans duritiae eorum, qui quod non sustinuere non credunt.
and finally how, wrapped in a sudden mist, I escaped those pursuing me on the sea and attacking me with stones and spears, and almost already seizing me with their hands, I would want all who hear me to be moved to tears, and I grieve silently over those who do not grieve, reckoning it to the hardness of those who do not believe what they have not endured.
Notes and citation
Summary: He wants others to weep at his own sufferings.
- Orosius's flight from Spain by sea, probably in 414.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.7 (CSEL 5:183–184; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.8CSEL 5:184
Hispanus et Morinus ad supplicandum Alexandro Babylonam adiit cruentumque ultro dominum, ne hostem exciperet, per Assyriam Indiamque quaesiuit, terrarum metas lustrans et utrique infeliciter notus Oceano: et tamen tam uiolentae necessitatis memoria uel obliuione defecit uel uiluit uetustate.
The Spaniard and the Morinian went to Babylon to entreat Alexander, and of their own accord sought out a bloody master through Assyria and India, so as not to receive him as an enemy, travelling over the bounds of the earth, unhappily known to both Oceans: and yet the memory of so violent a necessity has either failed through forgetfulness or grown cheap with age.
Notes and citation
Summary: Even far peoples begged Alexander's mercy, yet it is forgotten.
- The Morini lived on the Channel coast of Gaul.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Hispanos et Morinus → Hispanus et Morinus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.8 (CSEL 5:184; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.9CSEL 5:184
et nos perpetuae recordationi haesurum putamus, quod plurima Orbis parte secura unum angulum fugax latro uiolauit? quasi uero Gotthorum et Sueborum pacem ut non dicam uersa uice Indus uel Assyrius, sed etiam uel ipse, qui hostem patitur, Hispanus orauerit.
And do we think that it will cling to perpetual memory that, while most of the world is secure, a fleeing robber violated one corner? As if indeed, I will not say the Indian or the Assyrian in reverse, but even the Spaniard himself, who suffers the enemy, had begged the Goths and Suebi for peace.
Notes and citation
Summary: The barbarian raids in Spain are small by comparison.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.9 (CSEL 5:184; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.10CSEL 5:184
at uero si illa Alexandri tempora laudanda potius propter uirtutem qua totus orbis obtentus, quam detestanda propter ruinam qua totus orbis euersus est iudicantur: inuenientur et modo plurimi, qui haec laudanda censeant, quia multa uicerunt et miserias aliorum felicitatem suam reputent.
But if those times of Alexander are judged worthy of praise for the courage by which the whole world was gained rather than of detestation for the ruin by which the whole world was overthrown, there will also be found now very many who think these present things praiseworthy, because they conquered much, and count the miseries of others their own happiness.
Notes and citation
Summary: If Alexander is praised, so might today's conquerors be.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.10 (CSEL 5:184; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.11CSEL 5:184–185
sed dicat quisquam: isti hostes Romaniae sunt. respondebitur: hoc et tunc toto Orienti de Alexandro uidebatur, talesque et Romani aliis uisi sunt, dum bellis ignotos quietosque petiuerunt. sed illi adquirere regna, isti euertere student. separata sunt hostis excidia et iudicia uictoris.
But someone may say: these are enemies of the Roman world. The answer will be: this too seemed so then to the whole East about Alexander, and the Romans too seemed such to others, when they attacked in wars those unknown to them and living in quiet. But they strove to acquire kingdoms, these to overthrow them. The destructions of an enemy and the judgments of a victor are different things.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome too once seemed an enemy to others.
- *Romania* is the Roman world.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nisi sunt → uisi sunt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.11 (CSEL 5:184–185; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.12CSEL 5:185
siquidem et illi prius eos bellis adflixerunt, quos postea suis legibus ordinarunt: et hi nunc hostiliter turbant quae — in quo non permiserit Deus — si edomita obtinerent, ritu suo conponere molirentur, dicendi posteris magni reges, qui nunc nobis saeuissimi hostes adiudicantur.
For they too first afflicted with wars those whom afterwards they ordered by their laws; and these now disturb as enemies the things which (may God not permit it) if they held them subdued, they would strive to order after their own manner, to be called great kings by posterity, they who are now judged by us most savage enemies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Today's barbarians would be called great kings if they won.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): adfiixerunt → adflixerunt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.12 (CSEL 5:185; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.20.13CSEL 5:185
quolibet haec gesta talia nomine censeantur, hoc est siue dicantur miseriae siue uirtutes, utraque prioribus conparata in hoc tempore minora sunt, atque ita utraque pro nobis faciunt in conparatione Alexandri atque Persarum: si uirtus nunc uocanda est, minor est hostium; si miseria, minor est Romanorum.
By whatever name such deeds are reckoned, that is, whether they are called miseries or virtues, both, compared with earlier ones, are smaller in this time; and so both tell in our favour in comparison with Alexander and the Persians: if it is now to be called virtue, the enemies' is smaller; if misery, the Romans' is smaller.
Notes and citation
Summary: Either way, present troubles are smaller than Alexander's age.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.20.13 (CSEL 5:185; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-20-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 21
3.21.1CSEL 5:185
Anno ab Vrbe condita CCCCL Fabio Maximo v Decio Mure iiii consulibus quattuor fortissimi florentissimique Italiae populi in unum agmen foedusque coierunt. namque Etrusci Vmbri Samnites et Galli uno agmine conspirantes Romanos delere conati sunt.
In the 450th year from the founding of the City, in the consulship of Fabius Maximus for the fifth time and Decius Mus for the fourth, four of the bravest and most flourishing peoples of Italy came together in one column and treaty. For the Etruscans, Umbrians, Samnites and Gauls, conspiring in one column, tried to destroy the Romans.
Notes and citation
Summary: Four Italian peoples allied against Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): condita. CCCCL → condita CCCCL.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.21.1 (CSEL 5:185; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.21.2CSEL 5:185–186
tremefacti hoc bello Romanorum animi et labefactata fiducia est, nec ausi sunt totum sperare de uiribus: dolo diuisere hostes, tutius rati pluribus se bellis inplicare quam grauibus.
The spirits of the Romans trembled at this war and their confidence was shaken; they did not dare to hope everything from their strength: they divided the enemy by guile, thinking it safer to entangle themselves in more wars than in heavy ones.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome divided its enemies by guile.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.21.2 (CSEL 5:185–186; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.21.3CSEL 5:186
itaque cum, quibusdam suis ad populandos hostiles agros in Vmbriam Etruriamque praemissis, Vmbrorum Etruscorumque exercitum redire ad tuitionem suorum coegissent, cum Samnitibus et Gallis bellum inire properarunt.
So when, by sending some of their men ahead into Umbria and Etruria to ravage the enemy's fields, they had compelled the army of the Umbrians and Etruscans to return to protect their own, they hastened to engage in war with the Samnites and Gauls.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome drew off the Etruscans and Umbrians.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): itaque cam → itaque cum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.21.3 (CSEL 5:186; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.21.4CSEL 5:186
in quo bello cum Gallorum impetu Romani premerentur Decius consul occisus est. Fabius tamen post magnam Decianae partis stragem tandem uicit.
In that war, when the Romans were pressed by the onset of the Gauls, the consul Decius was killed. Fabius, however, after great slaughter of Decius's part, at last conquered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Decius fell; Fabius won at Sentinum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.21.4 (CSEL 5:186; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.21.5CSEL 5:186
eo proelio quadraginta milia Samnitium siue Gallorum caesa, Romanorum uero septem milia ex Decii tantummodo parte qui occisus est exstincta referuntur.
In that battle forty thousand Samnites or Gauls were slain, and seven thousand Romans are reported to have been lost, from the part of Decius alone, who was killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Forty thousand enemies and seven thousand Romans died.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.21.5 (CSEL 5:186; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.21.6CSEL 5:186
fuisse autem absque Etruscis et Vmbris, quos astu Romani bello auocauerunt, Gallorum et Samnitium peditum CXL milia cccxxx, equitum uero XLVII milia Liuius refert, et carpentarios mille in armis contra aciem stetisse Romanam.
Livy reports that there were, besides the Etruscans and Umbrians whom the Romans by craft called away from the war, 140,330 foot soldiers of the Gauls and Samnites and 47,000 horse, and that a thousand chariot-fighters in arms stood against the Roman battle line.
Notes and citation
Summary: Livy's figures for the enemy army.
- The passage of Livy is lost.
Extrabiblical texts: Livy (Livy, History of Rome; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.21.6 (CSEL 5:186; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.21.7CSEL 5:186–187
Sed — ut saepe dictum est semper Romanorum aut domesticam quietem extraneis bellis interpellatam aut externos prouentus morbis interioribus adgrauatos, tantum ut omnimodis ingentes animi undecumque premerentur — hanc cruentam tristemque uictoriam pestilentia ciuitatis onerauit et triumphales pompas obuiae mortuorum exsequiae polluerunt. nec erat cui de triumpho gaudium suaderetur, cum tota ciuitas aut aegris suspiraret aut mortuis.
But (as has often been said, that always either the domestic quiet of the Romans was interrupted by foreign wars or their external successes were weighed down by internal diseases, so that their great spirits might be pressed from every side in every way) a pestilence in the city burdened this bloody and sad victory, and funeral processions of the dead meeting them polluted the triumphal parades. Nor was there anyone to whom joy at the triumph could be urged, when the whole city was sighing either over the sick or over the dead.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plague spoiled the victory.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.21.7 (CSEL 5:186–187; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-21-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 22
3.22.1CSEL 5:187
Sequitur annus, quo Romani instaurato a Samnitibus bello uicti sunt atque in castra fugerunt.
The following year came, in which the Romans, the war with the Samnites being renewed, were defeated and fled into their camp.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Samnites defeated Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.1 (CSEL 5:187; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.2CSEL 5:187
postea uero Samnites nouum habitum animumque sumentes, hoc est deargentatis armis ac uestibus, paratoque animo ni uincant mori, bello sese offerunt.
Afterwards the Samnites, taking on a new appearance and spirit, that is, with silvered arms and clothing, and with minds prepared to die unless they conquered, offered themselves to battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Samnites returned with silvered arms.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.2 (CSEL 5:187; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.3CSEL 5:187
aduersum quos Papirius consul cum exercitu missus cum a pullariis auguribus uana coniectantibus congredi prohiberetur, inridens eos tam feliciter confecit bellum quam constanter arripuit.
The consul Papirius, sent against them with an army, when he was forbidden to engage by the chicken-keeping augurs with their empty conjectures, laughed at them and finished the war as happily as he had steadfastly taken it up.
Notes and citation
Summary: Papirius ignored the augurs and won.
Topics: Magic, divination, and astrology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.3 (CSEL 5:187; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.4CSEL 5:187
nam in hoc proelio xu milia hostium caesa, III milia capta referuntur. sed hanc quoque istius uere laudandam uictoriam, quam uani auspices impedire non potuerunt, oborti subito corrupere morbi.
For in this battle twelve thousand of the enemy are reported slain and three thousand captured. But this victory too, truly praiseworthy, which empty augurs could not hinder, diseases suddenly arising spoiled.
Notes and citation
Summary: Disease spoiled this victory too.
- The numeral is garbled in the digital text (*xu*); read as XII.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.4 (CSEL 5:187; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.5CSEL 5:187–188
nam tanta ac tam intolerabilis pestilentia tunc corripuit ciuitatem, ut propter eam quacumque ratione sedandam libros Sibyllinos consulendos putarint horrendumque illum Epidaurium colubrum cum ipso Aesculapi lapide aduexerint: quasi uero pestilentia aut ante sedata non sit aut post orta non fuerit.
For so great and so unbearable a pestilence then seized the city that, to calm it by any means, they thought the Sibylline books should be consulted, and they brought that horrible Epidaurian serpent along with the very stone of Aesculapius: as though the pestilence had not either been calmed before or arisen after.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome brought the serpent of Aesculapius to stop the plague.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.5 (CSEL 5:187–188; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.6CSEL 5:188
Praeterea altero abhinc anno Fabius Gurges consul male aduersum Samnitas pugnauit. namque amisso exercitu uictus in Vrbem refugit.
Moreover, in the next year from then the consul Fabius Gurges fought badly against the Samnites: for, having lost his army, he fled defeated into the City.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fabius Gurges was defeated.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): altere abhinc → altero abhinc.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.6 (CSEL 5:188; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.7CSEL 5:188
itaque cum senatus de summouendo eo deliberaret, pater eius Fabius Maximus ignominiam filii deprecatus legatum se filio iturum ultro obtulit, si illi depellendae ignominiae et gerendi iterum belli facultas daretur.
So when the senate was deliberating about removing him, his father Fabius Maximus, begging off his son's disgrace, offered of his own accord to go as legate to his son, if the opportunity of driving off the disgrace and waging war again were given him.
Notes and citation
Summary: His father offered to serve under him.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): obtutit → obtulit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.7 (CSEL 5:188; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.8CSEL 5:188
qua impetrata proelioque conserto cum subito pugnantem filium consulem insistente Pontio Samnitarum duce et infestis hostium telis conclusum uideret, in medium se agmen pius senex equo uectus ingessit.
When this was granted and battle was joined, when he saw his son the consul suddenly shut in as he fought, with Pontius, leader of the Samnites, pressing on and the enemy's missiles hostile, the devoted old man rode on horseback into the middle of the column.
Notes and citation
Summary: The old Fabius rode in to save his son.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.8 (CSEL 5:188; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.9CSEL 5:188
quo facto commoti Romani tota ibi incubuere acie, donec ipsum Pontium ducem deleto hostili exercitu uictum oppressumque ceperunt.
Moved by this deed, the Romans threw their whole line in there, until, the enemy army destroyed, they captured Pontius himself, the leader, conquered and overpowered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome won and captured Pontius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.9 (CSEL 5:188; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.10CSEL 5:188–189
caesa sunt in eo proelio Samnitium xx milia, capta autem IIII milia cum rege suo; tandemque Samniticum bellum, quod per quadraginta et nouem annos multa Romanorum clade trahebatur, capti ducis destitutione finitum est.
In that battle twenty thousand Samnites were slain and four thousand captured with their king; and at last the Samnite war, which had dragged on for forty-nine years with much slaughter of Romans, was ended by the loss of the captured leader.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Samnite war ended after forty-nine years.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.10 (CSEL 5:188–189; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.11CSEL 5:189
Anno subsequente cum Sabinis Corio consule bellum gestum est, ubi quot milia hominum interfecta, quot capta sint, ipse consul ostendit. qui cum in senatu magnitudinem adquisiti agri Sabini et multitudinem capti populi referre uellet, numerum explicare non potuit.
In the following year war was waged with the Sabines under the consul Curius, in which how many thousands of men were killed and how many captured the consul himself showed: for when he wanted to report in the senate the size of the Sabine land acquired and the multitude of the people captured, he could not set out the number.
Notes and citation
Summary: Curius could not count his Sabine captives.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; doubled period): subsequnse → subsequente; potuit.. → potuit..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.11 (CSEL 5:189; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.12CSEL 5:189
Anno ab Vrbe condita CCCCLXIII Dolabella et Domitio consulibus Lucani, Bruttii, Samnites quoque cum Etruscis et Senonibus Gallis facta societate, cum rediuiuum contra Romanos bellum molirentur, Romani ad exorandos Gallos misere legatos.
In the 463rd year from the founding of the City, in the consulship of Dolabella and Domitius, the Lucanians, Bruttians, and Samnites too, having made an alliance with the Etruscans and Senonian Gauls, were preparing a revived war against the Romans; the Romans sent envoys to entreat the Gauls.
Notes and citation
Summary: A new coalition rose against Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip in the numeral): CCCOLXIII → CCCCLXIII.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.12 (CSEL 5:189; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.13CSEL 5:189
quos cum Galli interfecissent, Caecilius praetor ob ulciscendam legatorum necem et conprimendum tumultum hostium cum exercitu missus, ab Etruscis Gallisque oppressus interiit.
When the Gauls had killed them, the praetor Caecilius, sent with an army to avenge the death of the envoys and suppress the enemy's uprising, was overwhelmed by the Etruscans and Gauls and perished.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls killed Rome's envoys and the praetor Caecilius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Caeoilius → Caecilius; eum exercitu → cum exercitu.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.13 (CSEL 5:189; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.14CSEL 5:189
septem praeterea tribuni militum in ea pugna occisi, multi nobiles trucidati, tredecim milia militum Romanorum illo bello prostrata sunt.
Besides, seven military tribunes were killed in that battle, many nobles slaughtered, and thirteen thousand Roman soldiers laid low in that war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thirteen thousand Romans fell.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.14 (CSEL 5:189; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.22.15CSEL 5:189–190
Ita autem quotienscumque Galli exarserunt, totis opibus suis Roma detrita est, ut sub praesenti nunc concursatione Gotthorum magis debeat meminisse Gallorum.
So every time the Gauls blazed up, Rome was worn down with all its resources, so that under the present raiding of the Goths it ought rather to remember the Gauls.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls were worse than the Goths.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.22.15 (CSEL 5:189–190; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-22-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).