The Instructor 2.10.84
Summary: Clement agrees with the moral meaning of the prohibition but rejects the belief that animals change their sex: seasonal changes in birds alter color and voice, not nature.
Greek text · Stählin 1:208–209
ὑαίνης ἀπεχόμενον. ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν μὴ δεῖν ἐξομοιοῦσθαι τοῖσδε τοῖς ζῴοις διὰ τῆς προκειμένης ἀπαγορεύσεως ὁμολογουμένως τὸν πάνσοφον Μωσέα αἰνίττεσθαι σύμφημι κἀγώ· οὐ μέντοι τῇδε τῇ ἐξηγήσει τῶν συμβολικῶς εἰρημένων συγκατατίθεμαι. οὐ γὰρ ἄν ποτε βιασθείη φύσις εἰς μεταβολήν, τὸ δὲ ἅπαξ πεπλασμένον εἰς αὐτὴν οὐ θέμις ἀντιπλασθῆναι πάθει· τὸ γὰρ πάθος οὐ φύσις· παραχαράττειν δέ, οὐ μετακοσμεῖν τὸ πάθος εἴωθε τὴν πλάσιν· εἰ γὰρ καὶ τῶν ὀρνέων πολλὰ μεταβάλλειν κατὰ τὰς ὥρας λέγεται καὶ τὸ χρῶμα καὶ τὴν φωνήν (οἷον ὁ κόσσυφος ξανθὸς μὲν ἐκ μέλανος, παταγητικὸς δὲ ἐξ ᾠδικοῦ γινόμενος· ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ ἡ ἀηδὼν καὶ τὸ χρῶμα καὶ τὴν ᾠδὴν συμμεταβάλλει ταῖς τροπαῖς), ἀλλʼ οὔτι γε τὴν φύσιν αὐτὴν ἀμείβουσιν, ὡς θῆλυ γίγνεσθαι ἐκ τοῦ ἄρρενος κατὰ μετασχηματισμόν· ἀλλʼ ἡ μὲν τῶν πτερῶν νεοφυΐα νεαρᾶς ἐσθῆτος δίκην ἐξανθεῖ βαφήν τινα πτερῶν, ὀλίγῳ δʼ ὕστερον διαπνεῖ κατὰ τὴν χειμέριον ἀπειλήν, καθάπερ ἄνθος μαραινομένης τῆς χρόας· ἡ φωνὴ δὲ καὶ αὐτὴ τὸν ὅμοιον τρόπον τῷ κρύει πεπονημένη μαραίνεται· πυκνουμένης γὰρ τῆς ἐπιφανείας ἐκ τοῦ περιέχοντος αἱ περὶ τὸν αὐχένα πιεζόμεναί τε καὶ πυκνούμεναι ἀρτηρίαι προσαναθλίβουσι τὸ πνεῦμα, στενοχωρούμενον δὲ ἄγαν τοῦτο πνιγόμενον ἀποδίδωσι τὸν ἦχον.
English · Claude translation
hyena should not rush into adultery. I agree that the all-wise Moses, by this prohibition, clearly hints that we should not become like these animals; but I do not assent to this interpretation of what was said symbolically. For nature could never be forced to change; what has once been formed cannot be reshaped by a passion; for passion is not nature; passion is accustomed to counterfeit, not to remodel, the form. For even if many birds are said to change both their color and their voice with the seasons (the blackbird, for example, becoming tawny from black, and chattering instead of singing; likewise the nightingale changes both color and song with the turning of the year), they do not change their very nature, so that a female comes from a male by transformation. The new growth of feathers, like a new garment, blooms with a dye of feathers, and a little later fades in the threat of winter, the color withering like a flower. The voice too, in the same way, worn down by the cold, withers; for when the surface of the body is contracted by the surrounding air, the arteries around the neck, compressed and contracted, squeeze the breath, and this, greatly confined and choked, gives out a stifled sound.
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Clement of Alexandria, Paed. 2.10.84 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-paedagogus/2/10/84/).
Plain text
Clement of Alexandria, Paed. 2.10.84 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-paedagogus/2/10/84/).
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