Against Celsus 3.79

Summary: Like a wise lawgiver, God gave the many the best teaching they could receive, including real, corrective punishments whose purpose is partly concealed from them.

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Greek text · Koetschau 1:269–270

Ἐὰν δέ τις ἐν τούτοις δεισιδαιμονίαν μᾶλλον ἢ πονηρίαν περὶ τοὺς πολλοὺς τῶν πιστευόντων τῷ λόγῳ εἶναι φαντάζηται καὶ ἐγκαλῇ ὡς δεισιδαίμονας ποιοῦντι τῷ λόγῳ ἡμῶν, φήσομεν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὅτι, ὥσπερ ἔλεγέ τις τῶν νομοθετῶν πρὸς τὸν ἐρωτῶντα, εἰ τοὺς καλλίστους ἔθετο τοῖς πολίταις νόμους, ὅτι οὐ τοὺς καθάπαξ καλλίστους ἀλλʼ ὧν ἐδύναντο τοὺς καλλίστους· οὕτω λέγοιτο ἂν καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Χριστιανῶν λόγου ὅτι ὧν ἐδύναντο οἱ πολλοὶ εἰς βελτίωσιν ἠθῶν τοὺς καλλίστους ἐθέμην νόμους καὶ διδασκαλίαν, πόνους οὐ ψευδεῖς ἀπειλῶν καὶ κολάσεις τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν ἀλλʼ ἀληθεῖς μὲν καὶ ἀναγκαίους εἰς ἐπανόρθωσιν τῶν ἀντιτεινόντων προσαγομένους, οὐ μὴν καὶ πάντως νοούντων τὸ τοῦ κολάζοντος βούλημα καὶ τὸ τῶν πόνων ἔργον· καὶ τοῦτο γὰρ πρὸς τὸ χρήσιμον καὶ κατὰ τὸ ἀληθὲς καὶ μετʼ ἐπικρύψεως συμφερόντως λέγεται. πλὴν ὡς ἐπίπαν οὐ πονηροὺς ὑπάγονται οἱ τὰ χριστιανισμοῦ πρεσβεύοντες. ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ ἐπηρεάζομεν εἰς τὸ θεῖον· λέγομεν γὰρ περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀληθῆ καὶ τοῖς πολλοῖς σαφῆ μὲν εἶναι δοκοῦντα οὐ σαφῆ δʼ ὄντα ἐκείνοις ὡς τοῖς ὀλίγοις, φιλοσοφεῖν ἀσκοῦσι τὰ κατὰ τὸν λόγον.

English · Claude translation

But if anyone imagines that in these matters there is superstition rather than wickedness in the many who believe the teaching, and accuses our teaching of making people superstitious, we shall say to him that, as one of the lawgivers said to the man who asked whether he had given the citizens the best laws, “Not the absolutely best, but the best of those they could receive,” so it might be said by the Father of the Christians' teaching: “I have given the best laws and teaching, of those which the many could receive, for the improvement of their character, threatening sinners not with false toils and punishments, but with true ones, necessary and applied for the correction of those who resist, though they do not wholly understand the intention of the one who punishes or the working of the toils.” For this too is said usefully and truly, and, for their benefit, with some concealment. But in general those who proclaim Christianity do not lead on wicked people. Nor do we insult the divine; for we say about him things that are true, and that seem clear to the many, but are not clear to them as they are to the few who practice philosophy in accordance with the word.

About this passage

Source
Koetschau 1:269–270 · Paul Koetschau, ed., Origenes Werke 1–2: Gegen Celsus, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1899) · Greek text: P. Koetschau, Origenes Werke 1–2 (GCS 2–3, 1899), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Koetschau, GCS 2–3. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; no textual problem is noted in this passage.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-27 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Koetschau, GCS 2–3; made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 4 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Topics
Eschatology

Notes

Translation notes

  • The lawgiver is Solon (the anecdote is in Plutarch, Solon 15). Origen here hints at his view that divine punishment is corrective, a view he presents cautiously as not for all hearers.

Cite this passage

Origen, Cels. 3.79 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/3/79/).

Plain text
Origen, Cels. 3.79 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/3/79/).

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