Against Celsus 4.46

Summary: Celsus picks out the discreditable family stories of Genesis but ignores Joseph's chastity, which surpasses Bellerophon's, as he chose prison rather than sin and silently left his cause to God.

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Greek text · Koetschau 1:319

Παραῤῥίπτει δʼ ὁ Κέλσος τὴν ἀπέχθειαν, οἶμαι τοῦ Ἠσαῦ πρὸς τὸν Ἰακὼβ, ἀνδρὸς κατὰ τὴν γραφὴν ὁμολογουμένου φαύλου· καὶ μὴ σαφῶς ἐκτιθέμενος τὰ περὶ τὸν Συμέων καὶ τὸν Λευῒ, ἐπεξελθόντας τῇ ὕβρει τῆς ἀδελφῆς βιασθείσης ὑπὸ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ βασιλέως Σικίμων, σφᾶς αἰτιᾶται· ἀδελφοὺς δὲ πωλοῦντας τοὺς υἱοὺς λέγει τοῦ Ἰακὼβ, καὶ ἀδελφὸν πιπρασκόμενον τὸν Ἰωσὴφ, καὶ πατέρα ἐξαπατώμενον τὸν Ἰακὼβ, ἐπεὶ μηδὲν ὑπονοήσας περὶ τῶν υἱῶν ἐπιδεικνύντων „τὸν ποικίλον χιτῶνα“ τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ ἀλλὰ πιστεύσας αὐτοῖς „ἐπένθει ὡς ἀπολωλότα τὸν Ἰωσὴφ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ δουλεύοντα, ὅρα δὲ τινα τρόπον ἀπεχθῶς καὶ οὐ φιλαλήθως συνήγαγε τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς ἱστορίας ὁ Κέλσος· ὥστε ὅπου μὲν ἐδόκει αὐτῷ κατηγορίαν περιέχειν ἡ ἱστορία, ἐκτίθεται αὐτὴν, ὅπου δὲ σωφροσύνης ἀξιολόγου ἐπίδειξις γεγένηται, τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ οὐκ ἐνδόντος πρὸς τὸν ἔρωτα τῆς νομιζομένης δεσποίνης πῇ μὲν παρακαλούσης πῇ δʼ ἀπειλούσης, οὐδʼ ὑπεμνήσθη τῆς ἱστορίας. πολλῷ γὰρ κρείττονα τῶν κατὰ τὸν Βελλεροφόντην ἱστορουμένων ἴδοιμεν ἂν τὸν Ἰωσὴφ, ἑλόμενον κατακλεισθῆναι ἐν φυλακῇ ἤπερ ἀπολέσαι νοῦν σώφρονα· δυνάμενος γοῦν ἀπολογίσασθαι καὶ δικαιολογήσασθαι πρὸς τὴν κατηγορήσασαν μεγαλοψύχως ἀπεσιώπησε τῷ θεῷ ἐπιτρέψας τὰ καθʼ ἑαυτόν.

English · Claude translation

Celsus throws in the hatred, I think, of Esau for Jacob, a man admitted by Scripture to be wicked; and, without setting out clearly the story of Simeon and Levi, who avenged the outrage to their sister, violated by the son of the king of Shechem, he accuses them. He speaks of “brothers selling,” meaning the sons of Jacob, and of “a brother sold,” Joseph, and of “a father deceived,” Jacob, since he suspected nothing about his sons when they showed Joseph's “many-colored coat,” but believed them and “mourned for Joseph as lost,” while he was a slave in Egypt. See how hatefully and without love of truth Celsus has gathered material from the history: where the history seemed to him to contain an accusation, he sets it out; but where a notable display of chastity took place, when Joseph did not yield to the passion of his supposed mistress, who now entreated and now threatened, he did not even mention the story. For we might see Joseph as far better than what is recorded of Bellerophon, since he chose to be shut up in prison rather than lose his chaste mind; for though he could have defended himself and pleaded his case against the woman who accused him, he magnanimously kept silent, entrusting his cause to God.

About this passage

Source
Koetschau 1:319 · Paul Koetschau, ed., Origenes Werke 1–2: Gegen Celsus, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1899) · Greek text: P. Koetschau, Origenes Werke 1–2 (GCS 2–3, 1899), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Koetschau, GCS 2–3. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; no textual problem is noted in this passage.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-27 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Koetschau, GCS 2–3; made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 4 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Scripture
Extrabiblical texts
  • Homer, Il. 6.155–170 (Homer, Iliad) · allusion, medium confidence
Topics
Ethics

Notes

Translation notes

  • The allusions are Gen 27:41 (Esau), Gen 34 (Simeon and Levi), Gen 37:28–34 (Joseph sold), and Gen 39:7–20 (Potiphar's wife). Bellerophon similarly refused the queen Anteia (Homer, Iliad 6.155–170).

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (missing accent in the digital text; missing accents in the digital text; missing iota subscript in the digital text; wrong accent in the digital text): ἀπὸ τῆς ἱστοριας ὁ Κέλσος → ἀπὸ τῆς ἱστορίας ὁ Κέλσος; ἡ ἱστορια, ἐκτιθεται → ἡ ἱστορία, ἐκτίθεται; Ἰωσὴφ οὖκ ἐνδόντος → Ἰωσὴφ οὐκ ἐνδόντος; πῆ μὲν παρακαλούσης → πῇ μὲν παρακαλούσης; πολλῶ γὰρ κρείττονα → πολλῷ γὰρ κρείττονα.

Cite this passage

Origen, Cels. 4.46 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/4/46/).

Plain text
Origen, Cels. 4.46 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/4/46/).

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