# Fragments of the Chronographies

- Author: [Julius Africanus](https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/authors/julius-africanus/)
- Latin title: *Chronographiarum fragmenta*
- Date: after 221 (approximate)
- Source: Martin Joseph Routh, ed., Reliquiae sacrae, 2nd ed., vol. 2 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1846), pp. 239–309 (OCR made for this site)

- Translation: Claude, from the original text, unless a passage says otherwise; each passage below gives the translator
- Editions and translations: Martin Wallraff et al., eds., Iulius Africanus, Chronographiae, GCS NF 15 (2007; cited only)
- Work page: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/
- Passages: 45

## Fragment 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-1
- Source: Routh 2:239
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus held that the first day of creation was an intelligible day, since the first light was not yet formed into bodies.

### Greek text

Τὴν πρώτην ἡμέραν δ᾽ Αφρικανὸς νοητὴν λέγει, διὰ τὸ ἀδιοργανίστον εἶναι τέως τὸ πρωτόκτιστον φῶς καὶ κεχυμένον.

### English translation (Claude)

Africanus says that the first day is intelligible, because the first-created light was as yet unorganized and diffused.

### Scripture references

- Gen 1:3–5: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Fragments of Julius Africanus's Chronography and related testimonies, from Routh, Reliquiae sacrae 2 (2nd ed., 1846); text from uncorrected OCR, translated by sense where letters are misread. Many pieces are reports about Africanus by later writers (catenae, Syncellus) rather than his own words.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 1 (Routh 2:239; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-1).

## Fragment 2

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-2
- Source: Routh 2:239
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: A catena notice that Africanus and Athanasius wrote about the burial of Adam.

### Greek text

Οὗτοι δέ εἰσιν περὶ τῆς ταφῆς τοῦ ᾿Αδὰμ εἰρηκότες, Afpiκανὸς καὶ ὃ ἅγιος ᾿Αθανάσιος.

### English translation (Claude)

These are the ones who have spoken about the burial of Adam: Africanus and the holy Athanasius.

### Translation notes

- A testimony, not a quotation; Africanus's statement itself is not preserved here.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 2 (Routh 2:239; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-2).

## Fragment 3

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-3
- Source: Routh 2:239
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: On Gen 4:26: Enos, whose name means ‘man,’ first hoped to be called by God's name, as the Savior is truly son of man.

### Greek text

"Eves "ἤλπισεν ἐπικαλεῖσθαι τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου ToU Θεοῦ πρῶτος, τοῦτ᾽ ἔστι προσαγορεύεσθαι ὀνόματι εν ΑΝ» Θεοῦ" ἑρμηνεύεται yap ὁ 'Evós ὡσανεὶ ἄνθρωπος, κατὰ τὸν Ejpaikov νοῦν. οὕτω δὲ καὶ ὁ Σωτὴρ, υἱὸς ὄντως ἀνθρώπου κατὰ τον φυσικὸν λόγον. ᾿Αφρικανοῦ. Iac

### English translation (Claude)

Enos “hoped to call on the name of the Lord God” first, that is, to be addressed by the name of God; for Enos is interpreted as “man,” according to the Hebrew sense. So too the Savior, truly son of man according to the natural account.

### Scripture references

- Gen 4:26: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- The lemma is LXX Gen 4:26. The heading ‘Of Africanus’ for the next fragment is printed at the end in the OCR and is left untranslated.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 3 (Routh 2:239; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-3).

## Fragment 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-4
- Source: Routh 2:240
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: God's name is shared by all who come from him; in the incarnation he is called man, as the one in whom the fullness of the Godhead dwells bodily.

### Greek text

Λέγεται yap ὁμωνύμως ὁ Θεὸς πᾶσι rois ἐξ αὐτοῦ, το ἐπειδὴ ἐν πᾶσιν ἐστιν. ᾿Εν δὲ τῇ οἰκονομίᾳ, ὡς κατὰ τὴν ουσίαν ὅλην οὐσιωθεὶς, ἀνθρωπος λέγεται, κατὰ ειρημεένον ᾧ Κατοίκέει παν τὴς €oryTOS 7TAnGa σωματικῶς. 

### English translation (Claude)

For God is called homonymously by all who are from him, since he is in all. But in the economy, as having become substantial in the whole essence, he is called man, according to what is said: “in whom all the fullness of the Godhead dwells bodily.”

### Scripture references

- Col 2:9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- The sense of ‘as having become substantial in the whole essence’ is uncertain; the OCR is damaged.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 4 (Routh 2:240; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-4).

## Fragment 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-5
- Source: Routh 2:240
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Methuselah, eighth from Adam, lived 969 years, longer than any, a figure of the eighth day; Cain's and Seth's lines share the names Enoch, Methuselah and Lamech.

### Greek text

πλείονα χρόνον βιοῖ, TOv πρὸ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς εἰς ἡμᾶς" εἰς ἔτη σύμπαντα, “ἐννακόσια ἑξήκοντα ἐννέα. τάχα τι αὐτοῦ, διὰ τὴν ὑπερκόσμιον ὁγδοάδα, Κυριακὴν ἡμέραν. ὄγδοος γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ πρώτου τυγχάνει. 0 δ᾽ ὑστερεῖ τοῦτο μ Ν λή λ 2) Τούτῳ) πρὸς ἀναπλήρωσιν τῆς χιλιάδος, "πάντων εν ὑπάρχων πλήρωμα, ἀνεπλήρωσεν ὃ Σωτήρ. εἶτα φησίν" ^Eigi τρεῖς ὁμωνυμίαι τῶν ἀπὸ Kotv τοῖς ἀπὸ Σὴθ, Ἐνώχ, καὶ Μαθουσάλα, καὶ Λάμεχ. ασίϊηΐα

### English translation (Claude)

… lives a longer time than those before him and those after him down to us: in all, nine hundred and sixty-nine years; perhaps somewhat because of the ogdoad above the world, the Lord's day; for he happens to be eighth from the first. And what he falls short of the completion of the thousand, the Savior, being the fullness of all, filled up. Then he says: There are three names shared by the descendants of Cain with those of Seth: Enoch, Methuselah, and Lamech.

### Scripture references

- Gen 5:27: allusion, high confidence
- Gen 4:17–18: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- The beginning is lost in the OCR. The subject is Methuselah (Gen 5:27). The number symbolism (the ‘ogdoad’ as the Lord's day) is translated as written.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 5 (Routh 2:240; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-5).

## Fragment 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-6
- Source: Routh 2:241
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: The Septuagint chronology of the patriarchs from Adam to Lamech, with the ages at which each begot his successor.

### Greek text

Aaa γενόμενος ἐτῶν σλ΄. γεννᾷ τὸν Σὴθ, koi τούτοις ἐπίζησας ἔτη ἀπέθανεν, ἤτοι δεύτερον 0aνατον. ΣὴΘ γενόμενος ἐτῶν σε΄. ἐγέννησεν Αδὰμ τοίνυν μέχρι γενέσεως υλε. vos ὑπάρχων ἐτῶν γεννᾷ τὸν Καϊνᾶν. Καϊνᾶν δὲ ἐτῶν γεννᾷ τὸν Μαλαλεήλ. Μαλαλεὴλ δὲ ἐτῶν γεννᾷ τὸν ᾿Ιαρέδ. lapéó δὲ ἐτῶν ρξβ΄. γεννᾷ τὸν 'Evox. Ἐνὼχ δὲ ὑπάρχων ἐτῶν ρζε΄. γεννᾷ τὸν Μαθουσάλα. καὶ εὐαρεστήσας τῷ Θεῷ, ἐπιζγσας ἔτη σ΄, οὐχ εὑρίσκετο. Μαθουσάλα γενόμενος ἐτῶν ρπζ΄. ἐγέννησεν τὸν Λάμεχ. ἄμεχ ὑπάρχων ἐτῶν γεννᾷ ---.ὕ0......2-:.-ὦὖ

### English translation (Claude)

Adam, being 230 years old, begets Seth, and having lived after these … years, he died … . Seth, being 205 years old, begot (Enos); so from Adam up to the birth of Enos, 435 years. Enos, being … years old, begets Cainan. Cainan, being … years old, begets Mahalaleel. Mahalaleel, being … years old, begets Jared. Jared, being 162 years old, begets Enoch. Enoch, being 165 years old, begets Methuselah; and having pleased God, he lived 200 years more and was not found. Methuselah, being 187 years old, begot Lamech. Lamech, being … years old, begets …

### Scripture references

- Gen 5:3–28: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Several numbers are lost in the OCR (marked …); the numbers given are those of the Septuagint chronology that Africanus followed. A phrase after Adam's death (‘that is, a second death’) is garbled and left out.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 6 (Routh 2:241; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-6).

## Fragment 7

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-7
- Source: Routh 2:242
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: On Gen 6–8: the ‘sons of God’ are most likely Seth's descendants marrying Cain's, though if angels are meant they taught magic and astrology and fathered the giants; then the flood, the ark, and its resting on Ararat, whose two supposed sites Africanus says he visited.

### Greek text

«Πλήθους ἀνθρώπων γενομένου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἄγγελοι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ θυγατράσιν ἀνθρώπων συνῆλθον. ἐν ἐνίοις ἀντιγράφοις εὗρον, οἱ υἱοὶ ToU Θεοῦ. μυθεύεται δε, ὡς οἶμαι. ἀπὸ τοῦ £50 ὑπὸ τοῦ [4 Ψ Ν πνεύματος οἱ υἱοὶ Θεοῦ προσαγορεύονται, διὰ τοὺς αὐτοῦ γενεαλογουμένους δικαίους καὶ πατριάρχας ἄχρι τοῦ Σωτήῆρος᾽ rovs δ᾽ ἀπὸ Kaiv ἀνθρώπων ἀποκαλεῖ Ν ε 5.7 3 2 σπορὰν, ὡς οὐδὲ τι θεῖον ἐσχηκότας, διὰ πονηρίαν yéνους, καὶ διὰ τῆς φύσεως ἀνόμοιον: ἐπιμιχθέντων αὐτῶν τὴν ἀγανάκτησιν ποιήσασθαι τὸν Θεόν. εἰ δὲ ἐπ᾽ ἀγγέλων vootro ἔχειν τούτους τοὺς περὶ μαγείας kal γοητείας, eru δὲ ἀριθμῶν κινήσεως, notam) τῶν μετεώρων ταῖς γυναιξὶ τὴν γνῶσιν παραεδωκέναι, ὧν ἐποιήσαντο παῖδας τοὺς γίγαντας, ὃ 3 3 ᾽ὔ obs τῆς κακίας ἐπιγενομένης, ἔγνω πᾶν ἀφανίσαι ῊἜἝ 8 7 ζώων γένος 0 Θεὸς ἐν κατακλυσμῷ" "ἀπειλήσας ἐτὴ ovx ὑπερβησεσθαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους. μήδε νομι- το ζσθω ζήτημα, διὰ τὸ πλείονα χρόνον τινὰς ὕστερον βιῶναι. τὸ yap διάστημα τοῦ χρόνου γέγονεν ékarOv ἔτη μέχρι τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ κατὰ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν τῶν Noe διὰ δικαιοσύνην εὐαρεστήσαντι κιβωτὸν ὑπέθετο κατασκευάσαι Oeos: καὶ γενομένης, “εἰσῆλθον εἰς αὐτὴν, αὑτὸς τε Noe, καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ, καὶ ἡ γυνὴ, καὶ αἱ νύμφαι, καὶ ἀπὸ παντὸς ζώου ἀπαρχὴ, εἰς διαμονὴν τοῦ γένους. “ἦν δὲ [4 Ν ὔ ετων ἑξακοσίων ὁ Noe, ὅτε ὁ κατακλυσμὸς ἐγένετο. δὲ ἔληξε τὸ ὕδωρ, ἡ κιβωτὸς ἱδρυθὴ emi τὰ opm 'Apapàr, ἅ τινα ἴσμεν ἐν Παρθίᾳ εἶναι τινὲς δὲ ἐν Κελαιναῖς τῆς Φρυγίας εἶναι φασίν" εἶδον δὲ rov τόπον ἑκάτερον. ἐπεκράτησεν δὲ ὁ κατακλυσμὸς ἐνιαυτον᾽ καὶ τότε ἐξηράνθη ἡ γῆ" οἱ δὲ ἐξῆλθον τῆς κιβωτοῦ kara συζυγιας, ως ἐστιν ευρεινς και OUX €u07) ον Τρότον, ἡκατὰ γένη" μὲν οὖν ἕκαστον τῶν διαφερόντων τι σημαίνει.

### English translation (Claude)

“When men had multiplied on the earth, angels of heaven came together with daughters of men.” In some copies I found “the sons of God.” It is told, I think, that the descendants of Seth are called by the Spirit the sons of God, because of the righteous men and patriarchs descended from him down to the Savior; but those from Cain it calls the seed of men, as having nothing divine, because of the wickedness of their race and the unlikeness of their nature; and when these mingled, God was angered. But if it should be understood of angels, we must suppose that these were the ones concerned with magic and sorcery, and further with the motion of numbers and of the heavenly bodies, who imparted the knowledge of these to the women, from whom they made children, the giants; because of whom, wickedness having come upon the earth, God resolved to destroy every kind of living thing in a flood, having threatened that men would not exceed a hundred … years. And let it not be thought a problem that some later lived a longer time; for the interval of time until the flood against the sinners was a hundred … years. To Noah, who pleased God through righteousness, God gave the command to build an ark; and when it was made, there entered into it Noah himself and his sons and his wife and the daughters-in-law, and a firstfruit of every living thing, for the preservation of the race. Noah was six hundred years old when the flood came. And when the water ceased, the ark settled on the mountains of Ararat, which we know to be in Parthia; but some say they are at Celaenae in Phrygia; and I have seen both places. The flood prevailed for a year, and then the earth was dried. And they came out of the ark by pairs, … not in the way in which they went in, but by kinds; each of these differences signifies something.

### Scripture references

- Gen 6:1–4: quotation, high confidence
- Gen 6:3: allusion, high confidence
- Gen 7:6–7: allusion, high confidence
- Gen 8:4: allusion, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 En. 8.1-3 (1 Enoch): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- The number of years in Gen 6:3 (120 in the Bible) is incomplete in the OCR (‘a hundred …’). A few words near the end are garbled and translated by sense.
- The view that angels taught magic and astrology to women recalls 1 Enoch 7–8.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 7 (Routh 2:242; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-7).

## Fragment 8

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-8
- Source: Routh 2:244
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: From Adam to the flood are 2262 years.

### Greek text

5 3 σ ε Ν ἡ ὧε ἣν ἐτῶν Ore 0 κατακλυσμὸς ἐγένετο. yiveται τοίνυν ἀπο ᾿Αδὰμ μέχρι Νῶε kal ToU κατακλυσμοῦ βσξβ΄. ἔτη.

### English translation (Claude)

… was … years old when the flood came. There are, then, from Adam to Noah and the flood 2262 years.

### Translation notes

- The beginning is lost in the OCR.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 8 (Routh 2:244; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-8).

## Fragment 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-9
- Source: Routh 2:245
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: The chronology from the flood to Abraham, whose entry into Canaan falls in the year 3277 of the world; the name ‘Hebrew’ means ‘one who crosses over.’

### Greek text

Μετὰ δὲ τὸν κατακλυσμὸν Σὴμ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Αρφαζάδ. ᾿Αρφαζξὰδ δὲ γενόμενος ἐτῶν ρλε΄. γεννᾷ τὸν Σαλὰ, βτιζ (Nescit? τερον Καϊνᾶν, Σαλὰ γενόμενος ἐτῶν ρλ΄. γεννᾷ τὸν Ἕβερ, βῴκζ΄. Ἕβερ γενόμενος ἐτῶν ρλδ΄. γεννᾷ τὸν Φαλὲκ, βχξα΄. οὕτως ἐπικληθέντα διὰ τὸ ἐν ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ μερισθῆναι τὴν γῆν. TOv Paya), kai ἐπιζήσας ἔτη ἐτελεύτησεν. Φαλεκ ἐτῶν ρλ΄. ἐγέννησε ᾿Απὸ ᾿Αδὰμ ἐπὶ τελευτὴν Φαλὲκ ἔτη γ. Ραγαῦ ἐτῶν γενόμενος ἐγέννησε τὸν Zepovx. Σεροὺχ ρλ΄. τὸν Ναχώρ. Ναχὼρ οθ΄. τὸν Θάρα. Θάρα ο΄. ἐτῶν τὸν ᾿Αβραὰμ, καὶ Ναχὼρ, koi' Appav. Τῷ γσοζ΄. ἔτει τοῦ κόσμου ἐπέβη ᾿Αβραὰμ τῆς ἐπηγγελμένης Χαναναίτιδος γῆς. Ἔνθεν ἄρχεται τῶν “Ἑβραίων ἡ προσωνυμία. βάιρι γὰρ οἱ περατοῖ ἑρμηνεύονται, διαπεράσαντος Εὐφράτην ᾿Αβραάμ: καὶ οὐχ, ὦ οἴονταί τινες, ἀπὸ Efep τοῦ προειρημένου. Συνάγεται τοίνυν εἰς τὴν ἐπίβασιν τῆς κατηγγελμενὴς γῆς ᾿Αβραὰμ, ἀπὸ μὲν τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ καὶ Noe, δέ 4 5 δὲ ᾿Αδὰ μ᾿ γένεων Μιε. αἸΤὸ

### English translation (Claude)

After the flood Shem begot Arphaxad. Arphaxad, being 135 years old, begets Salah, (in the year) 2397; (the second Cainan is not known to him). Salah, being 130 years old, begets Eber, (in the year) 2527. Eber, being 134 years old, begets Peleg, (in the year) 2661; he was so named because in his days the earth was divided. Peleg, being 130 years old, begot Reu, and having lived … years, he died. From Adam to the death of Peleg, 3000 years. Reu, being … years old, begot Serug. Serug at 130 (begot) Nahor; Nahor at 79, Terah; Terah at 70, Abraham and Nahor and Haran. In the 3277th year of the world Abraham entered the promised land of Canaan. From here begins the name of the Hebrews; for “Hebrews” is interpreted “those who cross over,” since Abraham crossed the Euphrates; and not, as some think, from the Eber mentioned above. There are, then, up to Abraham's entry into the promised land, from the flood and Noah … years, and from Adam … generations …

### Scripture references

- Gen 11:10–26: allusion, high confidence
- Gen 10:25: allusion, high confidence
- Gen 12:5: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Some numbers are lost or garbled in the OCR (…); the order of the clauses on Peleg is confused in the staged text and is translated in its natural order. The remark that the second Cainan (LXX Gen 11:12–13) ‘is not known’ is uncertain: the OCR mixes it with a Latin note of the editor.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 9 (Routh 2:245; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-9).

## Fragment 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-10
- Source: Routh 2:246
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus rejects the vast Egyptian, Phoenician and Chaldaean chronologies in favor of the Jewish reckoning of 5,500 years to Christ, and gives his epitome of Manetho's thirty-one dynasties of Egypt, placing the Exodus under Amos, first king of the eighteenth dynasty.

### Greek text

Αἰγύπτιοι μεν οὖν ἐπὶ κομπωδέστερον, χρονων περιττὰς περιόδους kai μυριάδας ἐτῶν, κατὰ θέσιν τινὰ τῶν Tap αὐτοῖς àcTpoAoyovuévov ἐξέθεντο. ἅς τινες τῶν ταῦτα ἀκριβοῦν δοξάντων συστέλλοντες σεληνιαίους εἶπον ἐνιαυτούς" οὐδὲν ἔλαττον ἐπὶ ΤΟ μυθῶδες απονενεύκοτές, συμπίπτουσι ταᾶις ΟΚΤΩ καὶ ἐννέα χιλιάσιν ἐτῶν, ἃς Αἰγυπτίων οἱ παρὰ lIAaτωνα ἱερεῖς εἰς Σόλωνα καταριθμοῦντες οὐκ ἀληθεύουσιν. Καὶ μετ᾽ ὀλίγα. Τὰ γὰρ Φοινίκων τρισμύρια ἔτη, ἢ τὸν TOv Χαλδαίων λῆρον, TOv τῶν τεσσαράκοντα ὀκτὼ μυριάδων τί δεῖ καὶ λέγειν ἐκ rovrov γὰρ ᾿Ιουδαῖοι ἀνέκαθεν γεγονότες, ἀπὸ Αβραὰμ ἀρξάμενοι, ἀτυφότερόν 23 μὴ 5 Ν kai ἀνθρωπίνως, μετὰ Μωσέως πνεύματος διδαχθέντες, ἔκ τε τῶν λοιπῶν Εβραϊκῶν ἱστοριῶν, ἀριθμὸν ἐτῶν πεντάκις χιλίων πεντακοσίων εἰς τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν τοῦ Σωτηρίου Λόγου τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς μοναρχίας τῶν Καισάρων κηρυσσομένην παραδεδώκασιν. Περὶ τῶν μετὰ τὸν κατακλυσμὸν Αἰγύπτου Δυναστειῶν, ὡς ὁ ᾿Αφρικανός. α΄. Mera νεκύας τεία καταριθμεῖται βασιλέων ὀκτὼ, ὧν πρῶτος Myvys Θεινίτης ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη ξβ΄. ὃς ὑπὸ ἱπποποτάμου διαρπαγεὶς διεφθάρη. β΄. ᾿Αθῶθις υἱὸς ἔτη νζ΄. ὁ τὰ ἐν Μέμφει βασίλεια οἰκοδομήσας" οὗ φέρονται βίβλοι ἀνατομικαὶ, ἰατρὸς γὰρ ἦν. γ΄. Κενκένης υἱὸς ἔτη λα΄. δ΄. Οὐενέφης υἱὸς ἔτη κγ΄. ἐφ᾽ οὗ λιμὸς κατέσχε τὴν Αἴγυπτον μέγας" οὗτος τὰς περὶ Κωχώμην ἤγειρε πυραμίδας. Οὐσαφαῖδος υἱὸς ἔτη κ΄. ς΄. Νιεβὲς υἱὸς ἔτη κς΄. ζ΄. Σεμέμψης υἱὸς ἔτη ιη΄. ἐφ᾽ οὗ φθορὰ μεγίστη κατέσχεν τὴν Αἴγυπτον. 9. Βιηνεχὴς υἱὸς ἔτη κς΄. Ὁμοῦ ἔτη σνγ΄. Δευτέρα Δυναστεία βασιλέων ἐννέα. Ὧν πρῶτος Βῶχος ἔτη λη΄. ἐφ᾽ οὗ χάσμα κατὰ Βονβαστον ἐγένετο, καὶ ἀπώλοντο πολλοί. β΄. Καιαχῶς ἔτη ἐφ᾽ οὗ οἱ βόες Amis ἐν Μέμde. καὶ Μνεύις ἐν ἩἩλιοπόλει καὶ ὁ Μενδήσιος τράγος; ἐνομίσθησαν εἶναι Θεοί. Βίνωθρις ἔτη μζ΄. ἐφ᾽ οὗ ἐκρίθη τὰς γυναῖκας βασιλείας γέρας ἔχειν. δ΄. Τλᾶς ἔτη ιζ΄. Σεθένης ἔτη ς΄. Χοέρης ἔτη ιζ΄. ζ΄. Νεφερχέρης ἔτη ἐφ᾽ οὗ μυθεύεται τὸν Νεῖλον μέλιτι κεκραμένον ἡμέραις ἑνδέκα ῥυῆναι. η΄. Σέσωχρις ἔτη μη. ὃς ὕψος εἶχε πηχῶν ε. mAaros παλαιστῶν γ΄. θ΄. Χενερὴς, ἔτη Ὁμοῦ ἔτη τβ΄. μοῦ πρώτης καὶ δευτέρας ὀυναστείας μετὰ TOV15 κατακλυσμὸν érm Qve. (φξέεʼ.). κατὰ τὴν δευτέραν ἔκδοσιν ᾿Αφρικανοῦ. Τρίτη Δυναστεία Μεμφιτῶν βασιλέων ἐννέα: ὧν α΄. Νεχερόφης ἔτη ἐφ᾽ οὗ Λίβυες ἀπέστησαν Αἰγυπτίων, kai τῆς σελήνης παρὰ λόγον αὐξηθείσης, διὰ δέος ἑαυτοὺς παρέδοσαν. β. Τοόσορθρος ἔτη κθ΄. οὗτος ᾿Ασκλήπιος Αἰγυπτίοις κατὰ τὴν ἰατρικὴν νενόμισται, καὶ τὴν διὰ ξεστῶν λίθων οἰκοδομίαν εὕρατο, ἀλλὰ καὶ γραφῆς ἐπεμελήθη. γ΄. Τυρίς ἔτη ζ΄. δ΄. Μέσωχρις ἐτη ιζ΄. Σώυφις ἔτη ις΄. ς΄. Τοσέρτασις ἔτη ιθ΄. 10. Ἄχης ἔτη μβ΄. η΄. Σίφουρις ἔτη λ΄. θ΄. Κερφέρης ἔτη κς΄. Ὁμοῦ éry σιδ΄. Ὁμοῦ τῶν τριῶν Δυναστειῶν, κατὰ τὸν ᾿Αφρικανὸν, ἔτη ψέθ΄. (ψοθʼ Τετάρτη Δυναστεία Μεμφιτῶν, συγγενείας ἑτέρας, βασιλεῖς ἡ. α΄. Σώρις ἔτη κθ΄. β΄. Σοῦφις ἔτη ὃς τὴν μεγίστην ἤγειρε mvpaμίδα: ἣν φησὶν ἩΗρόδοτος ὑπὸ Χέοπος γεγονεναι. οὗτος δὲ καὶ ὑπερόπτης εἰς Θεοὺς ἐγένετοʼ καὶ τὴν ἱερὰν συνέγραψε βίβλον, ἣν ὡς μέγα χρῆμα ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ γενόμενος ἐκτησάμην. Σοῦφις ἔτη ἕς΄. δ΄. Μενχέρης ἔτη Ῥατοίσης ἔτη κέ. ς΄. Βιχέρης ἔτη κβ΄. ζ΄. Σεβερχέρης ἔτη ζ΄. η΄. Θαμφθὶς ἔτη θ΄. Ὁμοῦ ἔτη σοδ΄. Ὁμοῦ τῶν δ΄. Δυναστειῶν τῶν μετὰ τὸν κατακλυσμὸν éry aey kar ᾿Αφρικανόν. Πέμπτη Δυναστεία βασιλέων ἐξ 'EAeQavrivgs. 25 α΄. Οὐσερχέρης ἔτη κη΄. β΄. Σεφρὴς ἔτη ιγ΄. γ΄. Νεφερχέρης ἔτη κ΄. δ΄. Σίσιρις ἔτη ζ΄. Μερχερὴς ἔτη 6. η΄. 'Ταρχέρης ἔτη μδ΄. θ΄. "Ofvos ἔτη λγ΄. 5. Ὁμοῦ ἔτη σμη΄. (auj.) Γίνονται σὺν τοῖς προτεταγμένοις αμς΄. ἔτεσιν τῶν τεσσάρων Δυναστειῶν ἔτη ασ δ΄. (aoma.) Ἕκτη Δυναστεία βασιλέων ἐξ Μεμφιτῶν. α. Ὀθώης ἔτη λ΄. ὃς ὑπὸ τῶν δορυφόρων ἀνῃρέθη. β΄. duos ἔτη νγ΄. γ΄. Μεθουσουφὶς ἔτη ζ΄. δ. Φίωψ ἑξαετὴς ἀρξάμενος βασιλεύειν, διεγένετο μεχρις ἐτῶν ρ΄. ε΄. Μεντεσοῦφις ἔτος ἕν. ς΄. Νίτωκρις γεννικωτάτη καὶ εὐμορφοτάτη τῶν κατ᾽ αὐτὴν γενομένη, ξανθὴ τὴν xpow ἣ τὴν τρίτην ἤγειρε πυραμίδα ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη ιβ΄. Ὁμοῦ ἔτη Γίνονται τῶν Δυναστειῶν ἔτη aviC (avmÓ.) ἝἙ βδόμη Avvacreía Μεμφιτῶν βασιλέων ο΄. ἐβασιλευσαν ἡμέρας ο΄. ᾿Ογδόη Δυναστεία Μεμφιτῶν βασιλέων κζ΄. ἐβασίλευσαν ἔτη pps. Γίνονται σὺν τοῖς προτεταγμένοις ἔτη αχλθ΄. τῶν ὀκτὼ Δυναστειῶν. "Evvéry Δυναστεία ἩἩρακλεοπολιτῶν βασιλέων ιθ΄. οἱ ἐβασίλευσαν ἔτη υθ΄. ὧν Ὁ πρῶτος ᾿Αχθόης δεινότατος τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ γενόμενος, τοῖς ἐν πάσῃ Αἰγύπτῳ κακὰ εἰργάσατο" ὕστερον δὲ μανίᾳ περιέπεσε, καὶ ὑπὸ κροκοδείλου διεφθάρη. Δεκάτη Δυναστεία ᾿Ηρακλεοπολιτῶν βασιλέων ιθ΄. οἱ ἐβασίλευσαν ἔτη ρπε. "E»óexar Δυναστεία Διοσπολιτῶν βασιλέων ις΄. οἱ ἐβασίλευσαν ἔτη μγ΄. Μεθ᾿ οὺς ᾿Αμμενέμης ἔτη Μέχρι τοῦδε τὸν πρῶτον τόμον καταγήοχεν ὁ Μανεθώ. Ὁμοῦ βασιλεῖς ριβ΄. ἡμέραι 5.9 Δωδεκάτη Δυναστεία Διοσπολιτῶν βασιλέων ἑπτά. α΄. Σεσογχωσις ᾿Αμμανεέμου β΄. ᾿Αμμανέμης ἔτη λη. ὃς ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων εὐνούχων ἀνῃρέθη. Σεσωστρις éry ὃς ἅπασαν ἐχειρώσατο τὴν Ασίαν ἐν ἐνιαυτοῖς ἐννέα, koi τῆς Εὐρώπης τὰ μέχρι Θράκης" πανταχόσε μνημόσυνα ἐγείρας τῆς τῶν ἐθνῶν κατασχέσεως" ἐπὶ μὲν τοῖς γενναίοις, ἀνδρῶν" ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς ἀγεννέσι, γυναικῶν μόρια ταῖς στήλαις ἐγχαράσ σων᾽ ὃς πρῶτον νομισθῆναι. ὰ δ δ΄. Λαχάρης ἔτη η΄. ὃς τὸν ἐν ᾿Αρσενοίτῃ λαβύρινθον ἑαυτῷ τάφον κατεσκεύασεν. ᾿Αμμερὴς érp 9. ᾿Αμμενέμης ἔτη η΄. ζ΄. Σκεμίοφρις ἀδελφὴ ἔτη δ΄. Ὁμοῦ ἐτὴ ρξ΄. Τρισκαιδεκάτη Avvaareía Διοσπολιτῶν βασιλέων οἱ ἐβασίλευσαν υνγ΄. ἐτη. Τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτη Δυναστεία ᾿Ξοιτῶν βασιλέων ἐβασίλευσαν ἔτη Πεντεκαιδεκάτη Δυναστεία ἸΠοιμένων. Ἤσαν δὲ Φοίνικες ξένοι βασιλεῖς ς΄. οἱ καὶ Μέμφιν εἷλον. οἱ καὶ ἐν τῷ XeÜpoiry νομῷ πόλιν ἔκτισαν, ἀφ 55$ ορμώμενοι Αἰγυπτίους €xe.pooa'avTOo* ων α΄. Σαΐϊτης ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη ιθ΄. ἀφ᾽ καὶ ὁ Σαΐτης νομός. β΄. Βνῶν ἔτη μδ΄. Παχνᾶν ἔτη ξα΄. 10. 0. Σταὰν ἔτη ν΄. ΓΑρχλης ἔτη μθ΄. ς΄. ΓΛφωβις ἔτη ξα΄. Ὁμοῦ erg σπδ΄. "Exkoudekarg Δυναστεία, Ποιμένες ἄλλοι βασιλεῖς 25. λβ΄. ἐβασίλευσαν ἔτη ᾿Ἑπτακαιδεκάτη Δυναστεία, Ποιμένες ἄλλοι βασιλεῖς μγ΄. καὶ Θηβαῖοι Διοσπολῖται μγ΄. Ὁμοῦ οἱ Ποιμένες, καὶ οἱ Θηβαῖοι ἐβασίλευσαν ἔτη ᾿Οκτωκαιδεκάτη Δυναστεία Διοσπολιτῶν βασιλέων ις΄. Πρῶτος ΓΑμως, ἐφ᾽ οὗ ὁ Μωσῆς ἐξῆλθεν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, ὡς ἡμεῖς ἀποδείκνυμεν. Δεύτερος κατὰ ᾿Αφρικανὸν κατὰ τὴν ιη΄. Δυναστείαν ἐβασίλευσε Χεβρὼς ἔτη ιγ΄. Τρίτος ᾿Αμενωφθὶς ἔτη κδ΄. Τέταρτος ᾿Αμερσὶς ἐτὴ κβ΄. Πέμπτος Μίσαφρις ἔτη ιγ΄. Ἕκτος Μισφραγμούθωσις ἔτη ἐφ᾽ οὗ ὁ ἐπὶ Δευκαλίωνος κατακλυσμός. Τούθμωσις ἔτη θ΄. 9. ᾿Αμενῶφις ἔτη λα΄. οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Μέμνων εἶναι νομιζόμενος, καὶ φθεγγόμενος λίθος. θ΄. *Qpos ἔτη λζ΄. ᾿Αχεῤῥῆς ἔτη λβ΄. ια΄. 'Pafos ἔτη ἕξ. ιβ΄. Χεβρῆς ἔτη (8. ιγ΄. ᾿Αχεῤῥῆς ἔτη ιβ΄. ιδ΄, ᾿Αρμεσῆς ἐτὴ ιε΄. Ῥαμμεσσῆς ἔτος ἕν. το ς΄. ᾿Αμενῶφ ἐτη ιθ΄. Ὁμοῦ ἔτη céy. ᾿Εννεακαιδεκάτη Δυναστεία βασιλέων ζ΄. Διοσπολιτῶν, α΄. Σέθως ἔτη β΄. Ῥαψάκης ἔτη ξα΄. γ΄. ᾿Αμμενέφθης ἔτη κ΄. δ΄. Ῥαμεσῆς ἐτὴ ξ΄. ᾿Αμμενεμνῆς erg ς΄. Oovopis, ὁ παρ᾽ ὋὋμήρῳ καλούμενος Πόλυβος, ᾿Αλκάνδρας ἀνὴρ, ἐφ᾽ οὗ τὸ Ἴλιον ἑάλω, ἔτη ζ΄. Ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ δευτέρου τόμου Μανεθῶ βασιλεῖς βρκα. (βσιςʼ.) Eikoor? Δυναστεία βασιλέων Διοσπολιτῶν ιβ΄. οἱ ἐβασίλευσαν ἔτη ρλέ. Πρώτη καὶ εἰκοστὴ Δυναστεία βασιλέων 'Γανιτῶν ζ΄. α΄. Σμενδῆς ἔτη κς΄. β΄. Ψουσένης ἢ Ψουνέσης ἔτη γ΄. Νεφελχερὴς ἔτη δ΄. δ΄. ᾿Αμενενωφθὶς ἔτη θ΄. ς΄. Ψιναχὴς ἔτη 0. ζ΄. Σουσέννης ἔτη ιδ΄. Ὁμοῦ ἐτὴ ρλ΄. Εἰκόστη δευτέρα Avvaareia. Βουβαστιτῶν βασιλέων 0 Πρῶτος Σέσογχις ἔτη κα΄. β΄. ᾿Οσόρθων ἔτη ιε΄. γ΄. 9. ἔΑλλοι τρεῖς ἔτη ς΄. Τακέλλωθις ἔτη ιγ΄. το ζ΄. η. 0. ΓΑλλοι τρεῖς ἔτη μβ΄. Ὁμοῦ ἐτη pus Τρίτη kai εἰκοστὴ Δυναστεία Τανιτῶν βασιλεων α΄. Πετουβάστης ἔτη μ΄. ἐφ᾽ οὗ ᾿Ολυμπιὰς ἤχθη πρώτη. β΄. Ocopxà ἔτη η. ὃν Ἡρακλέα Αἰγύπτιοι καλοῦσιν. Ψαμμοῦς ἔτη Ὁμοῦ πθ΄. Τετάρτη kai εἰκοστὴ Δυναστεία. Βόκχορις Σαΐτης ἔτη ς΄. ἐφ᾽ οὗ ἀρνίον ἐφθέγξατο. [Ἔτη EikooT:) καὶ πέμπτη Δυναστεία Αἰθιόπων βασιλέων τριῶν. 3 ε Α δ Σαββάκων, ὃς αἰχμάλωτον Βοκχοριν €AQv εκαυσε ζῶντα, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν éry η΄. β΄. Σεύηχος vios ἔτη ιδ΄. Ταρκος ἐτὴ Ὁμοῦ erp μ΄. α΄. Στεφινάτης ἔτη ζ΄. β΄. Νεχεψῶς ἔτη σ΄. Νεχαὼ ἔτη 9. δ΄. Ψαμμίτιχος ἔτη νδ΄. Νεχαὼ δεύτερος ἔτη ς΄. οὗτος εἷλε τὴν 'lepovσαλὴμ. καὶ ᾿Ιωαχᾶς τὸν βασιλέα αἰχμάλωτον εἰς Αιγυπτον ἀπήγαγεν. ς΄. Ψάμμουθις ἕτερος ἔτη ἕξ. ζ΄. Οὔαφρις ἔτη ιθ΄. ᾧ προσέφυγον ἁλούσης ὑπὸ ᾿Ασσυρίων ἱΙερουσαλὴμ οἱ τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων ὑπόλοιποι. ΓΑμωσις ἔτη μδ΄. θ΄. Ψαμμεχερίτης μῆνας ς΄. ὋὉμοῦ ἐτὴ ρν΄. καὶ μῆνας ς΄. '"E860j) kai εἰκοστὴ Avvaareia Περσῶν βασιλέων η΄. α΄. Καμβύσης ἔτη τῆς αὐτοῦ βασιλείας Περσῶν, ἐβασίλευσεν Αἰγύπτου ἐτὴ ς΄. β΄. Δαρεῖος Ὑστάσπου ἔτη λς΄. Ξέρξης ὃ μέγας ἔτη δ΄. ᾿Αρταβανὸς μῆνας ζ΄. Ὡς ε΄. ᾿Αρταξέρξης ἔτη μα΄. ς΄. Ξέρξης μῆνας δύο. ζ΄. Σογδιανὸς μῆνας ζ΄. η΄. Δαρεῖος Ξέρξου ἔτη ιθ΄. Ὁμοῦ ἔτη ρκδʼ μῆνας δ΄. Εἰκοστὴ ὀγδόη Δυναστεία. ᾿Αμύρτεως Σαΐϊτης ἔτη ς΄. ᾿Εννατὴ καὶ εἰκοστὴ Δυναστεία Μενδησίων βασιλέων δ΄. α΄. Νεφερίτης ἔτη ς΄. β΄. Axopis ἔτη ιγ΄. γ΄. Ψαμμουθὶς ἔτος α΄. δ΄. Νεφορότης μῆνας δ΄. Ὁμοῦ ἔτη μῆνας 'Τριακοστὴ Δυναστεία Σεβεννύτων βασιλέων τριῶν. α΄. Νεκτανέβης ἐτὴ β΄. Τέως ern β΄. Νεκτάνεβος ἔτη Ὁμοῦ ἐτὴ λη. TpiuakooT) πρώτη Δυναστεία llepaov βασιλέων τριῶν. α΄. Ὦχος εἰκοστῷ ἔτει τῆς αὐτοῦ βασιλείας Περσῶν, ἐβασιλευσεν Αἰγύπτου ἐτὴ ς. ᾿Αρσῆς erg το Δαρεῖος ἔτη δ΄. Ὁμοῦ ἔτη γ΄. Τόμου (ον. Μέχρι τῶνδε Μανεθῶς. Τὰ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα Ἑλληνικῶν συγγραφέων.

### English translation (Claude)

The Egyptians, with a more boastful air, set out excessive periods of time and myriads of years, according to a certain theory of those among them who practice astrology; some of those who appear to be exact about these matters, contracting them, have called them lunar years; but, inclining no less to the fabulous, they arrive at the eight or nine thousand years which the priests of the Egyptians in Plato reckon to Solon, not truly. And a little after: For why need one even mention the thirty thousand years of the Phoenicians, or the nonsense of the Chaldaeans, their forty-eight myriads? For the Jews, descended from them from of old, beginning from Abraham, more modestly and in human fashion, taught by the spirit of Moses and from the other Hebrew histories, have handed down the number of five thousand five hundred years up to the appearance of the saving Word, which was proclaimed in the time of the monarchy of the Caesars.
On the dynasties of Egypt after the flood, according to Africanus.
First dynasty. After the dead, the demigods, are reckoned eight kings, of whom the first, Menes of This, reigned 62 years; he was carried off by a hippopotamus and perished. 2. Athothis, his son, 57 years; he built the palace at Memphis; books on anatomy are ascribed to him, for he was a physician. 3. Kenkenes, his son, 31 years. 4. Uenephes, his son, 23 years; in his time a great famine seized Egypt; he raised the pyramids near Kochome. 5. Usaphaidos, his son, 20 years. 6. Miebis, his son, 26 years. 7. Semempses, his son, 18 years; in his time a very great pestilence seized Egypt. 8. Bieneches, his son, 26 years. Total, 253 years.
Second dynasty, of nine kings. Of whom the first, Bochos, 38 years; in his time a chasm opened at Bubastis, and many perished. 2. Kaiechos, … years; in his time the bulls Apis at Memphis and Mnevis at Heliopolis and the goat of Mendes were held to be gods. 3. Binothris, 47 years; in his time it was decided that women might hold the royal office. 4. Tlas, 17 years. 5. Sethenes, … years. 6. Chaires, 17 years. 7. Nephercheres, … years; in his time, it is told, the Nile flowed mixed with honey for eleven days. 8. Sesochris, 48 years; he was five cubits tall and three palms broad. 9. Cheneres, … years. Total, 302 years. Total of the first and second dynasties after the flood, 555 years, according to the second edition of Africanus.
Third dynasty, of nine kings of Memphis; of whom 1. Necherophes, … years; in his time the Libyans revolted from the Egyptians, and when the moon waxed beyond reckoning they surrendered out of fear. 2. Tosorthros, 29 years; he is regarded by the Egyptians as Asclepius for his medicine, and he discovered building with hewn stones, and also gave attention to writing. 3. Tyreis, 7 years. 4. Mesochris, 17 years. 5. Soyphis, 16 years. 6. Tosertasis, 19 years. 7. Aches, 42 years. 8. Siphuris, 30 years. 9. Kerpheres, 26 years. Total, 214 years. Total of the three dynasties, according to Africanus, 769 years.
Fourth dynasty, of Memphites of another family, eight kings. 1. Soris, 29 years. 2. Suphis, … years; he raised the greatest pyramid, which Herodotus says was made under Cheops; he became contemptuous toward the gods and wrote the sacred book, which I acquired as a great treasure when I was in Egypt. 3. Suphis, 66 years. 4. Mencheres, … years. 5. Ratoises, 25 years. 6. Bicheris, 22 years. 7. Sebercheres, 7 years. 8. Thampthis, 9 years. Total, 274 years. Total of the four dynasties after the flood, according to Africanus, … years.
Fifth dynasty, of kings from Elephantine. 1. Usercheres, 28 years. 2. Sephres, 13 years. 3. Nephercheres, 20 years. 4. Sisires, 7 years. … Mercheres, … years. 8. Tarcheres, 44 years. 9. Onnos, 33 years. Total, 248 years. Together with the 1046 years of the four dynasties placed before, … years.
Sixth dynasty, of kings of Memphis. 1. Othoes, 30 years; he was killed by his bodyguards. 2. Phios, 53 years. 3. Methusuphis, 7 years. 4. Phiops, who began to reign at six years of age, continued until his hundredth year. 5. Menthesuphis, one year. 6. Nitocris, the noblest and most beautiful woman of her time, fair of complexion, who raised the third pyramid, reigned 12 years. Total, … years. Total of the dynasties, … years.
Seventh dynasty, of seventy kings of Memphis, who reigned seventy days.
Eighth dynasty, of twenty-seven kings of Memphis, who reigned … years. Together with those placed before, 1639 years of the eight dynasties.
Ninth dynasty, of nineteen kings of Heracleopolis, who reigned 409 years; the first of whom, Achthoes, became more terrible than those before him and did evil to those in all Egypt; but later he fell into madness and was destroyed by a crocodile.
Tenth dynasty, of nineteen kings of Heracleopolis, who reigned 185 years.
Eleventh dynasty, of sixteen kings of Diospolis, who reigned 43 years. After whom Ammenemes, … years. Up to this point Manetho brought his first volume. Total, 112 kings; … days.
Twelfth dynasty, of seven kings of Diospolis. 1. Sesonchosis, son of Ammanemes, … 2. Ammanemes, 38 years; he was killed by his own eunuchs. 3. Sesostris, … years; he subdued all Asia in nine years, and Europe as far as Thrace, everywhere raising memorials of his conquest of the peoples, engraving on the stelae the private parts of men for the brave peoples and of women for the ignoble; so that he was held to be the first … 4. Lachares, 8 years; he built the labyrinth in the Arsinoite nome as his own tomb. 5. Ammeres, … years. 6. Ammenemes, 8 years. 7. Skemiophris, his sister, 4 years. Total, 160 years.
Thirteenth dynasty, of … kings of Diospolis, who reigned 453 years.
Fourteenth dynasty, of … kings of Xois, who reigned … years.
Fifteenth dynasty, of Shepherds. They were six foreign Phoenician kings, who also took Memphis; they also founded a city in the Sethroite nome, from which they set out and subdued the Egyptians. Of these, 1. Saites reigned 19 years; after him the Saite nome is named. 2. Bnon, 44 years. 3. Pachnan, 61 years. 4. Staan, 50 years. 5. Archles, 49 years. 6. Aphobis, 61 years. Total, 284 years.
Sixteenth dynasty: other Shepherd kings, thirty-two; they reigned … years.
Seventeenth dynasty: other Shepherd kings, forty-three, and Thebans of Diospolis, forty-three. Together the Shepherds and the Thebans reigned … years.
Eighteenth dynasty, of sixteen kings of Diospolis. The first, Amos, in whose time Moses went out of Egypt, as we show. The second, according to Africanus in the eighteenth dynasty, Chebros reigned 13 years. The third, Amenophthis, 24 years. The fourth, Amersis, 22 years. The fifth, Misaphris, 13 years. The sixth, Misphragmuthosis, … years; in his time was the flood in the days of Deucalion. 7. Tuthmosis, 9 years. 8. Amenophis, 31 years; this is the one thought to be Memnon and the speaking stone. 9. Horos, 37 years. 10. Acherres, 32 years. 11. Rathos, 6 years. 12. Chebres, 12 years. 13. Acherres, 12 years. 14. Armeses, … years. 15. Rammesses, one year. 16. Amenoph, 19 years. Total, 263 years.
Nineteenth dynasty, of seven kings of Diospolis. 1. Sethos, … years. 2. Rapsaces, 61 years. 3. Ammenephthes, 20 years. 4. Rameses, 60 years. 5. Ammenemnes, … years. 6. Thuoris, who is called Polybus by Homer, the husband of Alcandra, in whose time Ilium was taken, 7 years. In this second volume of Manetho, … kings, 2121 years.
Twentieth dynasty, of twelve kings of Diospolis, who reigned 135 years.
Twenty-first dynasty, of seven kings of Tanis. 1. Smendes, 26 years. 2. Psusennes (or Psunesis), … years. 3. Nephelcheres, 4 years. 4. Amenophthis, 9 years. … 6. Psinaches, 9 years. 7. Susennes, 14 years. Total, 130 years.
Twenty-second dynasty, of … kings of Bubastis. The first, Sesonchis, 21 years. 2. Osorthon, 15 years. 3–5. Three others, … years. 6. Takellothis, 13 years. 7–9. Three others, 42 years. Total, … years.
Twenty-third dynasty, of kings of Tanis. 1. Petubastes, 40 years; in his time the first Olympiad was held. 2. Osorcho, 8 years, whom the Egyptians call Heracles. 3. Psammus, … years. Total, 89 years.
Twenty-fourth dynasty. Bochchoris of Sais, 6 years; in his time a lamb spoke. …
Twenty-fifth dynasty, of three Ethiopian kings. 1. Sabbakon, who took Bochchoris captive and burned him alive, and reigned 8 years. 2. Sebichos, his son, 14 years. 3. Tarkos, … years. Total, 40 years.
… 1. Stephinates, 7 years. 2. Nechepsos, 6 years. 3. Nechao, … years. 4. Psammitichos, 54 years. 5. Nechao the second, 6 years; he took Jerusalem and led King Joahaz captive into Egypt. 6. Psammuthis, another, 6 years. 7. Uaphris, 19 years; to him the remnant of the Jews fled when Jerusalem was taken by the Assyrians. 8. Amosis, 44 years. 9. Psammecherites, 6 months. Total, 150 years and 6 months.
Twenty-seventh dynasty, of eight Persian kings. 1. Cambyses, in the … year of his reign over the Persians, reigned over Egypt 6 years. 2. Darius son of Hystaspes, 36 years. 3. Xerxes the Great, … years. 4. Artabanus, 7 months. 5. Artaxerxes, 41 years. 6. Xerxes, two months. 7. Sogdianus, 7 months. 8. Darius son of Xerxes, 19 years. Total, 124 years and 4 months.
Twenty-eighth dynasty. Amyrteos of Sais, 6 years.
Twenty-ninth dynasty, of four kings of Mendes. 1. Nepherites, 6 years. 2. Achoris, 13 years. 3. Psammuthis, one year. 4. Nephorotes, 4 months. Total, … years and … months.
Thirtieth dynasty, of three kings of Sebennytus. 1. Nectanebes, … years. 2. Teos, 2 years. 3. Nectanebos, … years. Total, 38 years.
Thirty-first dynasty, of three Persian kings. 1. Ochus, in the twentieth year of his reign over the Persians, reigned over Egypt … years. 2. Arses, … years. 3. Darius, 4 years. Total, … years. Third volume. Up to this point Manetho. What follows is from Greek writers.

### Scripture references

- 2 Kgs 23:33–34: allusion, medium confidence
- Jer 43:7: allusion, low confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- Plato, Tim. 23e (Plato (works)): allusion, high confidence
- Herodotus, Hist. 2.124 (Herodotus, Histories): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- The king lists are Africanus's epitome of Manetho, preserved by George Syncellus. In the OCR many numbers are lost or garbled, and ordinal numbers often merge with the regnal years; lost or unreadable numbers are marked …, and where the ordinal is lost it is supplied from the sequence. The editor's alternative totals printed in parentheses are left out. The heading of the twenty-sixth dynasty and parts of several dynasties are lost in the OCR (marked …). Two marginal page references of the edition printed in the OCR are removed by logged corrections.
- The Egyptian priests' 8,000 or 9,000 years told to Solon are those of Plato, Tim. 23e; Herodotus on Cheops and the great pyramid is Hist. 2.124. Proposed extrabiblical id: manetho (Manetho, Aegyptiaca; classical/historical).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 10 (Routh 2:246; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-10).

## Fragment 12

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-12
- Source: Routh 2:264
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: A euhemerist account of the pagan gods as early kings descended from Shem: Kronos, Zeus (Picus), Ares (Baal), Faunus (Hermes), Aphrodite and Adonis.

### Greek text

Ἔκ τῆς φυλῆς τοῦ Σὴμ ἀνεφάνη ἄνθρωπος γιγαντοas γένης" ὠνομάσθη δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς Kpovos, εἰς ἐπωνυμίαν τοῦ πλανήτου ἀστέρος, ὃς πρῶτος ἦρξε τῶν Ασσυρίων. ἔσχε δὲ γυναῖκα Σεμίραμιμ, τὴν kal '"Péav 35. εχ καλουμένην, ἐξ ἧς ἔσχεν viov ὃς ἐπικλήθη Ζεὺς, ὁ καὶ Πῖκος, γήμας τὴν ἰδίαν ἀδελφὴν Ἥραν. ἔσχε δὲ Κρόνος καὶ ἑτέρους δύο υἱοὺς Adpov, ἐξ καὶ "Apo, καὶ Nivov. ὁ "Aópos γήμας τὴν ᾿Αστυνόμην ἐποίησε Ovyarépa. τὴν ᾿Αφροδίτην. ὃ δὲ Kpovos ἐξωσθεὶς τῆς βασιλείας ὑπὸ TOU ἰδίου υἱοῦ Διὸς, κατίων ἐν τῇ δύσει κρατεῖ τῆς ᾿Ιταλίας. εἶτα 0 Zevs ὑποχωρῆσας τῶν Ασσυρίων, παραγίνεται πρὸς τὸν Tarépa' ὁ δὲ παραχωρεῖ αὐτῷ βασιλεύειν τῆς ᾿Ιταλίας. καὶ πολλοῖς ἔτεσι βασιλεύσας, εἶτα reAevroas κατατίθεται ἐν τῇ Kpyr. Méra δὲ Nivov ἐβασίλευσε τῶν ᾿Ασσυρίων Θοῦρας, ὁ kai" Apos κληθεὶς, ὡς πολεμικώτατος. τοῦτον Acσύριοι Βάαλον, ἢ Βῆλ, μετονομάσαντες καὶ ἀναστηλώΝ Ν σαντες σέβονται. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν τοῦ Διὸς τελευτὴν, ων Φαῦνος 0 υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἐβασίλευσεν, ὃς μετωνομάσθ Ἑρμῆς. ἦν yàp Aoyworaros πάνυ καὶ μαθηματικὸς, ὃς καὶ τὴν τοῦ χρυσοῦ ποίησιν ἐφεῦρεν ἐκ μετάλλων ἀνθρώποις. Ἢ μέντοι ᾿Αφροδίτη λογικὴ καὶ ποικίλη γενομένη ἐγαμήθη ᾿Αδώνιδι τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ Κινύρου φιλοσόφῳ ὄντι καὶ αὐτῷ οὖς καὶ ἄχρι θανάτου φιλοσοφοῦντας σὺν ἀλλήλοις βιῶσαι ἱστοροῦσι.

### English translation (Claude)

From the tribe of Shem there appeared a man of the race of giants; he was named Kronos by his father, after the name of the planet, and he first ruled over the Assyrians. He had as wife Semiramis, who is also called Rhea, by whom he had a son who was called Zeus, also Picus, who married his own sister Hera. Kronos had also two other sons, … also called Ares, and Ninus. … having married Astynome, begot a daughter, Aphrodite. And Kronos, driven out of the kingdom by his own son Zeus, went down to the west and ruled Italy. Then Zeus, withdrawing from the Assyrians, comes to his father; and he yields him the rule of Italy. And having reigned many years, he died and was laid in Crete. After Ninus, Thouras reigned over the Assyrians, who was also called Ares as being most warlike; him the Assyrians renamed Baal, or Bel, and set up statues to him and worship him. After the death of Zeus, Faunus his son reigned, who was renamed Hermes; for he was very learned and a mathematician, who also discovered for men the making of gold from metals. And Aphrodite, becoming learned and versatile, was married to Adonis, the son of Cinyras, who was also a philosopher; and they relate that they lived together philosophizing until death.

### Translation notes

- This euhemerist narrative is found in later Byzantine chronicles; its ascription to Africanus (by Routh) is uncertain. The name of one son is garbled in the OCR (…).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 12 (Routh 2:264; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-12).

## Fragment 13

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-13
- Source: Routh 2:266
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Abraham in Egypt and his parting from Lot; the war of the four kings by the salt sea; and Africanus's eyewitness description of the Dead Sea and its marvels.

### Greek text

Λιμοῦ κατασχόντος τὴν γῆν τὴν Χανανίτιδα, κατηλ1ο eis Αἴγυπτον ABpaa δεδιὼς δὲ μὴ διὰ τὸ κάλλος τῆς γυναικὸς ἀναιρεθῇ, ἀδελφὸς εἰναι σκήπτεται. ἐπαι^ Ν ᾽ὔ στὶς 5 νεθεῖσα δὲ ἠγάγετο Φαραῷ: οὕτω yap Αἰγύπτιοι τοὺς βασιλεῖς ἑρμηνεύουσι. kal ὁ μὲν δίκας ἔτισε τῷ Θεῷ ὁ δ᾽ ἅμα τοῖς ἰδίοις ᾿Αβραὰμ ἤδη πλουτῶν ἀπηλλάσ|sgero. Ἔν Χαναὰν διεπληκτίσαντο ποιμένες τοῦ τε Αβραὰμ καὶ τοῦ Λὼτ, kai δόξαντος αὐτοῖς, ἐχωρίσθησαν, ἑλομένου Λὼτ ἐν Σοδόμοις οἰκεῖν δι᾿ ἀρετὴν kai κάλλος τῆς γῆς, ἐχούσης πέντε πόλεις, Σόδομα, Γόμοῤῥα, Αδαμα, Σεβωεὶμ, Σηγὼρ, koi τοσούτους βασιλεῖς. TOUTOLS οἱ πλησιόχωροι τέσσαρες βασιλεῖς Σύρων ἐποAéugcav ὧν ἡγεῖτο ᾿Χοδολλαγομὸρ βασιλεὺς Αἰλάμ. συνέβαλον δὲ παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν ἁλυκὴν, kaλεῖται νῦν θάλασσα νεκρὰ ἐν ταύτῃ πλεῖστα TOV θαυμασίων τεθέαμαι. ζώων yap οὐδὲν ἐκεῖνο τὸ ὕδωρ φέρει. καὶ νεκροὶ μὲν ὑποβρύχιοι dépovrar ζῶντες δὲ Ἃ ε οὐδ᾽ ῥᾳδίως βαπτίσαιντο᾽ λύχνοι δὲ μὲν καιόμενοι ἐπιφέρονται, σβεννύμενοι δὲ καταδύουσιν. ἐνταῦθα εἰσὶν τῆς ἀσφάλτου πηγαί φέρει δὲ στυπτηρίαν καὶ ἅλα ὀλίγον τι τῶν ἄλλων διαφέροντα᾽ πικρά τε yap ἐστὶ καὶ διαυγῆ. ἔνθα ἂν καρπὸς εὑρεθῇ. κάπνου πλέον εὑρίσκεται θολερωτάτου. τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ ἰᾶται τους χρωμένους αὐτῷ. λήγει τε παντὶ ὕδατι πάσχον τὰ ἐναντία εἰ δὲ μὴ ᾿Ιορδάνην eiye τὸν ποταμὸν τροφὴν, ὡς πορʼ ὔ Ν ΕΣ 4 φύραν διατρέχοντα καὶ ἐπὶ πολὺ ἀντέχοντα, ἔληξεν ἄν θᾶττον ἢ φαίνεται. ἐστι δὲ παρ᾽ αὐτῇ πάμπολυ τοῦ βαλσάμου φυτόν. ὑπονοεῖται δὲ ἀνατετράφθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὴν τῶν περιοικούντων ἀσέβειαν.

### English translation (Claude)

When famine seized the land of Canaan, Abraham went down into Egypt; and fearing that he would be killed on account of his wife's beauty, he pretends to be her brother. And she, being praised, was taken by Pharaoh; for so the Egyptians call their kings. And he paid the penalty to God, while Abraham, now rich, went away with his own. In Canaan the shepherds of Abraham and of Lot quarreled, and when they so decided, they separated, Lot choosing to live in Sodom for the excellence and beauty of the land, which had five cities, Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim and Zoar, and as many kings. The four neighboring kings of the Syrians made war on these, led by Chedorlaomer, king of Elam. They joined battle by the salt sea, which is now called the Dead Sea; in it I have seen very many marvels. For that water bears no living thing; the dead are carried under the water, while the living are not easily submerged; lamps that are burning are borne on the surface, but when put out they sink. Here are the springs of asphalt; and it produces alum, and salt somewhat different from others, for it is bitter and transparent. Wherever fruit is found there, more smoke is found, very turbid. And the water heals those who use it, and it is drained away in a manner contrary to all other water. And if it did not have the river Jordan as nourishment, running through it like a purple stream and holding out for a long way, it would have dried up sooner than appears. Near it there is a great deal of the balsam plant. It is supposed to have been overturned by God because of the impiety of those who lived around it.

### Scripture references

- Gen 12:10–20: allusion, high confidence
- Gen 13:5–12: allusion, high confidence
- Gen 14:1–3: allusion, high confidence
- Gen 19:24–25: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- A few words are garbled in the OCR and are translated by sense or omitted (…).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 13 (Routh 2:266; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-13).

## Fragment 14

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-14
- Source: Routh 2:268
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Abraham's marriage to Keturah after Sarah's death, and their five sons.

### Greek text

υ]Π]αροικήσας δὲ (Abraham) ἐν Γεράροις, τὴν νῦν κάλωνα λεγομένην μετὰ τὴν τῆς Σάῤῥας τελευτὴν ἔλαβε τὴν Χεττοῦραν seis γυναῖκα, ἐν τῷ γήρᾳ αὐτοῦ. ἀφ᾽ ἧς ἔσχεν υἱοὺς πέντε, Ζεμβρίαν, ᾿Ιεξὰν, Μαδὰμ, Μαδιὰμ, ᾿Ιεσβών.

### English translation (Claude)

Having sojourned in Gerar, which is now called Kalon, after Sarah's death (Abraham) took Keturah as his wife in his old age, by whom he had five sons: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak.

### Scripture references

- Gen 25:1–2: allusion, high confidence
- Gen 20:1: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- The name ‘Abraham’ is the editor's insertion. Genesis names six sons (adding Shuah); the present name of Gerar is uncertain in the OCR.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 14 (Routh 2:268; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-14).

## Fragment 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-15
- Source: Routh 2:268
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Jacob went to Mesopotamia at seventy-seven.

### Greek text

ις Ἑβδομήκοντα ἑπτὰ ἐτῶν λέγεται ἐλθεῖν τὸν ᾿Ιακωβ εἰς Μεσοποταμίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

Jacob is said to have come to Mesopotamia at seventy-seven years of age.

### Scripture references

- Gen 28:2–5: allusion, medium confidence

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 15 (Routh 2:268; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-15).

## Fragment 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-16
- Source: Routh 2:268
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: A later chronographer doubts both Africanus's and Eusebius's dating of Levi's birth to Jacob's 87th year.

### Greek text

Οὔτε κατὰ τὸν ᾿Αφρικανόν μοι δοκεῖ δυνατὸν εἶναι τὸν Aevi γεννηθῆναι τῷ πζ΄. ἔτει τοῦ ᾿Ιακὼβ, οὔτε κατὰ τὸν Εὐσέβιον τῷ αὐτῷ πζ΄. .

### English translation (Claude)

Neither according to Africanus does it seem possible to me that Levi was born in the eighty-seventh year of Jacob, nor according to Eusebius in the same eighty-seventh year.

### Scripture references

- Gen 29:34: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- A testimony by a later writer (Syncellus), not Africanus's own words. The editor's Latin note printed after it in the OCR (‘read “in his 86th”’) is removed by a logged correction.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 16 (Routh 2:268; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-16).

## Fragment 17

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-17
- Source: Routh 2:269
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus reported that Jacob's tent, kept at Edessa, survived until it was struck by lightning under Antoninus.

### Greek text

Ἡ ποιμενικὴ σκηνὴ τοῦ ᾿Ιακὼβ ᾿Ἐδέσσῃ σωζομενὴ κατὰ τοὺς χρόνους ᾿Αντωνίνου βασιλέως Ρωμαίων διεῴ-θάρη κεραυνῷ, ὡς φησὶν ὁ ᾿Αφρικανὸς, ἕως τῶν χρόνων αὐτοῦ ᾿Αντωνίνον ἱστορήσας.

### English translation (Claude)

Jacob's shepherd's tent, which was preserved at Edessa, was destroyed by lightning in the times of Antoninus, emperor of the Romans, as Africanus says, who recorded it as having existed until the times of Antoninus.

### Translation notes

- A testimony (Syncellus).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 17 (Routh 2:269; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-17).

## Fragment 18

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-18
- Source: Routh 2:269
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus reported an altar by the trunk of the terebinth near Shechem, under which Jacob buried the foreign gods, where the local people offered prayers at festivals, and that the tree did not burn though it seemed to be on fire.

### Greek text

ταύτης παρὰ τὸ Tpéuvov βωμὸς ἣν, ὡς φησὶν ὁ ᾿Αφρικανὸς, ἐφ᾽ ὃν τὰς ἐκτενὰς (ἑκατόμβας Eustathius) ἀνέφερον ἐν ταῖς πανηγύρεσι τῆς χῶpas ἔνοικοι ἢ δ᾽ οὐ κατεκαίετο δοκοῦσα πιπρᾶσθαι.

### English translation (Claude)

… of this, by its trunk there was an altar, as Africanus says, on which the inhabitants of the country used to offer prayers [Eustathius: hecatombs] at the festivals; and it (the tree) was not burned, though it seemed to be set on fire.

### Scripture references

- Gen 35:4: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- A testimony; the beginning is lost. The tree is the terebinth near Shechem under which Jacob hid the foreign gods (Gen 35:4). The bracketed variant is the editor's note, giving the reading of Eustathius.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 18 (Routh 2:269; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-18).

## Fragment 19

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-19
- Source: Routh 2:269
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus traced Job, tempted by the devil and victorious, to Esau's line through Reuel and Zerah; a garbled chronological note on Joseph and Jacob follows.

### Greek text

Ὡς δὲ λέγει ὁ ᾿Αφρικανὸς, Ὅτι “ἐκ τοῦ Haa, ἄλλοι τε πολλοὶ καὶ Ραγουὴλ γεννᾶται. ἀφ᾽ οὗ Ζαρὲθ, ἐξ οὗ ὃς κατὰ συγχώρησιν Θεοῦ ὑπὸ διαβόλου ἐπειράσθη, καὶ ἐνίκησε τὸν πειράζοντα. Ιωσηφ δὲ ἣν ἐτῶν τῷ αὐτῷ ére τοῦ Ιακωβ, διότι, ὡς φασὶν οἱ περὶ τὸν ᾿Αφρικανὸν, 0 ἐζησεν Ἰωσὴφ παροικῆσαι τὸν ᾿Ιακὼβ ἐν Avyv ὡσὴῷφ ἐτη μετὰ παροικὴ Αἰγύπτῳ.

### English translation (Claude)

As Africanus says, “From Esau, many others and Reuel were born; from whom Zerah; from whom came the one who, by God's permission, was tempted by the devil and overcame the tempter.” And Joseph was … years old in the same year of Jacob, because, as Africanus and his followers say, … Joseph lived … that Jacob sojourned in Egypt … years after the sojourn …

### Scripture references

- Gen 36:10–13: allusion, high confidence
- Job 1:12: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- The identification of Job as a descendant of Esau follows the addition at the end of LXX Job (42:17b–c). The second part is badly garbled in the OCR and is translated only in part (…).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 19 (Routh 2:269; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-19).

## Fragment 23

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-23
- Source: Routh 2:279
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: A later chronographer disputes Africanus's dating of the start of the Argive kingdom.

### Greek text

Οὔ μοι δοκεῖ καλῶς ὁ 'Adpikavós τῷ λόγῳ τῶν ἱστορικῶν αὐτοῦ φάναι, τὴν ᾿Αργείων βασιλείαν τῷ σ΄. ἔτει τῆς ᾿Ασσυρίων βασιλείας ἄρξασθαι ἐπὶ ᾿Αρείου πέμπτου βασιλέως Ασσυρίων.

### English translation (Claude)

Africanus does not seem to me to say rightly, in the course of his histories, that the kingdom of the Argives began in the 200th year of the kingdom of the Assyrians, under Areios, the fifth king of the Assyrians.

### Translation notes

- A testimony (Syncellus), not Africanus's own words.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 23 (Routh 2:279; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-23).

## Fragment 24

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-24
- Source: Routh 2:279
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Synchronisms of Greek legend with the time of the judge Othniel: Atlas the astrologer, the Kouretes, Syrus, Prometheus and others.

### Greek text

Καλλιθυία Πείραντος ἐν "Apyet πρῶτον ieparevae τῆς Ἥρας Τούτοις τοῖς χρόνοις "Ατλας ὁ Προμηθέως ἀδελφὸς ἄριστος ἀστρόλογος διέλαμπεν" ὡς ἐπιστήμης ἕνεκεν τὸν οὐρανὸν αὐτὸν φέρειν πέφὴημισται. Ἐὑριπίδης δὲ rov" ArAavra ὄρος εἶναί φησιν ὑπερνεφές. Οὗτος κατὰ τοὺς χρόνους Γοθονιὴλ ἤκμαζεν, ὡς μαρτυροῦσι πάντες οἱ ἐκ τοῦ καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς λόγου ἱστορικοὶ, ἐν οἷς καὶ s'A$pwarós φησι" Οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Kovpyreias, τῆς νῦν [4 9 ον»; σαν, οἱ τὴν ἐν ὅπλοις εὔρυθμον κίνησιν ebpovres. "Γουτοις τοῖς χρόνοις Σῦρος ἱστορεῖται γεγονέναι γηγενὴς, ἐπώνυμος ἡ ZXvupía ἄλλοι δὲ, πρότερον ἔτεσιν το καὶ περὶ Προμηθέως δὲ koi ᾿Επιμηθέως τὸ avro διαφόρως ἱστοροῦσιν, kai ArA&vros, Apyov τε τοῦ llavomrov) καὶ ᾿Ιοῦς τῆς Προμηθέως Πανόπτου ἣν ν ὦ Κέκροπα τὸν διφυῆ γεγόνασιν, οἱ δε, ὅτι πρότερον éreaw ξ. ἄλλοι δὲ ἐς

### English translation (Claude)

Callithyia, daughter of Peiras, first served as priestess of Hera at Argos. In these times Atlas, the brother of Prometheus, shone as a most excellent astrologer, so that it was rumored that, because of his knowledge, he carries heaven itself. Euripides says that Atlas is a mountain above the clouds. He flourished in the times of Othniel, as all the historians of our doctrine testify, among whom Africanus too says: Those from Kouretis, which is now …, who discovered the rhythmic movement in arms. In these times Syrus, earth-born, is recorded to have lived, after whom Syria is named; but others say earlier by … years. And concerning Prometheus and Epimetheus they record the same variously, and concerning Atlas, and Argus the All-seeing, and Io …; others say that they lived earlier by sixty years; and others …

### Scripture references

- Judg 3:9–11: allusion, medium confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- Euripides (Euripides (plays and fragments)): allusion, low confidence

### Translation notes

- The second half is garbled in the OCR and is translated only in part (…). ‘The historians of our doctrine’ are Christian chronographers.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 24 (Routh 2:279; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-24).

## Fragment 25

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-25
- Source: Routh 2:281
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus dated a flood to the seventieth year of a reign or era whose name is lost.

### Greek text

Ἑ βδομηκοστῷ ἔτει τοῦ φησὶν ᾿Αφρικανὸς, (for. addend. γεγενῆσθαι, κατακλυσμόν.

### English translation (Claude)

Africanus says that in the seventieth year of … the flood took place.

### Translation notes

- The text is incomplete; ‘took place’ is the editor's supplement (printed as a Latin note in the OCR). Which flood is meant (probably that of Ogyges) is uncertain.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 25 (Routh 2:281; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-25).

## Fragment 26

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-26
- Source: Routh 2:281
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: A later writer discusses whether Abimelech and his seventy brothers were sons of Gideon or of Jerubbaal, noting Africanus's view and his number of years.

### Greek text

Τοῦτον τὸν ᾿Αβιμέλεχ; καὶ τοὺς ο΄. ἀδελφοὺς avro ἡ βίβλος τῶν Κριτῶν, πρῶτον μὲν τοῦ Γεδεὼν υἱοὺς λέγει τρανῶς, ἔπειτα δὲ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἹἹεροβαὰλ, ὃς συνῴκησε τῷ Γεδεὼν περὶ τὰ τέλη αὐτοῦ, ὡς αὐτόθι γέγραπται. καὶ δοκεῖ πως ἄπορον εἶναι. ᾿Αφρικανὸς δὲ τοῦ Ἱεροβαὰλ αὐτοὺς λέγει πάντας. ἔκρινε τὸν Ἰσραὴλ η΄. ἔτη. ᾿Αφρικανὸς ἔτη φησὶν, οὐ καλῶς.

### English translation (Claude)

This Abimelech and his seventy brothers the book of Judges first plainly calls sons of Gideon, and then of his brother Jerubbaal, who lived with Gideon toward his end, as is written there; and it seems somehow perplexing. But Africanus says they were all sons of Jerubbaal. He judged Israel … years. Africanus says … years, not rightly.

### Scripture references

- Judg 8:30–31: allusion, high confidence
- Judg 9:1–5: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- A testimony (Syncellus). In Judges, Jerubbaal is another name of Gideon (Judg 6:32; 7:1); the writer treats them as brothers. Numbers are lost in the OCR (…).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 26 (Routh 2:281; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-26).

## Fragment 27

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-27
- Source: Routh 2:281
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Eusebius charged Africanus with inserting periods of anarchy and peace into the chronology of the judges, which Africanus himself admitted were disputed.

### Greek text

Εὐσέβιος δὲ μόνος ὁ Kawape)s τῶν πρεσβυτέρων (qui Joἀπένειμεν. ᾧ πλεῖστα ἐπεγκαλεῖ ὁ Εὐσέβιος ὡς μεγάλα, φησὶ, διαμαρτάνοντι, καὶ τολμηροτάτῳ πράγματι ἐπικεχειρηκότιʼ πρὸς τούτοις ἄλλα ο΄. ἔτη, μ΄. μὲν τὰ τῆς ἀναρχίας, λ΄. δὲ τὰ τῆς εἰpiis, οἴκοθεν παρεμβαλόντι, τὰ ὅλα ρ΄. ἀλλ᾽ ὁ μὲν ᾿Λφρικανὸς περὶ τούτων ὡς διαφωνουμένων ἐν τέλει τοῦ ε΄. λόγου καθομολογεῖ.

### English translation (Claude)

But Eusebius of Caesarea alone of … to the elders … assigned. And Eusebius brings very many charges against him, as greatly erring, he says, and having attempted a most daring thing: that besides these he inserted on his own authority another 70 years, 40 of the anarchy and 30 of the peace, 100 in all. But Africanus himself admits these matters to be disputed at the end of his fifth book.

### Translation notes

- A testimony (Syncellus); the beginning is garbled in the OCR (…). The figures are as staged; 40 + 30 do not make 100, and a number may be lost.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 27 (Routh 2:281; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-27).

## Fragment 28

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-28
- Source: Routh 2:282
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Chronological totals from Adam to Eli according to Africanus, Eusebius and Syncellus, with the 450 years of the judges from Acts 13:20 and Africanus's one year for Shamgar.

### Greek text

Τὰ κατὰ ᾿Αφρικανὸν ἀπὸ ᾿Αδὰμ ἕως τέλους τῶν Κριτῶν καὶ ἀρχῆς Ἡλεῖ τοῦ ἱερέως ἔτη ὃσ:β΄. κατὰ δὲ Εὐσέβιον τοῦ Παμφίλου κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἀκριβῆ καὶ εὐαγγελικὴν παράδοσιν καὶ τόδε τὸ χρονογράφιον ὃτνβ΄. τὰ δὲ υν΄. ἔτη τῶν Κριτῶν κατὰ τὸν θεῖον Ν 3 Ν ἀπόστολον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔτους τοῦ κόσμου ἐπὶ τὸ πρῶτον ἔτος "HAel πληροῦται ἑνὸς ἔτους ὑπολειπομένουʼ ὅπερ ᾿Αφρικανὸς TOV Σεμεϊγὰρ λέγει κρατῆσαι τὸν ᾿Ισραὴλ, τῆς γραφῆς οὐκ εἰπούσης χρόνον. Απὸ Κέκροπος ἐπὶ τὴν ᾿Ιλίου ἅλωσιν συνάγονται μικροῦ δέοντα

### English translation (Claude)

According to Africanus, from Adam to the end of the Judges and the beginning of Eli the priest are 4292 years; according to Eusebius son of Pamphilus …; and according to the exact and evangelical tradition and this chronicle, 4352. And the 450 years of the Judges according to the divine apostle, from the year … of the world to the first year of Eli, are completed with one year lacking; which year Africanus says Shamgar ruled Israel, though Scripture does not state the time. From Cecrops to the capture of Ilium are reckoned a little less than …

### Scripture references

- Acts 13:20: allusion, high confidence
- Judg 3:31: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- A testimony (Syncellus). Some numbers are lost in the OCR (…).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 28 (Routh 2:282; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-28).

## Fragment 29

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-29
- Source: Routh 2:283
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: The years from the Exodus to the building of Solomon's temple, reckoned from the judges, Moses, Joshua, Eli, Samuel, Saul, David and Solomon, come to 659.

### Greek text

ὡς γραφῇ φέρεται 'Eàr οὖν “κατὰ τὸν ἀπόστολον, τῶν Κριτῶν ἔτη, kal ἐπὶ τῆς ἐρήμου μ΄. ἔτη Μωύσέως, Ἰησοῦ τε κζ΄, kai τῶν μετὰ ᾿Ιησοῦν πρεσβυτέρων καὶ ἔτι Ἡλεὶ τοῦ ἱερέως κʼ, Σαμουὴλ κ΄, καὶ Σαοὺλ μ΄, Δαβίδ καὶ Σολομῶντος δ΄, συναριθμήσωμεν, ἔσται ὁ πᾶς ἀπὸ τῆς ἐξόδου χρόνος ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ ναοῦ κατασκευὴν ἐτῶν χνθ΄. κατὰ δὲ Εὐσέβιον καὶ κατὰ ᾿Αφρικανὸν ὑπὲρ τὰ

### English translation (Claude)

… held, as Scripture says. If, then, according to the apostle, we count together the years of the Judges, and the 40 years of Moses in the wilderness, and 27 of Joshua, and of the elders after Joshua, and further 20 of Eli the priest, 20 of Samuel, 40 of Saul, and of David … and Solomon 4, the whole time from the Exodus to the building of the temple will be 659 years. But according to Eusebius and according to Africanus, more than …

### Scripture references

- Acts 13:20–21: allusion, high confidence
- 1 Kgs 6:1: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- A testimony (Syncellus). The editor's Latin notes printed at the beginning in the OCR are removed by a logged correction. David's 40 years are lost in the OCR (…).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 29 (Routh 2:283; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-29).

## Fragment 31

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-31
- Source: Routh 2:284
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: The years from Adam to Solomon's eighth year according to Syncellus and Africanus.

### Greek text

Εἰσὶν οὖν ἀπὸ ᾿Αδὰμ ἕως η΄. ἔτους αὐτοῦ (Solomonis) ἔτη δυοη΄. κατὰ δὲ τὸν ᾿Αφρικανὸν δυνζ΄. κατὰ δὲ Εὐσέβιον

### English translation (Claude)

There are, then, from Adam to his (Solomon's) eighth year 4478 years; but according to Africanus 4457; according to Eusebius …

### Translation notes

- A testimony (Syncellus). The name ‘Solomon’ is the editor's insertion.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 31 (Routh 2:284; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-31).

## Fragment 32

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-32
- Source: Routh 2:285
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus identified Jonah's Tarshish with Rhodes and Cyprus.

### Greek text

Τούτοις rois χρόνοις καὶ ᾿Ιωνᾶς ἐκπεμφθεὶς εἰς Νινευὶ, εἰς Θαρσεὶς φεύγει, καὶ ὑπὸ κήτους καταπωθεὶς τριήμερος ἀνεμεῖται. Θαρσεὶς δὲ Ῥόδον καὶ Κύπρον ᾿Αφρικανὸς λέγει εἶναι.

### English translation (Claude)

In these times Jonah too, sent to Nineveh, flees to Tarshish, and, swallowed by a sea monster, is vomited up after three days. Africanus says that Tarshish is Rhodes and Cyprus.

### Scripture references

- Jonah 1:3: allusion, high confidence
- Jonah 1:17: allusion, high confidence
- Jonah 2:10: allusion, high confidence

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 32 (Routh 2:285; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-32).

## Fragment 33

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-33
- Source: Routh 2:285
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus gave Pekahiah a reign of two years.

### Greek text

Τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἐβασίλευσεν κεσίας υἱὸς Μαναὴμ ἔτη ᾿Αφρικανὸς δὲ, ἔτη β.

### English translation (Claude)

Over Israel reigned Pekahiah, son of Menahem, … years; but Africanus says 2 years.

### Scripture references

- 2 Kgs 15:23: allusion, high confidence

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 33 (Routh 2:285; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-33).

## Fragment 34

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-34
- Source: Routh 2:285
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Copies differ on Pekah's reign; Africanus and Eusebius followed those giving twenty years.

### Greek text

Εἰσὶ μέντοι τινὰ Scriptura) κ΄. ἔχοντα ἔτη τοῦ Φακέε, ὡς καὶ ᾿Αφρικανὸς καὶ Εὐσέβιος" καὶ ἕτερα, ι΄.

### English translation (Claude)

There are, however, some copies of Scripture that have 20 years of Pekah, as both Africanus and Eusebius do; and others, 10.

### Scripture references

- 2 Kgs 15:27: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- ‘Of Scripture’ is the editor's Latin gloss printed in the OCR.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 34 (Routh 2:285; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-34).

## Fragment 35

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-35
- Source: Routh 2:286
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus gave the kingdom of the Lacedaemonians 325 years.

### Greek text

———Kai κατέσχεν ἡ βασιλεία Λακεδαιμονίων τὰ πάαντὰ TKE€. ὡς ᾿Αφρικανὸς ὁ σοφώτατος συνεγράψατο.

### English translation (Claude)

And the kingdom of the Lacedaemonians held power in all 325 years, as the most wise Africanus wrote.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 35 (Routh 2:286; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-35).

## Fragment 36

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-36
- Source: Routh 2:286
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus synchronized the first Olympiad with Jotham of Judah and the Athenian archon Aeschylus.

### Greek text

Τὴν α΄. ᾿Ολυμπιάδα ὁ ᾿Αφρικανὸς κατὰ ᾿Ιωαθὰμ ᾿Εβραίων τοῦ 1ο᾽Ἰούδα βασιλέα συνάγει. Καὶ ὁ ἡμέτερος δὲ κανὼν κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν παρίστησιν. Γράφει δὲ ὁ ᾿Αφρικανὸς ὧδε πρὸς λέξιν. Αἰσχύλος ὁ ᾿Αγαμήστορος ἦρξεν τῶν ᾿Αθηναίων διὰ βίου ἔτη κγ΄. ἐφ᾽ οὗ ᾿Ιωαθὰμ ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν 'lepovσαλήμ. Kai ὁ ἡμέτερος δὲ κανὼν, λέγει, ἐπὶ τῆς πρώτης Ὀλυμπιάδος τὸν ᾿Ιωαθὰμ βασιλέα ᾿Ιούδα συνείληφεν.

### English translation (Claude)

Africanus brings the first Olympiad together with Jotham, king of the Hebrews of Judah; and our canon too sets it in his time. Africanus writes thus, word for word: Aeschylus son of Agamestor ruled the Athenians for life 23 years, in whose time Jotham reigned in Jerusalem. And our canon too, he says, has placed Jotham king of Judah at the first Olympiad.

### Scripture references

- 2 Kgs 15:32–33: allusion, medium confidence

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 36 (Routh 2:286; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-36).

## Fragment 37

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-37
- Source: Routh 2:286
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus synchronized the first Olympiad with the first year of Ahaz.

### Greek text

ἀναγραφῆναι δὲ πρώτην τὴν τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτὴν (Olympiadem) ἡνίκα καὶ Κόρυβος Κόροιβος) στάδιον. rore ἐβασίλευσεν Axa€ ἐπὶ 'lepovσαλὴμ ἔτος πρῶτον. Εἶτα ἐν τῷ τετάρτῳ φησίν" δ᾽ ἄρα τοῦ ᾿Αχὰζ βασιλείας ἔτος πρῶτον, ᾧ συντρέχειν ἀπεδείξαμεν τὴν πρώτην ᾿Ολυμπιάδα. Voc

### English translation (Claude)

… and that the fourteenth Olympiad was the first recorded, when Coroebus too won the stadium race. Then Ahaz reigned over Jerusalem, his first year. Then in the fourth book he says: … then the first year of the reign of Ahaz, with which we have shown that the first Olympiad coincides.

### Scripture references

- 2 Kgs 16:1–2: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- The beginning is lost and the passage garbled in the OCR (…); ‘Olympiad’ is the editor's insertion.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 37 (Routh 2:286; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-37).

## Fragment 38

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-38
- Source: Routh 2:287
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: The fall of Samaria in Hezekiah's sixth year, and the reckonings of the length of the northern kingdom by Syncellus, Africanus and Eusebius.

### Greek text

Αὕτη πρώτη τοῦ ᾿Ισραὴλ αἰχμαλωσία πέφυκεν εἰς Acavpíovs, ἥτις γέγονεν ἀρχομένῳ ς΄. ἔτει ᾿Εζεκίου, κοσμικῷ δὲ ἔτει ὄὃψο΄. πληρουμένῳ. διήρκεσε δὲ ἡ αὐτὴ τῶν δέκα φυλῶν βασιλεία ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ ἀπὸ τοῦ πρώτου βασιλέως αὐτῶν 'Iepoβοὰμ δούλου Σολομῶντος ἐν βασιλεῦσι ιη΄. ἔτεσι δὲ σξ΄. ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ κοσμικοῦ δφιγ΄. ἀρξαμένη εἰς τὸ τεταγμένον Ν Ν γ ὄψοα΄. ἔληξεν. κατὰ δὲ ᾿Αφρικανὸν Dyv. κατὰ δὲ Εὐσέβιον bvve Εὐσέβιος δὲ ὁ Καισαρεὺς σν΄. ἔτη ἐπελογίσατο, καὶ ἄλλοι aye.

### English translation (Claude)

This was the first captivity of Israel, to the Assyrians, which took place at the beginning of the sixth year of Hezekiah, completing the year 4770 of the world. The kingdom of the ten tribes in Samaria lasted from their first king, Jeroboam, the servant of Solomon, through 18 kings and 260 years; for, beginning from the year of the world 4513, it ended in the appointed 4771. But according to Africanus …, and according to Eusebius …; Eusebius of Caesarea reckoned 250 years, and others …

### Scripture references

- 2 Kgs 17:6: allusion, high confidence
- 2 Kgs 18:10: allusion, high confidence
- 1 Kgs 11:26: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- A testimony (Syncellus); Africanus's and Eusebius's numbers are garbled in the OCR (…). The editor's Latin note (‘more exactly 258’) printed in the OCR is removed by a logged correction.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 38 (Routh 2:287; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-38).

## Fragment 39

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-39
- Source: Routh 2:288
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: The succession of Athenian rulers, from the kings to the annual archons beginning with Creon, reckoned to the time of Antoninus.

### Greek text

Ecos τοῦ δωα΄. ἔτους ἐξ ᾿Αδὰμ οἱ ᾿Αθηναίων βασιAets πρῶτοι ιζ΄. kai uer αὐτοὺς οἱ διὰ βίου λεγόμενοι ἄρχοντες ιγ΄. ἔπειτα δεκαετεῖς ζ΄. ὁμοῦ πάντες 5kpar»cavres τῆς Αθηναίων ἀρχῆς amo τοῦ γμε. κοσμικοὺ €TOUS ἐπαυσᾶαντο διαρκέσαντες ἐπι ὁλα QVs ω- ΤῊΝ 3 μετὰ τούτους ἄρχοντες ἐνιαυσιαῖοι ἡρέθησαν ἐξ εὐὑπατρίδων" ἐννέα ἀρχόντων ᾿Αθήνησιν ἀρχὴ κατεστάθη ἢ δὲ τῶν ἐνιαυσιαίων ἤρχθη ετεὶ TOU κοσμου.ς Kpéovros πρώτου ἄρχοντος ἡγησαμένου ἐπὶ τῆς ιθ΄. ᾿᾽Ολυμπίάδος, οἱ δὲ ἐπὶ κε΄. ἀφ᾽ οὗ ἐπὶ σν΄. ᾿Ολυμπιάδα ἄρχοντες ἼΥ. (κγ΄. Ν.ἡ Aevkos, ἀπὸ τῶν περὶ Βροῦτον μετὰ rovs βασιλεῖς ὑπαʼ5TevgavTOV καταριθμούμενοι, ἐπὶ ὩΝ ἡ Ἣ [4 ΩΣ TOU κοσμοῦ. κατὰ τὸν ᾿Αφρικανὸν, OTep ἣν Αντωνίνου, TOU

### English translation (Claude)

Up to the year 4801 from Adam, the first kings of the Athenians, 17, and after them the archons for life, 13, then the ten-year archons, 7, all together having held the rule of the Athenians from the year of the world …, came to an end, having lasted … After these, annual archons were chosen from the Eupatrids; the rule of nine archons was established at Athens; and that of the annual archons began in the year of the world …, Creon being the first archon, in the 19th Olympiad, or as others say the 25th; from him to the 250th Olympiad there were … archons … reckoned from the consuls after Brutus following the kings, … of the world, according to Africanus, which was … of Antoninus …

### Translation notes

- Badly garbled in the OCR; translated only in part (…).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 39 (Routh 2:288; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-39).

## Fragment 40

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-40
- Source: Routh 2:289
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: A fragment on Manasseh's miraculous escape from his iron bonds.

### Greek text

ν 7 ὦ 287 Μανάσση, τὰ δεσμὰ διεῤῥάγη σιδηρᾶ ὄντα, καὶ ἔφυγεν.

### English translation (Claude)

… Manasseh, the bonds, being of iron, were broken, and he fled.

### Scripture references

- 2 Chr 33:11–13: allusion, medium confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- Pr Man (Prayer of Manasseh): echo, low confidence

### Translation notes

- The beginning is lost in the OCR. The story of Manasseh's deliverance from his bonds is a tradition beyond 2 Chr 33:11–13 (compare the Prayer of Manasseh).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 40 (Routh 2:289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-40).

## Fragment 41

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-41
- Source: Routh 2:289
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus counted the seventy years of captivity from Zedekiah's first year and placed Daniel and the three youths in the second deportation.

### Greek text

᾿Αφρικανὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ πρώτου ἔτους Σεδεκίου ο΄. ἔτη ἀριθμεῖ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας. ταῦτα καὶ ὁ ᾿Αφρικανὸς, μαρτυρῶν, ὅτι ἐκ τῆς β΄. αἰχμαλωσίας Ἰούδα ἦν ὅ, τε Δανιὴλ, καὶ οἱ τρεῖς παῖδες. Ηος ejusdem

### English translation (Claude)

Africanus counts the 70 years of the captivity from the first year of Zedekiah. … These things Africanus too says, testifying that Daniel and the three youths were of the second captivity of Judah.

### Scripture references

- Jer 25:11: allusion, medium confidence
- Dan 1:6: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Two testimonies run together; a Latin heading of the editor at the end is left untranslated.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 41 (Routh 2:289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-41).

## Fragment 43

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-43
- Source: Routh 2:289
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus, with others, identified Cambyses with the Nebuchadnezzar of the book of Judith.

### Greek text

μεθ᾽ ὃν (Cyrum) Καμβύσης παῖς κρατεῖ llepoàr ἔτη η΄. τοῦτον οἴονταί τινες εἶναι Ναβουχοδονόσορ δεύτερον, τὸν κατὰ Ὀλοφέρνην καὶ τὴν ᾿Ιουδὴθ, ὡς καὶ ᾿Αφρικανός.

### English translation (Claude)

After him (Cyrus), his son Cambyses rules the Persians 8 years. Some think he is the second Nebuchadnezzar, the one of the time of Holofernes and Judith, as Africanus too does.

### Extrabiblical texts

- Jdt 2:4 (Judith): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- The name ‘Cyrus’ is the editor's insertion.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 43 (Routh 2:289; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-43).

## Fragment 44

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-44
- Source: Routh 2:290
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Ezra, sent by Artaxerxes, brought the remnant and temple vessels to Jerusalem, taught the law, and made those who had married foreign wives put them away.

### Greek text

᾿Αφρικανοῦ περὶ τοῦ Eaópa. υγχωρήσαντος ᾿Αρταξέρξου, rovs ὑπολοίπους τὴς Ιουδαίων αἰχμαλωσίας ἤθροισεν "ἔσδρας, rare λείψανα τῶν σκευῶν TOU ναοῦ ἦλθεν ἔχων εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ, kai τὸν vopov ἐδίδασκε. ᾿ὡς δὲ ἐπύθετο kar ἐπιγαμίας αὐτοὺς ἀναμεμίχθαι τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, ἠνάγκαζε TOUS οὐχ ὁμοεθνεῖς ἔχοντας ἐξεῶσαι ἕκαστον τὴν γυναῖκα τὴν ς Ν ἑαυτοῦ. οἱ δ᾽ ὑπήκουον, καὶ τοῦ χειμῶνος ἐπειγομένου τὸ ἔργον ἐπετελεῖτο.

### English translation (Claude)

Of Africanus, on Ezra. Artaxerxes having given permission, Ezra gathered the remnant of the Jewish captivity; and then he came to Jerusalem bringing the remains of the vessels of the temple, and taught the law. And when he learned that they had become mixed with the nations by intermarriage, he compelled those who had wives not of their own nation each to put away his own wife. And they obeyed, and the work was completed as winter was pressing.

### Scripture references

- Ezra 7:11–26: allusion, high confidence
- Ezra 10:1–17: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- A summary of Ezra 7–10, translated as written; ‘put away’ renders ἐξεῶσαι.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 44 (Routh 2:290; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-44).

## Fragment 45

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-45
- Source: Routh 2:290
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus dated the Peloponnesian War to the 87th Olympiad and gave the comic tradition of its cause.

### Greek text

Ἢ ε ᾿Αφρικανοῦ. ᾿Ολυμπιὰς πζ΄. ὁ Πελοποννησιων καὶ Αθηναίων πόλεμος ἑπτακαιεικοσαετὴς, ὃν Θουκυδίδης συνέγραψεν, δὶ ᾿Ασπασίας πόρνας δύο, καὶ στήλας κατὰ Μεγαρεων ἀστυγειτόνων, ᾿Αθηναίοις συνέστη.

### English translation (Claude)

Of Africanus. Olympiad 87. The twenty-seven years' war of the Peloponnesians and Athenians, which Thucydides wrote, broke out for the Athenians because of two prostitutes of Aspasia and the decrees against their neighbors the Megarians.

### Extrabiblical texts

- Thucydides (Thucydides, History): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- The story of Aspasia's two prostitutes as a cause of the war comes from Aristophanes, Acharnians 524–529.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 45 (Routh 2:290; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-45).

## Fragment 46

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-46
- Source: Routh 2:291
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Africanus gave Ptolemy Philometor a reign of eleven years.

### Greek text

᾿Αφρικανὸς ἔτη ια΄. μόνα τοῦ Φιλομήτορος λέγει.

### English translation (Claude)

Africanus gives only 11 years to Philometor.

### Translation notes

- A testimony.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 46 (Routh 2:291; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-46).

## Fragment 48

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-48
- Source: Routh 2:291
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Against Josephus, Africanus made Herod's father Antipater an Ascalonite, son of a temple-servant of Apollo, captured as a boy by Idumaean brigands and later the friend of Hyrcanus.

### Greek text

καὶ μάλιστα ᾿Αντιπάτρῳ τινὶ, ᾿Ιουδαίων, ὃς ἦν ἀλλόφυλος, ᾿Ιδουμαῖος, κατὰ ᾿Ιώσηππον, κατὰ δὲ ᾿Αφρικανὸν, Ασκαλωνίτης, vios τινος ἱεροδούλου KkaAovμένου ἩΗρώδου τῷ περὶ τὸν νεὼν τοῦ ᾿Απόλλωνος τεταγμένῳ ἐν ᾿Ασκάλωνι. τοῦrov ᾿Ιδουμαῖοι λῃσταὶ τὸν ᾿Αντίπατρον εἶχον αἰχμαλωτίσαντες ἐν αὐτοῖς λῃστεύοντα, λαβεῖν ἐλπίζοντες ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἡρώδου λύτρα. διὰ δὲ τὸ πτωχὸν εἶναι TOV αὐτοῦ πατέρα, καὶ λύτρα δοῦναι ἀπορεῖν, ἐχρόνισε συλλῃστεύων, kal τοῖς αὐτῶν ἐντρεφόμενος ἤθεσι. οὗτος ὕστερον Ὑρκανῷ φιλωθεὶς, πλούτῳ καὶ δόξῃ τῶν πολλῶν προεῖχεν ἐντρεχείας χάριν καὶ τῆς περὶ τὰ κοινὰ πράγματα δεινότητος.

### English translation (Claude)

… and especially to a certain Antipater, (ruler) of the Jews, who was a foreigner, an Idumaean according to Josephus, but according to Africanus an Ascalonite, son of a certain temple-servant called Herod, who was attached to the temple of Apollo at Ascalon. Idumaean brigands held this Antipater, having taken him captive as a boy, hoping to get ransom for him from his father Herod. But since his father was poor and unable to pay a ransom, he remained a long time among them, sharing their brigandage and being brought up in their customs. Later, becoming a friend of Hyrcanus, he surpassed most men in wealth and reputation because of his shrewdness and his skill in public affairs.

### Extrabiblical texts

- Josephus, Ant. 14.8 (Josephus (works)): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- The same account is given in Africanus's Letter to Aristides (Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 1.7.11).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 48 (Routh 2:291; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/1/#p-48).

## Fragment 49

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/49/#p-49
- Source: Routh 2:292
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: Long excerpts from Africanus's Chronography: the history of Herod, Antony and Augustus to the fall of Alexandria; the three kings omitted from Matthew's genealogy; the darkness at the crucifixion, which Thallus wrongly called an eclipse; and the seventy weeks of Daniel, counted from Artaxerxes' twentieth year to Tiberius's sixteenth.

### Greek text

ΑΦΡΙΚΑΝΟΥ͂, περὶ τῶν Ὑρκανῷ καὶ Avrtyovo συμβάντων, καὶ περὶ Ἡρώδου, τοῦ τε Σεβαστοῦ, καὶ δ ἣν "Okraovios ὁ Σεβαστὸς, ὃν Αὔγουστον καλοῦσιν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι, θετὸς ὧν vios αὐτοῦ (Caii Casaris). ἀπὸ AzroAλωνιάδος τῆς ᾿Ηπείρου ἔνθα ἐπαιδεύετο, εἰς Ρώμην émλθὰ $1 7 τς ἀνελθων, τῶν ἐν τέλει τῆς ἡγεμονίας εἴχετο. ντώνιος δὲ ὕστερον τὴν τῆς Ασίας καὶ ἐπέκεινα ἀρχὴν ἔλαχεν" ἐπὶ rovrov, Ἡρώδου κατηγόρουν ᾿Ιουδαῖοι: ὁ δὲ τοὺς 3 ΄ὔ ΣΝ 3 πρέσβεις ἀποκτείνας, Ἡρώδην ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ κατῆξεν ἄρχην. ὕστερον δὲ ἅμα Ὑρκανῷ καὶ Φασαήλῳ ἀδελφῷ ἐξεώθη, καὶ προσφυγὼν ᾿Αντωνίῳ, κατῆλθε, Octavius, (Σεβαστὸς μὴ δεχομένων δὲ αὐτὸν ᾿Ιουδαίων, μαχὴ γίνεται kaprepa.. λὺ δὲ Ν ὃ peT πολὺ και ντιγονον κατιοντα €EKOLOXKEL μαχῆ ᾿Αντίγονος δὲ προσφυγὼν Ἡρώδῃ (ον. Ορώδῃ) τῷ τῶν Πάρθων βασιλεῖ διὰ llakopov τοῦ υἱοῦ κατῆλθεν ἐπὶ χρυσοῦ ταλάντοις χιλίοις. καὶ ὁ μὲν Ηρώδης φεύγει: Φασαήλος δὲ ἐν τῇ μαχῇ ἀναιρεῖται Ὑρκανὸς δὲ Αντιγόνῳ παρεδόθη ζῶν" ὁ δὲ Πάρθοις αὐτὸν ἔδωκεν ἄγειν, ἀποτεμὼν αὐτοῦ τὰ ὦτα, ὡς μηκέτι teporo' ἠδέσθη yap αὐτὸν ὡς οἰκεῖον ἀποκτεῖναι. 3 ’ὔὕ μὲν πρῶτον Μαλίχῳ τῷ τῶν ᾿Αραβων βασιλεῖ προσἩρώδης δὲ ἐκπεσὼν, τὸ φεύγει" ὡς δ᾽ οὐ προσήκατο αὐτὸν φόβῳ τῶν Πάρθων, εἰς ᾿Αλεξάνδρειαν παρὰ Κλεοπάτραν ἀπῆλθεν. Ὀλυμπιὰς ρπέ. Κλεοπάτρα τὸν συμβασιλεύσαντα αὐτῇ ἀδελφὸν ἀποκτείνασα, πρὸς ἀπολογίαν ᾿Αντωνίου εἰς λικίαν μεταπεμφθεῖσα, τὴν τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐπιμέλειαν ἐπέτρεψεν Ἡρώδῃ: καὶ ὡς οὐδὲν ἠξίου πιστεύεσθαι, ἐστ᾽ ἂν καταχθῇ eis τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἄρχην, ἔχουσα Ν Ν παρὰ ᾿Αντώνιον. ὡς ἑαλώκει τῆς γυναικὸς ἔρωτι, τὸν Ἡρώδην ἀπέστειλεν εἰς Ῥώμην κατὰ τὸν Σεβαστὸν πατέρα, kai δὲ avrov Ηρώδην, διά τὸ ὑπὸ Πάρθων καθέστασθαι τὸν Avr(yovov βασιλέα, ἐπέστειλε τοῖς ἐν Παλαιστίν Συρί ἥ "TOV ἐπὶ αιστίνῃ kai Συρίᾳ στρατηγοῖς, κατάγειν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν. καὶ ἅμα Σωσίῳ διεπολέμει πρὸς τὸν ᾿Αντίyovov χρόνῳ πολλῷ, καὶ παντοίαις μάχαις. τότε καὶ Ἰώσηππος ἀδελφὸς Ἡρώδου ἀποθνήσκει στρατηγῶν. Ἡρώδου δὲ πρὸς ᾿Αντώνιον ἐλθόντος.....«««οννννννν νον τρία ἔτη τὸν Avríyovov ἐξεπολιόρκησαν kal ζῶντα ἀπεκομισαν ᾿Αντωνίῳ. ᾿Αντώνιος δὲ Ἡρώδην μὲν καὶ 3» ΙΝ αὐτὸς ἀνηγόρευσεν βασιλέα προσέθηκε δὲ αὑτῷ πόλεις Ἵππον, Γάδαρα, Γάζαν, ᾿Ιόππην, ᾿Ανθηδόνα: καὶ τῆς ᾽᾿Αραβίας, rov Τράχωνα, καὶ τὴν λ Ν δὲ Σ,ὔ 3 κιαν., και 1 avAavnv' προς kat τῆς Συρίας ἐπιτροπην. Ἡρώδης ὑπὸ τῆς συγκλήτου καὶ 'Okraoviov τοῦ Xeβαστοῦ βασιλεὺς ᾿Ιουδαίων ἀνηγορεύθη, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη λδ΄. Αντώνιος ἐπὶ Πάρθους στρατεύειν μέλλων ᾿Αντίγονον τὸν ᾿Ιουδαίων ἀπέκτεινεν βασιλέα, καὶ ᾽Α ραβίαν KAeomarpa παρέδωκεν" διαβάς τε ἐπὶ Πάρθους, ἔπταισε μεγάλως, πλεῖστον ἀποβαλὼν τοῦ στρατοῦ. Ἦν ᾿Ολυμπιὰς prs. ὋὉ Σεβαστὸς ᾿Οκταούϊος τὴν ἐξ ᾿Ιταλίας καὶ πάσης ἑσπέρας δύναμιν ᾿Αντώνιον ἦγεν, οὐ βουλόμενον εἰς “Ῥώμην ἐπανελθεῖν, δέει τῶν ἐν Πάρθοις ἐπταισμένων, καὶ Κλεοπάτρας ἔρωτι. ᾿Αντώνιος δὲ αὐτῷ, τὴν ἐκ τῆς [4 ν 4€ Ζ Ασίας ἔχων δύναμιν, ὑπηντίαζεν. ὃ δὲ «Ἡρώδης οἷα δεινὸς, καὶ τῶν ἰσχυόντων θεραπευτὴς, διπλᾶς ἐξέπέεμπψεν ἐπιστολὰς, καὶ vri στρατὸν, ἐντειλάμενος τοῖς ἡγουμένοις καραδοκεῖν τὰ ἀποβησόμενα. ὡς δὲ ἐκρίθη τε ἡ νίκη, kai δυσὶ vav,ὔ{ Ν ε» 5 [14 μαχίαις ἡττηθεὶς ὁ ᾿Αντώνιος ἐφυγεν εἰς Αἴγυπτον, ἅμα τῇ Κλεοπάτρᾳ, οἱ κομίζοντες ἀπέδοσαν τὰς πρὸς TOV Σεβαστὸν ἐπιστολάς" ἃς πρὸς ᾿Αντώνιον εἶχον ἀποκρύψαντες. ἐπιπίπτει δὲ ᾿Ηρώδῃ σῳ 5 vel τοῦτο). Κλεοπάτρα ἐν τῷ μεσαιολίῳ (μαυσωλαίῳ ἑαυτὴς ὅπλῳ χρησαμένη. λιον kai Σελήνην, ἐπὶ Θηβαΐδα φευγόντας συνέλαβεν ὁ Σεβαστός. Ακτία ὁ ἀγὼν ἐτέθη. Νικόπολις ἡ κατὰ ᾿Ακτίαν ἐκτίσθη, καὶ ᾿Αλεζανδρείας εἰλημμένης πρῶ5τὸος ἡγεμὼν Αἰγύπτου πέμπεται Γάλλος ἸΚορνήλιος, ὃς τῶν ἀποστάντων Αἰγυπτίων καθεῖλε ras πόλεις. μέχρι τοῦδε οἱ Λαγίδαιʼ καὶ σύμπας τῆς Μακεδονικῆς ἡγεμονίας χρόνος μετὰ ἔτη τ΄. τῆς Περσῶν καθαιρέσεως οἶον δυοῖν δέοντα. τορεσιν ἔτη τ΄. deleto δυοῖν δέοντα. Vid. notam). συνάγονται τοίνυν pro καὶ ων λεμαίους καὶ τὴν τελευταίαν Κλεοπάτραν, ὃ γίνεται τῆς “Ῥωμαίων μοναρχικῆς ἡγεμονίας ἔτος ιδ΄. ᾿Ολυμπιάδος δὲ ρπζ΄. ἔτος δ. Τὰ σύμπαντα ἔτη ἀπὸ ᾿Αδὰμ ευοβ΄. Μετὰ ᾿Αλεξανδρείας ἅλωσιν ᾿Ολυμπίας ἤχθη ρπη΄. Ἡρώδης ἐπικτίσας τὴν Γαβινίων πόλιν, τήν Tore Σαμάρειαν, Σεβαστὴν αὐτὴν προσηγόρευσεν" τὸ δὲ ἐπίνειον αὐτῆς τοῦ Στράτωνος 7rvpyov πολίσας, ἀπὸ τοῦ “οαὐτοῦ Καισάρειαν ἐκάλεσεν ἑκατέρᾳ ναὸν ἐγείρας 'Oxraovig. ὕστερον δὲ kai ᾿Αντιπατρίδα κτίζει ἐν τῷ Λυδῷ πεδίῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ πατρὸς γορευθεῖσαν)" koi τοὺς περὶ τὴν Σεβαστὴν οἰκοῦντας, ὃ χφείλατ ὴν γῆν, ἐν αὐτῇ. ἔκτισεν δὲ ὧν ἀφείλατο τὴν γῆν, ἐγκατῴκισεν ἐν αὐτῇ. ἔκτ καὶ érépas πόλεις" καὶ rots μὲν ᾿Ιουδαίοις βαρὺς ἦν, rots δὲ ἄλλοις ἔθνεσι δεξιώτατος. Ἦν ᾿Ολυμπιὰς pmÓ. ἥτις πρὸ ς΄. καλενδῶν Μαρτίων κατὰ Ἀντιοχεῖς κδ΄. ἰδίων ὁρίων ἔστη ὁ ἐνιαυτός. Περὶ τούτων οὖν τῶν τριῶν βασιλέων φησὶν Ὃ 'ASPIKANOZ ἐν πέμπτῳ βιβλίῳ τῶν Χρονικῶν αὐτοῦ, ὅτι διὰ τὴν ἄγαν δυσσέβειαν αὐτῶν παρέδραμε τούτους ὁ Ἐαγγελιστής" ἔθος (Africanus), τους ovK ἀξίους μνήμης παραλιμπάνειν, τὸν Συμεὼν, kai ἄλAore ἄλλως ἀλλαχόθεν πολλοί. ζωοποιὸν ἀνάστασιν. ὸ δὲ (tor. Τ όδε) καθ᾽ ἔκαστον τῶν πράξεων avrov, (Christi) καὶ θεραπειῶν σωμάτων kai ψυχῶν, καὶ TOv τῆς γνώσεως ἀποκρύφων, ἀναστασεώς τε τῆς ἐκ νεκρῶν, GUTOQKEOTQOTOS 7TDpO ἡμῶν μαθηταῖς τε καὶ αποστολοις το αὐτοῦ δεδήλωται. Ka0' ὅλου τοῦ koc σκότος ἐπήyero φοβερώτατον᾽ σεισμῷ τε αἱ πέτραι διεῤῥήγνυντο. Ν 9 Ν καὶ τὰ πολλὰ τῆς Ιουδαίας καὶ τῆς λοιπῆς γῆς karepῥίφθη. τοῦτο τὸ σκότος ἔκλειψιν ToU ἡλίου OaAAos ἀποκαλεῖ ἐν τρίτῃ TOv ἱστοριῶν, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, ἀλόγως. δὲ τῆς μιᾶς τοῦ πάσχα τὰ περὶ TOv Σωτῆρα συνέβη. ἔκλειψις δὲ ἡλίου σελήνης ὑπελθούσης τὸν ἥλιον γίνεται ἀδύνατον δὲ ἐν ἄλλῳ χρόνῳ, πλὴν ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ νουμηνίας kal τῆς πρὸ αὐτῆς κατὰ τὴν σύνοδον αὐτὴν ἀποβῆναι. πῶς οὖν ἔκλειψις νομισθείη κατὰ διάμετρον σχεδὸν ὑπαρχούσης τῆς σελήνης ἡλίῳ ἔστω δὴ, avvαρπαζέτω τοὺς πολλοὺς γεγενήμενον, καὶ τὸ kocΝ ’,ὕ [4 2 μικον τέρας ἡλίου ἐκλειψις ὑπονοείσθω ἔκ γε τῆς kara τὴν ὄψιν πλάνης. Φλέγων ἱστορεῖ ἐπὶ Τιβερίου Katσαρος ἐ λήνῳ ἔκλ ἡλίου γεγονέναι τελεῖ ρος ἐν πανσελήνῳ ἔκλειψιν ἡλίου γεγον τελείαν, ἀπὸ ὧρας ἔκτης μέχρις ἐννάτης. δῆλον ὡς ravrqv.] Τίς δὲ ἡ κοινωνία σεισμῷ καὶ ἐκλείψει, πέτραις pyy νυμέναις, καὶ ἀναστάσει νεκρῶν, τοσαύτῃ τε κινήσει το κοσμικῇ ἐν γοῦν μακρῷ χρόνῳ τοιοῦτόν τι συμβὰν οὐ μνημονεύεται. ἀλλ᾽ ἢν σκότος θεοποίητον, διότι τὸν Κύριον συνέβη παθεῖν. Καὶ λόγος αἱρεῖ ὅτι ἑβδομήκοντα ἑβδομάδες εἰς τοῦτον συναιροῦνται τὸν χρόνον, ἐν τῷ Δανιήλ... μεν οὖν "T€pLKO7T?) οὕτω πῶς €xovaa πολλά τε καὶ παραδόξα σημαίνει. νῦν δὲ ὧν χρεία λόγον ποιησόμεθα. ὅτι μὲν οὖν περὶ τῆς TOU Χριστοῦ sapovotas λέγεται ταῦτα, μετὰ ἑβδομάδας ἑβδομήκοντα μέλλοντος ἐπιφαίνεσθαι, δῆλον" ἐπὶ γὰρ τοῦ Σωτῆρος, ἀπὸ τούτου, τά παραπτώματα παλαιοῦται, καὶ ἁμαρτίαι συντελοῦνται διὰ τὴν ἀφεσιν τε ἀνομίαι ἐξιλασμῷ μετὰ τῶν ἀδικιῶν ἐξαλείφονται, το δικαιοσύνη αἰώνιος καταγγέλλεται παρὰ τὴν εκ τοῦ νόμου ὁράσεις καὶ "προφητείαι μέχρις loavΗ Ν Ν vov, χρίεται δὲ ἅγιος ἁγίων. πρὸ γὰρ τῆς τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν παρουσίας οὐκ ὄντα ταῦτα προσεδοκᾶτο μόνον. ἄρξασθαι δὲ τῶν ἀριθμῶν, τουτέστι τῶν ἐβδο, ἐβὃ $2) [200 3 μ μηκοντα e900ua00Vv, ἃ ἐστιν τετρακοσίια ἐννενήκοντα, ὁ "AyyeAos ὑποτίθεται: "amo ἐξόδου λόγου τοῦ ἀποκριθῆναι, καὶ τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι Ἱερουσαλήμ. συνέβη δὲ ταῦτα ἐπὶ ᾿Αρταξέρξου τοῦ Περσῶν βασιλεύοντος εἰΚΟσΤῷ ετει. Νεεμίας yàp ὃ rovrov οἰνοχόος δεηθεὶς ἀποκρίσεώς τε ἔτυχεν, οἰκοδομηθῆναι ἱἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ λόγος ἐξῆλθε κελεύων ταῦταʼ μέχρι μὲν γὰρ ἐκείνου τοῦ χρόνου ἡ πόλις ἡρήμωτο. ἑβδομηκονταετίαν τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας τῶν βουλομένων ἕκαστον ἑκουσιαστὶ καταπέμψαντος, οἱ μετὰ ᾿Ιησοῦ τοῦ μεγάλου ἱερέως koi Ζοροβάβελ κατελθόντες, καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ ’ὔ 3 Ν Ν τούτοις ἅμα Epa, τὸν νεὼν οἰκοδομεῖν ἐκωλύοντο τὰ πρῶτα, kai τεῖχος τῇ πόλει περιβάλλειν, ὡς οὐ kekeλευσμένου τούτου. ἔμεινεν οὖν Νεεμίου καὶ βασιλείας Apra£ep£ov εἰκοσαετοῦς, καὶ τῆς Περσῶν ἡγεμονίας ἔτους πεντεκαιδεκάτου kai ἑκατοστοῦ" ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς ἁλώσεως Ἱἱερουσαλὴμ ἑκατὸν ὀγδοήκοντα πέντε ἔτη ylverav καὶ rore βασιλεὺς ᾿Αρταξέρξης éκéλευσεν οἰκοδομηθῆναι τὴν πόλιν. Neeuias δὲ karaπεμφθεὶς τοῦ ἔργου προέστη, ἡ δὲ ὠκοδομήθη πλατεῖα καὶ περίτειχος, ὡς προεφητεύθη" κᾳκεῖθεν ἀριθμοῦσιν ἡμῖν ἑβδομήκοντα ἑβδομάδες εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν συντελοῦνται. yàp ἄλλοθέν ποθεν ἀριθμεῖν ἀρξαίμεθα, καὶ ovk ἐντεῦθεν, οὔτε ὁ χρόνος συνδραμεῖται, kai πλεῖστα &roπα ἀπαντήσει. ἐάν τε γὰρ ἀπὸ Κύρου καὶ τῆς πρώτης καταπομπῆς τὴν ἀρχὴν ποιησώμεθα τῆς ἀριθμησεως ε Ν Ν τῶν ἑβδομήκοντα ἑβδομάδων, eis ἔτη ἑκατὸν καὶ προσέτι Ael δὲ »Α47 καὶ ες ΝΥ περισσεῦυει σπλειἍ xpovos, ἢ" 7epas Δανιὴλ ὁ AyyeAos. προεφήτευσεʼ πολλῷ δὲ πλείων, εἰ αρχὴς Tus αἰχμαλωσίας. εὑρίσκομεν yap τὴν IIepσῶν βασιλείαν ἔτεσι διακοσίοις τριάκοντα περιγραφο,ὔ [4 ’ὔ μένην. τήν τε Μακεδόνων εἰς ἔτη τριακόσια ἑβδομήκοντα delend.] παρατείνουσαν, κἀκεῖθεν ἐπὶ τὸ "Τιβερίου Καίσαρος ἐκκαιδέκατον ἔτος εἰς ἔτη ἑξήκοντα. "Aso δὲ Apra£ép£ov ἑβδομήκοντα ἑβδομάδες εἰς τὸν ἐπὶ Χριστοῦ συντελοῦνται χρόνον κατὰ τοὺς ᾿Ιουδαίων ἀριθμούς. ἀπὸ γὰρ Νεεμίου, ὃς ὑπὸ Αρταζξέρξου τὴν leρουσαληὴμ ανοικοθομήσων ἐπέμφθη. ἐτει πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ καὶ ἑκατοστῷ τῆς Περσῶν βασιλείας, αὐτοῦ δὲ ApraÉép£ov βασιλείας εἰκοστῷ ἔτει, καὶ ᾿Ολυμπιάδος ὀγδοηκοστῆς τρίτης ἔτει τετάρτῳ, ἐπὶ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον ὃς ἢν ᾿Ολυμπιάδος διακοσιοστῆς δευτέρας ἐτος δεύτερον, Τιβερίου δὲ Καίσαρος ἡγεμονίας ἔτος ἑκκαιδέκατον, ἔτη συνάγεται τετρακόσια ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε. ἅπερ Efpoika rerpaκόσια ἐννενήκοντα ἐτὴ γίνεται, κατὰ TOV σεληνιαῖον δρόμον τοὺς ἐνιαυτοὺς ἐκείνων ἐξαριθμουμένων, ὅς ἐστιν, ὡς πρόχειρον εἰπεῖν, ἡμερῶν τριακοσίων πεντήκοντα τεσσάρων" τοῦ ἡλιακοῦ κύκλου ὑπάρχοντος ἡμερῶν τριακοσίων ἑξήκοντα πέντε, τετάρτου, τὴν yap κατὰ σελήνην δωδεκάμηνον παραλλάσσει ἡμέραις ἕνδεκα kai τετάρτῳ. το διὰ τοῦτο καὶ EAAmves καὶ ᾿Ιουδαῖοι τρεῖς μῆνας ἐμ-βολίμους ἔτεσιν okro παρεμβάλλουσιν ὀκτάκις yap τὰ €vOeka καὶ τέταρτον ποιεῖ τρίμηνον. τὰ τοίνυν τετρακόσια ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε ἐτη, Okraernpióes γίνονται πεντήκοντα ἐννέα, καὶ μῆνεις τρεῖς (cor. érg τρία ería γινομένης (cor. γινομένου) ἔτη πεντεκαίδεκα, ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν ἀποδεόντων, γίγνονται. ταῦτα δὲ πρὸς τοῖς τετρακοσίοις ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε ἔτεσιν, αἱ ἑβδομήκοντα ἑβδομάδες συντελοῦνται. Μὴ δή τις ἡμᾶς τῶν νομιὰν ἀριθμῶν απειροὺς ειναι νομιζέτω τξε. μερῶν Kai τετάρτου μορίου προτεταχέναι αὐτὴν. ἐνιαυτὸν pro αὐτὴν.) οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀγνοίᾳ τ᾽ ἀληθοῦς, διὰ δὲ ς τὴν λεπτολογίαν ψηφιζμενον συνετέμομεν. τοῖς δὲ ἐπ᾽ ἀκριβὲς πάντα πειρωμένοις ἐξετάζειν, καὶ τοῦθ᾽ ὡς ἐν γραφῇ παρακείσθω. τὸ μὲν ἔτος ἐπίπαν ἕκαστον ἐστὶν Ν προ ἡμέρων τξε Kat, μέρας και VUKTOS εἰς εννεακαιθέκατον ὃ θ ιαιρεθείσης, μέρῃ τούτων τὰ καιδέκατα διαιρεθείσης μέρη, τούτων τῶν μεταξὺ δὲ TOU λέγειν τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἡμερῶν τζξε΄. kai τετραμορίου θημέρου μερῶν voc. ἡμέραι παραλλῆηλον εἰσὶν ς΄. Kai τετραμόριον. μὴν TOV Ἰςτῆς σελήνης μῆνα κατὰ τὴν ἀκριβῆ λεπτολογίαν εὑρίσκομεν κθ΄. καὶ ἡμισείας, ἡμέρας kai νυκτὸς διαιρεθείσης εἰς μέρη τούτων τα ο΄. καὶ ἥμισυ... ἃ γίνεται ἐννενηκοστοτέταρτα τρία, καὶ ταῦτα map ὀλίγον χρόνον καταγίνεται. Συμβαίνει δὲ τῶν (fox. τὸ) ἀπὸ 'Apra£ép£ov βασιλείας ἐτους κ΄, ὡς ἐν τῷ Εσδρᾳ map Ἑβραίοις, ὅπερ καθ᾽ “Ἕλληνας ἦν ᾿Ολυμπιάδος ὀγδοηκοστῆς τέταρτον ἔτος, μέχρις ékrov καὶ δεκάτου Τιβερίου Καίσαρος, ὕπερ ἦν ᾿Ολυμπιάδος σβ΄. ἔτος δεύτερον, ἐπισυνάγεσθαι τὰ προειρήμενα voe. ἃ γίνεται κατὰ Efpaiovs ἔτη ὡς προείρηται. τοῦτ᾽ ἐστιν ἑβδομάδες 7; ἣν εν [4 καθὰ προεφητεύθη τῷ Δανιὴλ ὑπὸ τοῦ Γαβριὴλ ἡ το Χριστοῦ παρουσία. εἰ δέ τῳ δοκεῖ τὰ ιε΄. ἔτη, τὰ '"EB“ἊΝ ᾽ὔ 3 paika, πλάνην €yyevvüv' μετ᾽ ἐκεῖνα, εἰς ἡμᾶς ἔτη διακόσια ἐγγὺς, kal οὐδὲν ἐν μέσῳ παράδοξον ἱστόρηται. δύναται δὲ καὶ ἡ μία καὶ ἡμίσεια ἑβδομὰς, ἣν ἐπὶ συντελείᾳ παραλαμβάνεσθαι δεῖν ὑπονοοῦμεν, παρηγορεῖν τὸν ἐπιζητούμενον τῶν ιε΄. ἐτῶν καὶ κονφίζειν χρόνον. συμβολικώτερον αἱ προφητεῖαι ἐξενενεγμέναι τυγχάνουσι, δῆλον. Οπόσον δὲ ἐφ᾽ ἡμῖν, ὄρθως, οἶμαι, τὴν γραφὴν ἐδεξάμεθα, ἐπεὶ καὶ συναιρείσθαί πως ἡγουμένη τῆς ὀπτασίας πέρικοπὴ δοκεῖ, ἧς ἡ ἀρχή ἔτει τρίτῳ τῆς βασιλείας Βαλτάσαρ, ἔνθα περὶ τῆς καθαιρέσεως τῆς Περσῶν ἀρχῆς ὑφ᾽ “Ἑλλήνων προδηλοῖ ἐμβολίμους τρεῖς μῆνας προσλαμβανούσης. ἀπὸ δὲ Αρταξέρξου ὅθεν ὁ λόγος ἐξῆλθεν οἰκοδομηθῆναι 'lepovσαλὴμ, ἑβδομάδες συντελοῦνται. ἰδίᾳ δὲ περὶ τούτων καὶ ἀκριβέστερον ἐν τῷ περὶ ἑβδομάδων καὶ τῆσδε τῆς προφητείας ἀπεδείξαμεν. θαυμάζω δὲ ᾿Ιουδωίων μὲν μήπω φασκόντων ἐληλυθέναι τὸν Κύριον: τοὺς ἀπὸ Μαρκίωνος δὲ, ὑπὸ τῶν προφητειῶν μὴ σι ΕΣ προηγορεῦσθαι, οὕτω γύμνως ὄψιν τῶν γραφῶν δεικνυουσῶν. Καὶ μετ᾽ ὀλίγαʼ Συνάγονται δὲ τοίνυν οἱ χρόνοι ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ Κυρίου 2 Ν 3 Ν παρουσίαν ἀπὸ Aag, καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἀνάστασιν 5 2^ κα λυμπιάδα ἔτη pl9, ὡς ἐν τοῖς πρόσθεν ἡμῖν ἀποδέδεικται.

### English translation (Claude)

Of Africanus, on the events concerning Hyrcanus and Antigonus, and concerning Herod and Augustus. … Octavius Augustus, whom the Romans call Augustus, being his (Gaius Caesar's) adopted son, went up from Apollonia in Epirus, where he was being educated, to Rome, and took hold of the chief power of the government. Antony afterwards obtained the rule of Asia and of the regions beyond. Under him the Jews accused Herod; but he killed the envoys and restored Herod to his rule. Later Herod was driven out together with Hyrcanus and his brother Phasael, and having fled to Antony he came back; and when the Jews would not receive him, a fierce battle took place. … And not long after he defeats in battle Antigonus too, who was returning. But Antigonus, having fled to Orodes, the king of the Parthians, came back through Pacorus his son, for a thousand talents of gold. And Herod flees; Phasael is killed in the battle; and Hyrcanus was handed over alive to Antigonus, who gave him to the Parthians to lead away, having cut off his ears, so that he might no longer be priest; for he was ashamed to kill him as a kinsman. Herod, driven out, first flees to Malichus, king of the Arabs; and when he would not receive him for fear of the Parthians, he went away to Alexandria, to Cleopatra. Olympiad 185. Cleopatra, having killed the brother who reigned with her, when she was summoned to Cilicia to make her defense before Antony, entrusted the care of her government to Herod; and since he did not think fit to be trusted until he should be restored to his own rule, … being with Antony, since he had been captured by love of the woman, she sent Herod to Rome, to Augustus … and because the Parthians had established Antigonus as king, he wrote to the generals in Palestine and Syria to restore Herod to his rule. And together with Sosius he fought against Antigonus for a long time and in battles of every kind. Then also Joseph, Herod's brother, died while in command. And when Herod came to Antony, … for three years they besieged Antigonus and brought him alive to Antony. And Antony himself proclaimed Herod king, and added to him the cities of Hippos, Gadara, Gaza, Joppa and Anthedon, and of Arabia, Trachonitis and … and Gaulanitis, and further the procuratorship of Syria. Herod was proclaimed king of the Jews by the Senate and by Octavius Augustus, and reigned 34 years. Antony, about to march against the Parthians, killed Antigonus, the king of the Jews, and gave Arabia to Cleopatra; and having crossed over against the Parthians he met with a great reverse, losing most of his army. It was Olympiad 186. Octavius Augustus led the forces of Italy and of all the West against Antony, who did not wish to return to Rome, for fear because of his reverses among the Parthians and for love of Cleopatra. And Antony met him with the forces of Asia. And Herod, being clever and a courtier of the powerful, sent out double letters, and an army, instructing the commanders to watch for the outcome. And when the victory was decided, and Antony, defeated in two naval battles, fled into Egypt with Cleopatra, the bearers delivered the letters to Augustus, hiding those they had for Antony. … Cleopatra (died) in her mausoleum, using a weapon against herself. … Helios and Selene, fleeing to the Thebaid, Augustus seized. The Actian games were established; Nicopolis near Actium was founded; and when Alexandria was taken, Cornelius Gallus is sent as the first governor of Egypt, who destroyed the cities of the Egyptians who had revolted. Up to this point the Lagidae ruled; and the whole time of the Macedonian rule after the overthrow of the Persians was 300 years less two. … the Ptolemies and the last Cleopatra, which is the 14th year of the monarchical rule of the Romans, and the 4th year of the 187th Olympiad. The total of years from Adam is 5472. After the capture of Alexandria the 188th Olympiad was held. Herod, having rebuilt the city of the Gabinians, then called Samaria, named it Sebaste; and having made a city of its port, Strato's Tower, he called it Caesarea after the same Augustus, raising a temple to Octavius in each. Later he also founds Antipatris in the plain of Lydda, named after his own father; and he settled in it those living around Sebaste whose land he had taken away. He founded other cities too; and he was harsh to the Jews, but most gracious to the other nations. It was Olympiad 189, in which the year began on the sixth day before the Kalends of March, according to the Antiochenes on the 24th of their own month. [b] Concerning these three kings, then, Africanus says in the fifth book of his Chronicles that because of their excessive impiety the Evangelist passed them over; for it is the custom … to omit those not worthy of remembrance … Simeon … and many others at different times in different ways … life-giving resurrection. [c] … And each of his (Christ's) deeds, and his healings of bodies and souls, and the hidden things of knowledge, and the resurrection from the dead, have been made known most sufficiently before us by his disciples and apostles. Over the whole world there came a most fearful darkness; and the rocks were split by an earthquake, and many places in Judea and in the rest of the earth were thrown down. This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his Histories, calls an eclipse of the sun, unreasonably, as it seems to me. … the events concerning the Savior happened (the day before) the Passover. But an eclipse of the sun happens when the moon passes under the sun; and it cannot happen at any other time than between the first day of the moon and the day before it, at the conjunction itself. How then could an eclipse be thought to happen when the moon is almost diametrically opposite the sun? Let it be so; let what happened carry away the multitude, and let the cosmic portent be supposed to be an eclipse of the sun, from the deception of sight. Phlegon records that in the time of Tiberius Caesar, at full moon, there was a total eclipse of the sun from the sixth hour to the ninth; it is clear that he means this one. But what has an eclipse in common with an earthquake, rocks splitting, the resurrection of the dead, and so great a disturbance of the world? At any rate, in a long period no such event is remembered. But it was a darkness made by God, because the Lord happened to suffer. And reason shows that the seventy weeks of Daniel are comprised up to this time. [d] … This passage, then, being so, signifies many marvelous things; but now we shall speak of what is needful. That these things are said of the coming of Christ, who was to appear after seventy weeks, is clear; for in the Savior's time, from then on, transgressions are made old, and sins are brought to an end through forgiveness, and iniquities together with injustices are blotted out by expiation, and an everlasting righteousness is proclaimed beside that which is from the law, and visions and prophecies (last) until John, and the holy of holies is anointed. For before the coming of our Savior these things did not exist, but were only expected. And the angel proposes that the numbers, that is, of the seventy weeks, which are 490 years, begin from the going forth of the word to answer and to build Jerusalem. And these things happened in the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, king of the Persians. For Nehemiah, his cupbearer, having made request, obtained the answer that Jerusalem should be built, and the word went forth commanding these things; for until that time the city lay desolate. For when Cyrus, after the seventy years of the captivity, had sent down all who wished, of their own free will, those who came down with Jeshua the high priest and Zerubbabel, and those after them with Ezra, were at first prevented from building the temple and from surrounding the city with a wall, as this had not been commanded. So it remained until Nehemiah and the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, the hundred and fifteenth year of the Persian rule; and from the capture of Jerusalem there are 185 years; and then King Artaxerxes commanded the city to be built. And Nehemiah, being sent down, presided over the work, and the street and the surrounding wall were built, as had been prophesied; and from that point, as we reckon, seventy weeks are completed up to Christ. For if we should begin to reckon from somewhere else and not from here, the times will not agree, and very many absurdities will arise. For if we make the beginning of the reckoning of the seventy weeks from Cyrus and the first sending down, … the time exceeds by a hundred years and more the limit that the angel prophesied to Daniel; and much more if from the beginning of the captivity. For we find the Persian kingdom comprised in 230 years, and that of the Macedonians extending to 370 years, and from then to the sixteenth year of Tiberius Caesar 60 years. But from Artaxerxes seventy weeks are completed up to the time of Christ according to the Jewish reckoning. For from Nehemiah, who was sent by Artaxerxes to rebuild Jerusalem in the 115th year of the Persian kingdom, the 20th year of the reign of Artaxerxes himself and the 4th year of the 83rd Olympiad, up to this time, which was the second year of the 202nd Olympiad and the sixteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, 475 years are reckoned; which make 490 Hebrew years, since they measure their years by the course of the moon, which is, to speak roughly, of 354 days, while the solar cycle is of 365¼ days; for it exceeds the lunar twelve months by 11¼ days. For this reason both Greeks and Jews insert three intercalary months every eight years; for eight times 11¼ make three months. The 475 years, then, make 59 periods of eight years and three months; and the three-month intercalations, (being added) every eight years, make fifteen years, a few days short; and these, added to the 475 years, complete the seventy weeks. Let no one think us ignorant of the astronomical numbers, … that we have put it at 365¼ days; for we abridged the calculation not through ignorance of the truth, but to avoid minute reckoning. For those who try to examine everything exactly, let this too be set down as in writing: each year in full is of 365¼ days, less …; … and the month of the moon, by exact reckoning, we find to be 29½ days, … which make three ninety-fourths; and these come to pass in a short time. It turns out, then, that from the 20th year of the reign of Artaxerxes, as in Ezra among the Hebrews, which according to the Greeks was the fourth year of the 83rd Olympiad, to the sixteenth year of Tiberius Caesar, which was the second year of the 202nd Olympiad, the aforesaid 475 years are reckoned, which according to the Hebrews make 490 years, as said before, that is, seventy weeks, according to which the coming of Christ was prophesied to Daniel by Gabriel. And if anyone thinks that the 15 Hebrew years produce an error, … after those to our time are nearly 200 years, and nothing marvelous is recorded in between. And the one and a half week, which we suppose must be taken at the consummation, can also help and lighten the time of the 15 years that is sought. That the prophecies are set forth rather symbolically is clear. As far as in us lies, we have rightly, I think, received the scripture, since the passage of the vision too seems to be somehow connected, whose beginning is “In the third year of the reign of Belshazzar,” where he foretells the overthrow of the Persian rule by the Greeks, … taking in three intercalary months. And from Artaxerxes, from whom the word went forth that Jerusalem should be built, … weeks are completed. But we have shown these things separately and more exactly in the work on the weeks and this prophecy. And I wonder that the Jews say the Lord has not yet come, and that the followers of Marcion say he was not foretold by the prophecies, when the scriptures show the sight so plainly. And after a little: The times, then, are gathered up to the coming of the Lord from Adam, and … from the resurrection … Olympiad, 192 years, as has been shown by us above.

### Scripture references

- Matt 1:8: allusion, medium confidence
- Matt 27:45: allusion, high confidence
- Matt 27:51–52: allusion, high confidence
- Luke 23:44–45: allusion, high confidence
- Dan 9:24–27: allusion, high confidence
- Neh 2:1–8: allusion, high confidence
- Ezra 1:1–4: allusion, medium confidence
- Ezra 4:1–5: allusion, medium confidence
- Dan 8:1: quotation, high confidence
- Luke 16:16: allusion, medium confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- Phlegon (Phlegon of Tralles, Chronicles): quotation, medium confidence
- Josephus, Ant. 14–15 (Josephus (works)): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Several fragments run together in the staged text; the starts of the later pieces are marked [b], [c], [d]. The OCR is damaged in many places (…), and some of the editor's Latin notes and corrections are printed in it; they are left untranslated. The ‘three kings’ are probably those omitted from Matthew's genealogy (Ahaziah, Joash, Amaziah; Matt 1:8).
- Thallus (a historian quoted only here and in a few later writers) and Phlegon (Olympiads) are cited for the darkness at the crucifixion. Proposed extrabiblical id: thallus (Thallus, Histories; classical/historical).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 49 (Routh 2:292; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/49/#p-49).

## Fragment 51

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/49/#p-51
- Source: Routh 2:307
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: A later chronographer judges that Africanus rightly dated the incarnation to the year 5500 but erred by two years in dating the passion to 5531.

### Greek text

μὲν οὖν ᾿Αφρικανὸς συμφώνως τῇ ἀποστολικῇ παραδόσει τῷ εφ΄. ἔτει τὴν θείαν χρονολογήσας σάρκωσιν, περὶ τὸ πάθος καὶ τὴν Ν Ν σωτήριον ἀνάστασιν δυσὶν ἔτεσι διήμαρτεν, κατὰ “φλα΄. ἔτος τοῦ κόσμου ταύτην συναγαγών. Τ1τὸ

### English translation (Claude)

… Africanus, then, in agreement with the apostolic tradition, dating the divine incarnation to the year 5500, erred by two years concerning the passion and the saving resurrection, placing it in the year 5531 of the world.

### Translation notes

- A testimony (Syncellus).

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 51 (Routh 2:307; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/49/#p-51).

## Fragment 52

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/49/#p-52
- Source: Routh 2:308
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: A brief notice from Africanus about something made known at Edessa.

### Greek text

᾿Αφρικανὸς δέ φησιν ὁ xporoypádos, ὅτι ἐπὶ τούτου temδρείᾳ ἐγνωρίζετο.

### English translation (Claude)

Africanus the chronographer says that under him … was made known at Edessa.

### Translation notes

- The fragment is garbled in the OCR (the word read ‘ἐν Ἐδέσσῃ’ is uncertain), and its subject is lost.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 52 (Routh 2:308; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/49/#p-52).

## Fragment 53

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/49/#p-53
- Source: Routh 2:308
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-17

Summary: A broken notice in which Africanus calls Abgar a holy man.

### Greek text

τὸ Adpikavós AfByapov. φησὶν ἱερὸν ἄνδρα, τοῦ πρώην

### English translation (Claude)

… Africanus … Abgar, he says, a holy man, of the former …

### Translation notes

- Only a few words survive in the OCR.

### Citation (SBL)

Julius Africanus, Frag. 53 (Routh 2:308; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/julius-africanus-fragmenta/49/#p-53).