Against Celsus 2.45
Summary: Origen answers that the disciples' early failure is balanced by their later bold preaching, suffering, and martyrdom, which Celsus ignores.
Greek text · Koetschau 1:167–168
Πρόσχες δὲ καὶ τῷ ἐπιπολαίῳ τοῦ περὶ τῶν τότε μαθητῶν Ἰησοῦ λόγου, ἐν ᾧ φησιν· εἶτα οἱ μὲν τότε ζῶντι αὐτῷ συνόντες καὶ τῆς φωνῆς ἐπακούοντες αὐτοῦ καὶ διδασκάλῳ χρώμενοι κολαζόμενον καὶ ἀποθνῄσκοντα ὁρῶντες οὔτε συναπέθανον οὔτε ὑπεραπέθανον αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ κολάσεων καταφρονεῖν ἐπείσθησαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἠρνήσαντο εἶναι μαθηταί· νῦν δὲ ὑμεῖς αὐτῷ συναποθνῄσκετε. καὶ ἐν τούτοις δὲ τὸ μὲν ἔτι εἰσαγομένοις τοῖς μαθηταῖς καὶ ἀτελεστέροις οὖσιν ἁμαρτηθὲν καὶ γεγραμμένον ἐν τοῖς εὐαγγελίοις πιστεύει γεγονέναι, ἵνʼ ἐγκαλῇ τῷ λόγῳ, τὸ δὲ μετὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτοῖς κατορθωθὲν παῤῥησιασαμένοις ἐπὶ Ἰουδαίων καὶ μυρία ὅσα πεπονθόσιν ὑπʼ ἐκείνων καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον ἀποθανοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἰησοῦ διδασκαλίας παρασιωπᾷ. οὔτε γὰρ Ἰησοῦ ἐβουλήθη ἀκοῦσαι προλέγοντος τῷ Πέτρῳ· „ὅταν δὲ γηράσῃς, ἐκτενεῖς τὰς χεῖράς σου“ καὶ τὸ ἑξῆς, ᾧ ἐπιφέρει ἡ γραφή· „τοῦτο δʼ εἶπε σημαίνων, ποίῳ θανάτῳ δοξάσει τὸν θεόν“ οὔθʼ ὅτι Ἰάκωβος ὁ ἀδελφὸς Ἰωάννου, ἀπόστολος ἀποστόλου ἀδελφὸς, ἀνῃρέθη ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἡρώδου διὰ τὸν λόγον Χριστοῦ „μαχαίρᾳ“· ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὅσα παῤῥησιαζόμενοι ἐπὶ τῷ λόγῳ πεποιήκασιν ὁ Πέτρος καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ἀπόστολοι, καὶ ὡς „ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ συνεδρίου“ ἐξῆλθον μετὰ τὸ μαστιγωθῆναι „χαίροντες, “ „ὅτι κατηξιώθησαν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἀτιμασθῆναι, “ καὶ ὑπεραίροντες πολλὰ τῶν παρʼ Ἕλλησιν ἱστορουμένων ἐπὶ τῇ καρτερίᾳ καὶ ἀνδρίᾳ τῶν φιλοσοφησάντων. ἀρχῆθεν οὖν τοῦτο μάλιστα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ μάθημα ἐκρατύνετο παρὰ τοῖς ἀκούουσιν αὐτοῦ, διδάσκον καταφρονεῖσθαι μὲν τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν πολλῶν περιεπόμενον ζῆν, σπουδάζεσθαι δὲ τὸ παραπλήσιον τῷ ζῆν τοῦ θεοῦ ζῆν.
English · Claude translation
Notice too the superficiality of his argument about Jesus' disciples at that time, where he says: “Then those who were with him while he lived, who heard his voice and had him as teacher, when they saw him punished and dying, neither died with him nor for him, nor were they persuaded to despise punishments, but even denied that they were his disciples. But now you die with him.” Here he believes that the sin committed by the disciples while they were still beginners and less perfect, and recorded in the Gospels, took place, so that he may accuse the teaching; but he passes over in silence what they did rightly after their sin, speaking boldly before the Jews, suffering countless things at their hands, and finally dying for Jesus' teaching. For he did not wish to hear Jesus foretelling to Peter, “But when you are old, you will stretch out your hands,” and what follows, on which the Scripture comments: “He said this to signify by what death he would glorify God”; nor that James the brother of John, an apostle and brother of an apostle, was killed by Herod “with the sword” for the word of Christ; nor all that Peter and the other apostles did, speaking boldly for the word, and how they went out “from the presence of the council” after being flogged, “rejoicing that they had been counted worthy to be dishonored for the name,” surpassing much of what is related among the Greeks of the endurance and courage of the philosophers. From the beginning, then, this teaching of Jesus above all prevailed among his hearers, teaching them to despise the life that the many cling to, and to strive for a life like the life of God.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The quotations are John 21:18–19, Acts 12:2, and Acts 5:41.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 2.45 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/2/45/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 2.45 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/2/45/).
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